EE80S: Sustainability Engineering and Practice, Fall 2009 Sustainability Engineering and Ecological Design project assignment Project Coordinator: James Barsimantov jbarsima@ucsc.edu Final project description During this course your group of four will develop a group project proposal to address a sustainability challenge on this campus or in the community. This project will be an opportunity to gain experience working in an interdisciplinary team and synthesize concepts and ideas learned during the course. The project will be organized around a real world funding opportunity and the project coordinator will work with your teams to develop your project ideas and some groups will work with mentors on campus or the community. The best two to three projects will be considered for submission to the P3 Award Program and these teams will work with professional grant writers to prepare the final proposal. The US Environmental Project Agency has funding for student designed sustainability projects as part of the P3 Award Program. The EPA is seeking applications proposing to research, develop, and design solutions to real world challenges involving sustainability. The P3 competition highlights people, prosperity, and the planet – the three pillars of sustainability. The P3 Awards Program is a partnership between the public and private sectors to foster progress toward sustainability by achieving the mutual goals of economic prosperity, protection of the planet, and improved quality of life for its people. The EPA offers the P3 competition in order to respond to the technical needs of the developed and developing world while moving towards the goal of sustainability. Please see the P3 website (http://www.epa.gov/ncer/P3) for more details about this program. For a general overview of sustainability at UCSC: http://sustainability.ucsc.edu Sustainability challenge project proposal categories * Agriculture (e.g., irrigation practices, reduction or elimination of pesticides) * Materials and chemicals (e.g., materials conservation; renewable, bio-based feedstocks; inherently benign materials and chemicals through green engineering and green chemistry; biotechnology; recovery and reuse of materials through product, process, or system design) * Energy (e.g., reduction in air emissions through innovative strategies for energy production and energy distribution; energy conservation; inherently benign energy through green chemistry, green engineering; biotechnology) * Information technology (e.g., delivery of and access to environmental performance, technical, educational, or public health information related environmental decision-making) * Water (e.g., water quality, quantity, conservation, availability, and access) * Built environment (e.g., environmental benefits through innovative green buildings, transportation and mobility strategies, and smart growth as it results in reduced vehicle miles traveled or reduces storm water runoff) Project Proposal Your proposal should be written from the perspective of a student group proposing a sustainability project on campus and/or in the community (it could be Santa Cruz or some other community approved by the project coordinator). The scope of this project and your budget reflect what you hope/plan to accomplish as a student group. The proposal should include an abstract, introduction, statement of the problem, proposed solution, implementation, budget, personnel, and timeline. The budget should be around $4,000 for this project, although larger scale projects may be appropriate with approval of the project coordinator. You may propose to eventually raise more money from local partners, the UCSC administration, or grants, but for this phase stay within the range mentioned above. Your budget could be used to scope, design, or implement a project. In many cases you will be proposing an alternative or more participatory design process and asking people to consider specific “more sustainable” technologies. Your papers will be both constructive and critical of a sustainability project, anticipating key design features that will be important to meeting the project goals. 1 FOR ALL PROJECT ASSIGNMENTS (outline, draft, and final report) ONE ELECTRONIC COPY SHOULD BE SUBMITTED THROUGH WEBCT & ONE PRINTED COPY SHOULD BE BROUGHT TO CLASS. PLEASE LIST ALL GROUP MEMBERS ON ALL ASSIGNMENTS! Assignment deadlines 1) A proposal outline is due 10/29 (Thurs) at noon in lecture. This is outline should describe your idea, who your partner(s) are, potential research questions, design and implementation goals, and project timelines. Feedback will be provided within a week. We also expect you to contact other students as well as the individuals and organizations currently involved in this work. 10 POINTS 2) A proposal rough draft is due 11/17 (Tues) at noon in lecture. This will be a full first draft, structured according to the project description and including 10 pages of text. Only turn in one draft per group. You will get feedback from the graders/TAs/instructors and allied project partners. 20 POINTS 3) Your Final Report is due 12/3 (Thurs) at noon. 70 POINTS Please remember that the full project is worth a major portion of your course grade (35%). There are several components relevant to the final project and they include the following: • There will be a peer review process in which each member will state their contribution to the group and evaluate the contributions made by other team members. • If you write an outstanding project, we can assist you to submit this to a granting institution (government, foundation or other) to finance this project. This is optional, but it will be a great experience. • No late Final Reports will be accepted. 4) Self/Peer Evaluation Form Due 12/3 (Thurs) at noon. This will be an anonymous review of your team, to make sure that tasks were fairly distributed. Final Report Format The proposal will be oriented toward a particular program at the EPA called People, Prosperity, and the Planet (P3). See the following URL for more information: http://www.epa.gov/ncer/p3/index.html 1. Title Page a. Project title b. Your names and emails c. List of project mentors and advisors 2. Abstract (1 page) a. Summary of the project in less than 300 words. b. Project Summary should cover the following: (1) Definition of a technical challenge to implement sustainability; (2) Development of an innovative design approach with technical merit to address the challenge; (3) Discussion of how the challenge and proposed design relate to sustainability including people, prosperity, and the planet; (4) Description of strategy for measuring results, evaluation and demonstration; and (5) Description of how P3 (People, Prosperity and the Planet) concepts will be used as an educational tool at the university, such as by incorporation into the community and/or the institution’s curriculum. c. Supplemental Keywords: Without duplicating terms already used in the text of the abstract, list keywords to assist database searchers in finding your research. 2 3. Project Proposal (Research Plan 10 pages single-spaced 12 point Times font 1 inch margins, references do not count towards the 10 page total, some pictures and figures can count towards 10 pages, but if you would like to add extra figures and data you can do this in an appendix) The description of the research plan must provide the following information: 1. P3 Project Description: Structure the description using the peer review criteria as subheadings: Challenge Definition; Innovation and Technical Merit (this is the description of what you propose to do to address the implementation of renewable energy challenge— technical merit refers to questions of whether or not it will work; you need to prove that it will accomplish the goals); Relationship of Challenge to Sustainability; Measurable Results (outputs/outcomes), Evaluation Method, and Demonstration Strategy; and Integration of P3 Concepts as an Educational Tool. Project Timeline. What are the steps that you need to implement the project and how will you measure progress “milestones” towards the final goal. Several of these steps may have already occurred. Indicate anticipated role and tasks of each team member or department represented. Also, indicate anticipated interactions with any and all partners, if applicable. 4. Partnerships (if applicable): [Note: This description does not count toward the ten (10) page limit for the Research Plan, and your partners can also be student groups on campus} 5. References [Note: These do not count toward the ten (10) page limit for the Research Plan]. Peer reviewed journals are excellent sources and you should have at least four of these sources. However, we also know that websites from government agencies, universities and others will be useful. Use the format from the APA (American Psychological Association). There are several websites that provide good examples of how to do this, see the following as only one example http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ 6. Budget and Budget Justification (remember the budget is for the student project) Please include a simple budget and justification that explains how you will spend money in the design and implementation of this project. This is also a space in which you can describe the coinvestments and in-kind contributions, which could be provided by your partner organizations. One example of this would be volunteer labor. 7. Appendices This is a great place to use to add extra diagrams and supporting information. You can add up to three additional pages here that do not count towards the maximum page length of the document. Evaluation Criteria for this assignment Creativity (originality and innovative thinking evidenced in both the proposal and implementation strategy) 10 pts Implementation, Have you clearly identified the steps needed to implement the final project? 10 pts. Budget and budget justification 10pts Background (What is the context? Are there other examples elsewhere?) 10pts Measurements (What measurements / estimates did you take? Do they appear to be accurate? What calculations were made, for example did the team estimate the carbon footprint associated with a given technology, calculate a rate of return on investment, and/or estimate the payback time?) 10pts Overall Report (the overall quality of the final report) 10pts 3 Peer / Self Evaluations *(See attached form) 5pts References, Format and Clarity (Are the sources credible? Is the paper clearly written and formatted?) 5pts *In exceptional cases the peer / self evaluations can be a larger percentage of the final project. Work together as a student teams Who are you as a group of student-learners and teacher-learners? How can you combine your interests to work together to connect sustainability and interdisciplinary learning to sustainable community development processes? • How can student-learners use their differences as a source of creativity? (Do you have a math wiz on your team, an artist, or an organized team coordinator? A social justice analyst/organizer?) • How can engineers, social scientists and natural scientists collaborate most effectively? • What are the obstacles and opportunities among our attitudes, vocabularies, and practices? Work with community and campus-based partners The project coordinator has identified several strategic partners in the community and on campus that are interested in working with student-partners on different projects. They have provided us with background information on sustainability problem they are interested in getting help to answer. Think about the potential projects suggested in class to see if any interest you or to give you ideas about new projects where you might seek out a new mentor relationship. We have identified two roles for these partners. Project Mentor—This person is invested in the outcome of the project. Some are willing to meet with the student team (or a designated representative of the team) 1-3 times, provide background information and share several meetings. You should contact this person early on in the project, once you have identified the basic information for your project and conducted some background research. Project Adviser —This person will answer 1-2 email and phone calls. You could meet with them during their office hours or at a pre-arranged time. They could provide specific advice about your project, help with a calculation, and recommend articles to read, or provide valuable background information. No mentor — Some projects will not have mentors or advisors and will rely on the project coordinator for feedback on ideas. These projects will not be penalized for not having mentors or advisors. All groups will have access to copies of past projects to review and update. Versions students will see have not been corrected, so it will be up to the students to verify that what they come across in the reports are accurate. Project Ideas by Category ENERGY Please visit http://sustainability.ucsc.edu/climate-action to read the draft UCSC Climate Action Plan. Large Scale Solar PV System at UCSC Design and site a solar photovoltaic system to reduce the fossil fuel energy consumed at UCSC. The UCSC Climate Action Plan specifies the use of solar PV as an option to meet carbon reduction goals. The campus may send out a CFP for a solar PV system soon. Where should it go? How much energy should it produce annually? Solar Powered Ferris Wheel With Regenerative Flywheel Braking Explores the possibility of installing a flywheel energy storage device on the Boardwalk Ferris Wheel to increase energy efficiency and provide a community example of renewable energy and sustainability. 4 Santa Cruz Solar Municipal Utility A previous group produced a concept paper that looks at placing solar photovoltaic panels on the roof top of businesses on Pacific Avenue in Santa Cruz. The proposal's aim was to convince the Pacific Avenue business that solar energy is profitable. The proposal also outlines a variety of models for collective buying of solar panels. In these plans the City of Santa Cruz would it sense be creating its own Solar Power municipal which will eventually bring profit to the city. Either refine this proposal, or explore what obstacles could be slowing this idea from being implemented. Solar Finance Model A team in the concurrent sustainable design class (SOCY115) is looking for two engineers to help design their project which is to develop an innovative finance model for installing solar PV. Solar PV Trees in SC or UCSC parking lots There is a group in Sociology 115 that is hoping to get help on a proposal to put solar trees in parking lots. Solar trees are poles that hold multiple solar PV modules on branch-like arms. They are effective in that they might have a smaller footprint, but may pose some drawbacks in terms of design. Using Solar power at the Santa Cruz boardwalk This project proposed by one of our partners hopes to determine the technical and financial feasibility of adding solar PV to the boardwalk to offset the carbon emissions from boardwalk operations. Feasibility of operating heavy machinery with renewable energy A new manufacturing facility that makes equipment to capture brake dust will be coming on line and is interested in operating on renewable energy. This project proposed by one of our partners looks to investigate technical obstacles and financial options for making this happen. Use of solar PV at 300 Delaware UCSC extension A past project looked to outfit the UCSC extension building on 300 Delaware in Santa Cruz with solar photovoltaic modules. The plan is to out fit the building with panels and apply for government rebates to help cover the cost. While the up front cost are high with government rebates and money saved on energy bills the solar panels will pay for themselves in 20-30 years. Ultimately the goal of the proposal is to convince UCSC to implement more solar power projects on other buildings. Core West Solar Retrofit Proposal This proposal was to install BP solar SX 3200 PV panels on the roof of the Core West parking structure. By doing so the solar farm will be able to provide clean solar energy for campus uses. The parking structure was picked as a suitable location because of its access to sun for long hours, and also because it would provide shade for cars. Porter Photovoltaic This project called for the reduction of the UCSC's dependence on PG&E by funding the installation of solar photovoltaics on the southern roofs of Porter B buildings. This project would only be one step in making the campus sustainable. If the project proves profitable over a short enough amount of time, then the campus is advised to take further steps. The plan calls for the retrofitting of a 3,000W system with a maximum area of about 4,000 sq. ft. Use of Renewable Energy and Energy Recovery Devices in the Santa Cruz Water Desalination Plant This project analyses the proposed desalination plan in the City of Santa Cruz and the potential to use renewable energy. The paper showed how the desalination plant, if it uses new energy efficient technologies could be totally energy efficient. Solar Sustainability: Making OPERS a Model For Future Innovation The Group looked to set an example of renewable energy running public systems by making the OPERS pool building completely solar powered. The group then hopes to continue by bringing their prefect to other UC campus. 5 Replacing Co-gen Hot water on Science Hill with Solar Thermal Design a solar thermal hotwater system for one or more buildings on science hill, presuming that the UCSC co-gen comes off line. Is it possible to replace this hot water on science hill with solar thermal? Solar Thermal Pool Heating Proposal A previous class proposal suggested the use of thermal pool heating as a renewable energy source to heat pools through out Santa Cruz county to help meet the terms of the Climate Action Compact. The primary goal is to lower the energy consumption of the University by implementing a sustainable heating system for the OPERS pool. Find out the progress of this project, and see if there are places your group could help in bringing this project to other pools in the City. Solar Thermal Heating: A Guide to a More Sustainable Use of Energy The proposal aims to teach by doing. The plan is to take disused thermal water heaters from the Student Family housing, repair them, upgrade them, and put them to use as a functioning unit at the Program in Community and Agroecology (PICA) building. PICA is looking for ways to cut their energy expenditures and reduce their carbon footprint, and this project will help them do both. Course Proposal: Biodiesel Processing from Waste Oil By working with other groups on campus with similar goals, this project aims to teach the process of refining home made biodiesel. In the class students will learn everything they need to know to make their own biodiesel. They will then be given the opportunity to run a biodiesel processors. the oil will come from the dining halls and run in the buses. The class will provide a safe environment for students to get hands on practice. Feasibility of producing biodiesel from on campus sources Working with TAPS and the Dining Services to use waste food oil to produce B100 bio diesel for TAPS busses on Campus. The Plan calls for a trial period to create bio diesel for the tractor used on the farm. Horse Manure to Methane Energy When composting manure in water, a byproduct is methane which can be used to heat water or for cooking purposes. This project would pilot such a demonstration at PICA to see if such an energy source is viable. Biofuel mixes This project would look at the obstacles to transition to higher mixes of biofuel (B10, B20, etc.) in the campus bus fleet. The project could also develop a proposal to use local crops such as mustard for biodiesel production. How much land would it require? What kind of energy savings would be gained from growing biofuels locally? UCSC micro-hydro system What is the potential to implement a micro-hydro system on the UCSC campus? Design and Implementation of an Off-Grid Micro Hydro System The goal of the project is to help reduce pollution from energy generation by implementing a Micro Hydro System. These systems would designed to help rural areas tap small local stream for hydropower (500kWh per month). This project proposed to trial the system on a rural farm in Colombia and document the processes of planning and construction for instructional purposes. Micro-wind turbines UCSC This project would look at the potential for micro-scale wind turbines on the UCSC campus. Design, site, and measure the performance of small-scale wind turbines on campus in terms of energy generation and cost. 6 Dimeo Landfill Windturbines The project would evaluate the potential to produce energy from the wind at the Dimeo Landfill north of Wilder State Park, off highway 1. Transit ridership study This project entails a lot of riding buses, counting the number of people boarding and disembarking at each stop along the way, and compiling all the data. Very intensive on the data collection side, pretty straightforward on the analysis side, and very helpful to TAPS when determining how Campus Transit shuttles and SCMTD buses serve the campus. These studies used to be conducted by SCMTD in years past, but they've reduced their work to the minimum required by the FTA—which doesn't help us when planning changes to Day and Night Shuttles, or to funding of supplemental SCMTD buses. One concern I've had is trying to ensure objectivity in the data collection and analysis: we've a few shuttle drivers who've done similar studies with inconsistent sampling methodologies. Reducing Carbon Emissions from UCSC Employee Travel This project outlined the energy use of UCSC faculty travel and aimed to lower this number by suggesting technological related alternatives when possible. While the plan admits that there are many situations where face to face contact is needed, it shows that there is still savings that can be made. Solutions include things such as video conferences and internet phone calls. Personal rapid transit system This project is better suited for a senior design project, but may be worth pursuing in this course. A startup company called SkyTran is developing a solar-powered personal rapid transit system. http://www.unimodal.net/ A UCSC grad student has for the past 6 months been writing the simulator for large networks of PRT vehicles. They need engineering students to help with extending the simulator and running test scenarios. Assessing the Energy Usage of Dormitories Through Socio-Technological Meters This projects focused explicitly on energy use in dorms and how the adoption of smart meters throughout campus could change behaviors to use less energy. Green Building in UCSC Dorms This proposal was to make the Kresge apartments more energy efficient. They hope to do this by working with the campus sustainability council to purchases energy star refrigerators for the apartments. Reducing the Footprint of the Porter Dining Hall The goal of the project is to reduce the carbon footprint of the Porter Dining hall by implementing simple carbon friendly strategies. In addition there is planning to add solar panels to the roof of the Porter Dining complex. The second portion of the plan calls for the purchase of more locally grown food in an effort to cut down on resources used in transportation. The third portion of the plan is calls for a modification of the dining facilities to make them more efficient. These modifications include the purchases of more energy efficient appliances, adding vents and windows near refrigeration to lower air temperature, total elimination of trays, removal of unnecessary light fixtures, and deconstruction of entree diners that would allow students to pick the portions they want. Wellness Center Energy Harnessing Proposal This project sought to increase the energy sustainability of the wellness center by harnessing the power of human exercise. All the treadmills, elliptical machines, stationary bikes, rowing machines, and weight pulley machines have potential energy that can be harnessed. Plan also calls for the installation of MicroWind Turbines to harness even more energy. Dark Sky Campus Focuses on the twin goals of reducing energy consumption and darkening the night sky for the burgeoning movement to make skies darker for observation. It involves mapping campus night-light sources and redesigning light to focus light downwards or be turned off altogether. 7 Building Proposal for Energy Efficient Windows in Crown Classrooms The proposal is for double pained windows to be installed in all the Crown Buildings. The students hope that by taking innovative, and showing the University how simple it is, the rest of the buildings on campus will be retrofitted with the double pained windows. CFL distribution The proposal of this project is to use funding to buy CFL light bulbs and distribute them to low income families for free. The idea behind the project is that buy showing people how easy and cheap it is to save energy by switching the type of light bulb they purchases that they will start to do it for other light fixtures in their homes. The plan calls for the distribution of light bulbs at farmer's markets and also door to door in selected neighborhoods. Furthermore by buying the light bulbs in bulk, there is hope that the CFL light bulbs could be acquired for less. Also included team members would go to local schools to talk to children about how the CFLs save energy. Addressing the Social Component of Energy Use On-Campus Housing The goal of the project is to bring together several different components in order to address the reduction of energy in on-campus housing. The plan has two steps both of which will take place as a trial in Stevenson. The first step is for both students and staff to be trained and then conduct an audit of their energy use. The goal of this is to help them realize waste energy and limit phantom energy. The second portion of the plan is to work with housing officials and residential advisors to give them substantial training on how to reduce energy waste on campus. Comparing the energy costs and savings of solar PV and daylighting This proposal would look at two different uses of a rooftop: windows and photovoltaics and compare the energy savings of the two. Carbon Footprint of SC City Schools Involves calculated the SC City School district's GHG emissions. They will provide data on fleet miles traveled, and gas and electricity. Students can estimate the greenhouse gas inventories associated with the operations of the school district, and quantify how much energy could be displaced with the additional of solar PV. AGRICULTURE UCSC Homegardens Home Grown Harvest attempts to correct food system inequalities by helping people grow a portion of their own produce at home. The idea behind the project is that low income people can improve their diets and have access to more fresh produce by keeping home gardens. Also the growing process will be more sustainable overall. Hoping to start in Santa Cruz the first stage of the project would be to publish a handbook on how to grow successful home gardens. The handbook will include information on soil nutrition, effective water use, crop rotation, crop selection, soil texture, mulching, fertilizing, digging, composting and costs. Humanely Raised Dairy, Eggs, and Meat for sustainable dining The project aims to improve the UCSC dining system and change it into a more sustainable food system. The group will attempt to do this by reducing the amount of conventionally grown food products and increasing support local and organically grown food. The plan will finish with an Educational Out reach program. Hemp: A Feasible Source of Biofuel for Santa Cruz County Project looks into various hemp laws in the US and how they can be altered to allow hemp production, farming, and processing, ultimately for the production of hemp biofuel. 8 MATERIALS AND CHEMISTRY Carbon savings from green purchasing Examine the energy costs associated with a product that UCSC purchases, and evaluate alternatives that could be greener. Expanding Composting in UCSC Dining The goal of this project is to turn 800 pounds of food waste into a useable product everyday. The group wants to use the food pulpier to turn the food waste in to pulp which is useful to local pig farmers as pig feed, or to Vision Recycling as compost for local farmers. Each of these paths would eventually produce food that could be served in the dining halls. Sustainable Campus Composting Project The proposal aims to create a effective campus compost program. The program will include food waste collection at the dining halls and from the dorms and apartments on campus. Also there will be the option for students off campus to bring their food scrapes to bins on campus. The soil will then be used in gardens on campus to provide locally grown food. Waste Bin Workshop Project looked to utilize waste streams at a local recycling facility to procure materials for an art collective. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Decreasing Consumption, increasing Awareness through meters The proposal theorizes that if residents on campus were aware of the amount of utilities they consumed then they would self curtail their consumption. They propose a trial run of placing gas, electric, and water meters out side of two apartment buildings on campus. The buildings involve 12 individual apartment units and total roughly 4000 cu ft. The ultimate goal of this project is to bring awareness about utilities to student residents on campus. Telecommuting Virtual Classrooms The aim of the project is to limit the carbon footprint of the UCSC campus by limiting the vehicle emission of getting to and from campus. The idea behind the project is to put as much information as possible on line. By doing so students would not have to come all the way up to campus for lectures. Also it would allow for past lectures to be available online for later reference. Also it will greatly limit the universities dependence on paper. WATER Atmospheric Water Collection Systems The goal of the project is to develop a high-efficiency, low-cost system to dehumidify atmosphere for water collection. Working with a number of different methods, the group hopes to improve already existing designs. The idea is to make the design as simple as possible. Also they hope to run the dehumidifiers run off of renewable resources. Plans include: using solar or wind power to heat a cylinder that would trap water vapor, using fabric for due collection, and blowing cool ocean water and air through a pipe. Implementing Grey Water Recycling for Campus Irrigation To use grey water from campus to irrigate landscape. 9 Saving Water One Shower at a Time: Installing Water Efficient Showerheads at UCSC Project proposes the installation of water efficient showerheads at UCSC as a cheap, easy, and accessible way to save both water and the energy used to heat water. They look into various cost payback times for the showerheads and lay out a project timeline for implimentation of the project plan. BUILT ENVIRONMENT Building Proposal for Energy Efficient Windows in Crown Classrooms The proposal is for double pained windows to be installed in all the Crown Buildings. The students hope that by taking innovative, and showing the University how simple it is, the rest of the buildings on campus will be retrofitted with the double pained windows. Green Roofing Project whose goal is to promote the use of Green Roofing practices. Green roofing helps remove CO_ from the air we breathe. The proposal shows data on specification of green roofs. The give specification on both extensive 15-20 pounds of material per square foot, and intensive for a weight load of 80-150 pounds per square foot. They have a number of local businesses that may be interested in green roofing options. Increasing bike accessibility and safety on UCSC campus Proposes to improve bike accessibility and safety on the UCSC campus by creating a map of bike trails to, from, and on campus. The map will include marking for trail type, steep slopes, or other hazards. In addition the group also hopes to better maintain current bike paths. The plan includes a method of distribution of the information through the bike co-op, college offices around campus and on-line. The ultimate goal would be to reduce the amount of bus and car traffic to and on campus. The Culture and Community of the Bicycle Course Adapted from an earlier project Super Rad Bike Club (SRBC), the proposal aims to cultivate the expansion of the bike community on the Santa Cruz campus. Their mission statement includes, creation of a class focused on bicycles, teaching bicycles maintain through hands on experience, and the eventual establishment of a bike library on campus. 10