Mudbound by Hillary Jordan “But I must start at the beginning, if I can find it. Beginnings are elusive things. Just when you think you have hold of one, you look back and see another, earlier beginning, and an earlier one before that.” Created for: C.H.A.P.T.E.R.S. Book Club August 14, 2008 1 Dear Sharon, Thank you so much for ordering a custom kit from www.BookClubClassics.com. I sincerely hope this kit adds to your club’s enjoyment of the novel! Please feel free to email any questions or concerns before your club meets or any feedback afterwards: (kgalles@msn.com or BookClubClassics@q.com). I promise that any suggestions will be used to strengthen future kits, and I would love to use any positive quotes on my web site. Again, thank you for your support and feel free to order another customized kit in the future!! I would love to work with you again. Sincerely, Kristen Galles Book Club Classics LitGuides.com 2 Mudbound -- Table of Contents Fast Facts 4 Setting 5 Author Information 6 Menu Ideas 9 Bookmark – All Characters 11 Bookmark – Main Characters 14 Setting the Mood 17 Discussion Questions 18 Reviews 22 What to Read Next 23 3 Mudbound – Fast Facts Author – Hillary Jordan Pages – 328 (Workman Publishing: Algonquin) Date Published – 2008 Setting – Tennessee and Mississippi; 1940’s Point of view – First person (multiple narrators: Jamie, Laura, Ronsel, Henry, Hap, Florence) Genre – Fiction (novel) Issues/Conflicts – Father-son relationships; race; marriage; sibling relationships; effects of war; social class Excellent historical resources: 761st Black Panther Battalion: http://www.761st.com/ Flood of ’27: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/flood/ http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/05/0501_river4.html More about the novel: Bellwether prize: http://www.bellwetherprize.org/ Book Trailer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkHU8_JDCqU 4 Mudbound – Setting Memphis, TN – Laura’s home Greenville, MS – Henry’s home Carthage, MS – McAllan cousins’ home Marietta, MS – Farm (Mudbound) Belzoni, MS – Neighboring town Marietta (county and town) 5 6 The Gathering – Vocabulary Help: “The Gathering…pays unusually loving and lively attention to language, as shifting speech patterns over the past half-century mark the changing mental map of Irish people. That ‘the historical sections are refracted through various kinds of linguistic lenses’, Enright explains, is ‘a reflection of the fact that you cannot write about Ireland in the 1950s in the same tone of voice even as you write about Ireland in the 1970s, or Ireland now. It actually requires a whole different language and sensibility, of flavour, tone and smell.’” (From: www.independent.co.uk) page # / word / definition 4 hoovers – vacuum 5 loo – bathroom 13 jarvey – driver of a hackney (horse-driven) coach 11 bean garda – lesser police officer 14 carbolic – acid derived from coal tar (used in soaps) 20 gobdaw – fool; idiot 26 naggin – shot 30 pram – baby carriage 41 twee – too cute or precious 43 mean – stingy 44 messer – screw-up 49 ming – unpleasant (human) smell 50 biro – ball-point pen 54 shite – shit 58 pap – nipple 71 minder – babysitter 76 prom – walkway 77 Crikey! Quids in – exclamation of surprise; followed by “all in!” 82 Dirk Bogarde – actor and author from the 1950s 85 bocketty – broken; missing 87 uxorious – excessively submissive or devoted to one’s wife 87 bedsit – furnished sitting room with some sleeping arrangements 89 pips – seeds of a fruit 93 beetroot – large, swollen testicle which appears purple/red 95 lino – linoleum 7 Durex – brand of condoms 99 mangle – old-fashioned clothes dryer nappy – diaper 100 boot – trunk of a car 102 boxroom – smaller room usually used as child’s bedroom or storage room 103 jumper – sweater 105 charabancs – motor coach or tourist bus 108 hames – messy inadequate job 125 japes – joke or quip 146 Germolene – antiseptic ointment 151 shagging – sexual intercourse fobbed off – placated; duped 156 Largactyl – chemical used in schizophrenia medicine 157 Firbolg – early rulers of Ireland from Irish mythology 163 gurrier – hooligan pup – younger man involved sexually with older woman conk – large nose 164 slag off – to verbally attack 166 prised – to forcibly move Gardai – Ireland’s national police service 167 foothering – meddling, in a sexual way langer, wire, mickey – slang terms for penis 169 nicked – stealing; sneaking offie – office 170 wan – denotes disrespect; whiner 177 Booterstown – coastal town 5 miles south of Dublin 182 queue – line 201 scoffing – treat with contempt 254 smalls – underwear Definitions courtesy of: “Some Irish Slang”: http://www.dublin1850.com/general/4mymofo.html The Urban Dictionary: http://www.urbandictionary.com/ The Free Dictionary: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ 8 Mudbound -- Author Information From Hillary Jordan’s website: Hillary Jordan grew up in Dallas, Texas and Muskogee, Oklahoma. She received her BA in English and Political Science from Wellesley College and spent fifteen years working as an advertising copywriter before starting to write fiction. She got her MFA in Creative Writing from Columbia University. Mudbound, published by Algonquin Books in March 2008, is her first book. It won the 2006 Bellwether Prize for Fiction, awarded biennially to a debut novel that addresses issues of social justice. It’s a Barnes & Noble Discover Pick for summer 2008, a Borders Original Voices selection, and one of twelve vibrant New Voices of 2008 chosen by Waterstone's UK. Hillary’s short fiction has appeared in numerous literary journals, including StoryQuarterly and The Carolina Quarterly. She lives in Tivoli, New York. For more biographical information… Jordan’s website: http://www.hillaryjordan.com/books.php NPR Interview: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88195380 9 Mudbound – Menu Ideas “And you should taste her peach chess pie…” – Laura’s mother, trying to impress Henry… Recipe for Peach Chess Pie from Diana’s Desserts: Comments: Chess pie, an old time southern favorite and still popular today. Add a little lemon juice or lemon zest to the filling for an extra special tang and if desired, serve topped with a dollop of sweetened whipped cream. Ingredients: Pastry: 1 (9-inch) unbaked pastry shell Filling: 3/4 cup (1 1/2 sticks/6 oz/170g) butter, melted 4 eggs, beaten 1 1/2 cups granulated sugar 2 teaspoons cornmeal 1/4 teaspoon salt 4 teaspoons whipping cream or half & half 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 1/3 cup lemon juice (optional) Garnish (optional) Sweetened whipped cream Instructions: Preheat oven to 350°F (180 C). Place unbaked pastry in a 9-inch pie pan (or a ready-made storebought unbaked pie crust may be used). Crimp or flute edges of pastry; set aside. Combine all filling ingredients in large bowl. Stir until well mixed. Pour filling into prepared pastry. Bake in preheated oven for 30 to 35 minutes or until golden brown and knife inserted in center comes out clean. Cool completely. To serve, top each serving with sweetened whipped cream. Makes 8 servings. Recipe courtesy of: http://www.dianasdesserts.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/recipes.recipeListing/filter/dianas/ recipeID/2556/Recipe.cfm 10 Here are a few Mississippi favorites from: http://www.classbrain.com/artstate/publish/mississippi_recipes.shtml Mississippi Mud Pie by Uncle Phaedrus 1 (8-inch) prepared chocolate crumb crust 1 cup powdered sugar 1 cup (6 ounces) semisweet chocolate chips 1/4 cup butter or margarine, cut up 1/4 cup heavy whipping cream 2 tablespoons light corn syrup 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 3/4 cup chopped nuts, divided (optional) 2 pints coffee ice cream, softened slightly, divided Lightly sweetened whipped cream (optional) Heat sugar, chocolate chips, butter, cream and corn syrup in small saucepan over low heat, stirring constantly, until butter is melted and mixture is smooth. Remove from heat. Stir in vanilla extract. Cool until slightly warm. Drizzle 1/3 cup chocolate sauce in bottom of crust; sprinkle with 1/4 cup nuts. Layer with 1 pint ice cream; freeze for 1 hour. Repeat with 1/3 cup sauce, 1/4 cup nuts and ice cream. Drizzle with remaining sauce; top with remaining nuts. Freeze for 2 hours or until firm. Serve with a dollop of whipped cream, if desired. Makes 8 servings. 11 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fried Green Tomatoes by VernaLisa 3 slices of bacon 4 medium green tomatoes 1 cup fine ground cornmeal salt and pepper to taste 1/2 cup milk Fry the bacon in heavy skillet. Transfer it to absorbent paper. Cut each tomato into 1/2" thick slices. Put sliced tomatoes on absorbent paper. Mix together the cornmeal, salt and pepper. Dip tomato slices into a small bowl of milk remove and coat with your cornmeal mixture. Fry tomatoes in the bacon fat over medium heat until the cornmeal browns, about 1 1/2 minutes on each side. Can be served over rice or pasta and smothered with a cream sauce and crawfish tails or shrimp. Hot Peanuts by VernaLisa 1 to 2 Tablespoons dried crushed red pepper 3 Tablespoons olive oil 4 garlic cloves, pressed 1 (12oz) can cocktail peanuts 1 (12oz) can Spanish peanuts 1 Teaspoon salt 1/2 teaspoon chili powder Cook crushed red pepper in hot oil in a large skillet 1 minute. Stir in garlic and peanuts; cook over medium heat, stirring constantly, 5 minutes. Remove from heat; sprinkle with salt and chili powder. Drain on paper towels; cool completely and serve. 12 Mudbound – Bookmark of All Characters Printable Bookmark! Please print and then cut to use as a reference as you read!! When possible, only basic information has been provided to avoid “spoilers.” Character Jamie McAllan Henry McAllan Pappy Laura Chappell McAllan Amanda Leigh McAllan Isabelle (Bella) McAllan Ronsel Jackson Mrs. Fairbain Chappell Mr. Chappell Fanny Etta Teddy Chappell Eliza Chappell Pearce Chappell Jack Eboline Thalia Warren Weeks Virgil Dessie Albin and Avery Description 29 year old brother of Henry, Eboline, and Thalia; attended Ole Miss for fine arts; afraid of water; pilot in WWII 48 years old; married to Laura; WWI veteran Father of Jamie, Henry, Eboline, and Thalia; bigot 38 year old former English teacher; married to Henry; mother to Bella and Amanda Leigh Henry and Laura’s 6 year old daughter; quiet and serious Henry and Laura’s 4 year old daughter; sweet and demanding Army Sergeant who fought in WWII under Patton; teaches father to read Laura’s mother Laura’s father; retired history professor Laura’s sister Laura’s sister Laura’s brother; introduced her to Henry, his boss; works for Army Corp of Engineers Teddy’s wife Laura’s brother; wounded while a Marine in WWII Etta’s husband Henry and Jamie’s sister; former Cotton queen Henry and Jamie’s sister; former Cotton queen Man in Ronsel’s battalion who died Eboline’s husband Virgil and Eboline’s maid Cousins of the McAllans 13 Mallie Simpoon Ruel and Marlon Jackson Lilly Mae Jackson Florence Jackson Hap Jackson Alice and Orvis Stokes Orvis Jr. and Mary George Suddeth Rose and Bill Tricklebank Ruth Ann and Caroline Tricklebank Conleys Carl Atwood Vera Atwood Alma Atwood Renie Atwood Kester Cottrill Mattie Jane Cottrill Fikeses, Byrds, and Stinnets Doc Turpin Dr. Pearlman Heck and Luther Jackson Junis Lee Jimmy Sam Josie Hayes Dupock Lem Dupock Woman Ronsel knew during war Ronsel’s twin siblings; 12 years old Ronsel’s sister; has a clubfoot Ronsel’s mother; granny midwife; cleans house for Laura Married to Florence; talkative; share tenantfarmer on Mudbound Bought home promised to Henry; own feed store Stokes’ dead children Swindled Henry out of home Own town store Rose and Bill’s daughters Original owners of Mudbound White share-tenant farmer; drinks; abusive Carl’s wife; 8 mo. pregnant Atwood’s 10 yr old daughter Atwood’s eldest daughter; baby died White share-tenant farmers Helps Laura keep house White share-tenant farmers asked to leave Mudbound White doctor; racist Austrian, Jewish doctor who helps Hap Hap’s brothers Neighboring preacher Friend and fellow soldier of Ronsel Friend and fellow soldier of Ronsel Ronsel’s high school sweetheart Josie’s husband 14 Theresia (Resl) Huber Maria Huber Uncle Zeb Aunt Sarah Lucy Dr. Brownlee Mercy Ivers Sheriff Charlie Partain Dottie Tipton Joe Tipton Tom Easterly Tom Rossi Franz Ronsel Capt. Scott Hollis Dex Deweese Sheriff Tacker Viola Ronsel’s German sweetheart Resl’s 6 year old daughter Florence’s uncle Florence’s aunt Pearce’s daughter and Laura’s goddaughter Laura’s old obstetrician Town operator; gossipy Greenville sheriff Widow; flirts with Jamie Dottie’s husband; killed in war Owns cow killed by Jamie Neighboring farmer; parttime deputy sheriff Resl’s son Ronsel’s superior at Camp Hood Friend Ronsel had to kill in war Owns diner Marietta sheriff McAllans’ maid 15 Mudbound – Bookmark of Main Characters Printable Bookmark! Please print and then cut to use as a reference as you read!! Only basic information has been provided to avoid “spoilers.” Character Jamie McAllan Henry McAllan Pappy Laura Chappell McAllan Amanda Leigh McAllan Isabelle (Bella) McAllan Ronsel Jackson Fanny & Etta Teddy Chappell Eliza Chappell Pearce Chappell Jack Eboline Thalia Virgil Ruel and Marlon Jackson Lilly Mae Jackson Florence Jackson Description 29 year old brother of Henry, Eboline, and Thalia; studied fine arts at Ole Miss; afraid of water; pilot in WWII 48 years old; married to Laura; WWI veteran Father of Jamie, Henry, Eboline, and Thalia; bigot 38 year old former English teacher; married to Henry; mother to Bella and Amanda Leigh Henry and Laura’s 6 year old daughter; quiet and serious Henry and Laura’s 4 year old daughter; sweet and demanding Army Sergeant who fought in WWII under Patton; teaches father to read; Laura’s sisters Laura’s brother; introduced her to Henry, his boss; works for Army Corp of Engineers Teddy’s wife Laura’s brother; wounded while a Marine in WWII Etta’s husband Henry and Jamie’s sister; former Cotton queen Henry and Jamie’s sister; former Cotton queen Eboline’s husband Ronsel’s twin siblings; 12 years old Ronsel’s sister; has a clubfoot Ronsel’s mother; granny midwife; cleans house for Laura 16 Hap Jackson Alice and Orvis Stokes Rose and Bill Tricklebank Ruth Ann and Caroline Tricklebank Carl Atwood Vera Atwood Alma Atwood Renie Atwood Doc Turpin Dr. Pearlman Theresia (Resl) Huber Maria Huber Franz Ronsel Married to Florence; talkative; share tenantfarmer on Mudbound Bought home promised to Henry; own feed store Own town store Rose and Bill’s daughters White share-tenant farmer; drinks; abusive Carl’s wife; 8 mo. pregnant Atwood’s 10 yr old daughter Atwood’s older daughter White doctor; racist Austrian, Jewish doctor who helps Hap Ronsel’s German sweetheart Resl’s 6 year old daughter Resl’s son 17 Mudbound -- Setting the Mood! Here is an idea to set the mood and get the conversation started to help you appreciate Jordan’s work. Enjoy! Introductory Game Ideas: Jordan uses many similes and metaphors to express her ideas, especially when Laura is narrating. Here are a few examples: “The soil was so wet from all the rain it was like digging into raw meat.” (3) “[Mud] Sucking at my feet like a greedy newborn on the breast.” (11) “When it rained, as it often did, the yard turned into a thick gumbo, with the house floating in it like a soggy cracker.” (11) “These visions [of marriage] bloomed in my mind like exotic flowers, opulent and jewel-toned, undoing years of strict pruning of my desires.” (22) Create your own simile or metaphor to describe your experience of reading Mudbound. (“Reading Mudbound was like…”) 18 Mudbound Discussion Questions The following questions approach the novel from a number of different angles, i.e., how the novel functions as a work of art, how it reflects the time period, how it addresses fundamental questions of humanity, and how it engages the reader. A good discussion tends to start with our “heads” and end with our “hearts.” Therefore, you may want to save subjective opinions of taste until after you have discussed the more objective elements of the work’s merits. (It is tempting to begin with, “What did everyone think?” But if a number of people really didn’t like the novel, their opinions may derail a discussion of the novel’s merits). On the other hand, I recommend starting with a few accessible questions and asking every member to respond to ensure that all voices are present and heard from the beginning. Just a few suggestions! Enjoy… Warm up questions: If this novel is made into a movie, who would you cast as Laura? Jamie? Henry? Ronsel? Florence? Hap? Did any section particularly engage your attention? Did any sections drag? 1) Now that you have finished the novel, reread the epigraph: “If I could do it, I’d do no writing at all here. It would be photographs; the rest would be fragments of cloth, bits of cotton, lumps of earth, records of speech, pieces of wood and iron, phials of odors, plates of food and of excrement… A piece of body torn out by the roots might be more to the point.” -- James Agee, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men What new understanding do you now have of this quote? Why do you think Jordan chose this quote to be our first impression of her novel? Had you read the epigraph before beginning the novel? If not, would it have altered your initial impressions? Thinking back, what were your first impressions of the novel? Had you read a summary before beginning the actual novel? In what ways did the novel fulfill your expectations? 19 2)Reread the first paragraph: “Henry and I dug the hole seven feet deep. Any shallower and the corpse was liable to come rising up during the next big flood: Howdy boys! Remember me? The thought of it kept us digging even after the blisters on our palms had burst, re-formed and burst again. Every shovelful was an agony – the old man, getting in his last licks. Still, I was glad of the pain. It shoved away thought and memory.” What was the effect of starting the novel with Pappy’s burial? How did presenting the events of the novel as a flashback influence your enjoyment? 3) Jordan begins the novel with Jamie’s perspective and ends with Ronsel’s. Why do you think Jordan began with Jamie? Why end with Ronsel? Which narrator’s perspective did you enjoy reading the most? The least? Which of the six perspectives could have been eliminated – if any? Any other perspectives, not included, that you would have enjoyed / found interesting? How would Pappy’s perspective have altered the novel? 4) On page 5 we first hear the word “nigger”: “’We can’t bury our father in a nigger’s grave…’” How did this influence your early impressions of the novel? Jordan, a white woman, tackles the subject of race from a number of different perspectives. How would you describe her understanding of post-WWII rural Mississippi? 5) As an ex-English teacher, Laura uses many literary allusions when we first get to know her – from Dickens’ David Copperfield (13) to Melville and the Brontes (20) to Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (23). In order for an allusion to be effective, the reader must recognize and understand its significance. Was Laura’s comparison of Jamie to Puck effective? 6) Jamie studies the fine arts in college and is drawn to acting. Near the end, when Ronsel comes upon a very inebriated Jamie, he (Jamie) quotesfrom Shakespeare’s Othello: “Oh God, that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains!” (252). Other than a shared interest in the fine arts, what else attracts Laura to Jamie? What eventually ends this attraction and gives Laura a greater appreciation for Henry? Is her new appreciation well-founded, in your opinion? 20 7) At the beginning, Laura attempts to piece together the cause and effect events that result in Pappy’s murder: “my father-in-law was murdered because I was born plain rather than pretty… Because Henry saved Jamie from drowning in the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Because Pappy sold the land that should have been Henry’s. Because Jamie flew too many bombing missions in the war. Because a negro named Ronsel Jackson shone too brightly. Because a man neglected his wife, and a father betrayed his son, and a mother exacted vengeance… It’s tempting to believe that what happened on the farm was inevitable; that in fact all the events of our lives are as predetermined as the moves in a game of tic-tac-toe: Start in the middle square and no one wins. Start in one of the corners and the game is yours. And if you don’t start, if you let the other person start? You lose, simple as that… The truth isn’t so simple. Death may be inevitable, but love is not. Love you have to choose…” (14) Who do you hold most responsible for Pappy’s death? Do you agree that it is tempting to believe our lives are predetermined? Why might that belief be tempting? 8) Early on, Jamie states “So much of who I am and what I’ve done is because of Henry.” (33). Why did Jamie believe this? Is there anyone in your life you might say that about? 9) When reflecting on her intimacy with Jamie, Laura states: “If Henry hadn’t been so stubborn. If there hadn’t been a ball game on. If Eboline had taken better care of her trees.” (238) Was physical intimacy inevitable between Laura and Jamie? Did you empathize with Laura after it happened – why / not? 10) Notice how even the most sympathetic of the white characters (Laura, Jamie, Henry) are products of their time with regard to race. How did their views of “colored” people affect your opinion of them or your enjoyment of the novel? 11) Henry and Hap are both described as “landsick” by Florence. What does this mean? 12) Notice how Jordan juxtaposes the inhumanity toward “coloreds” with the inhumanity of the Nazis and even the distinction between “air-men” and infantry who fought on the ground. Why causes this need for division and judgment in human nature? 21 13) Laura describes a mother’s love for her sons: “I wanted the fiercer, less complicated love, unsullied by judgment and comparisons to one’s own self…” (169). We then see a mother’s desperate desire to avenge her son when Florence intends to kill Pappy. Do you agree with Laura that a mother’s love for her daughters is different that her love for her sons? 14) Notice the last paragraph of part II when Jamie has offered Ronsel future rides to town. Ronsel nods his head, “And in that moment, sealed his fate. Maybe that’s cowardly of me, making Ronsel the trigger finger. There are other ways to look at it, other turning points I could pick, eeny, meeny, miny, moe: When that car backfired. When he got in the cab of the truck. When I handed him the whiskey. But I think it was right then, when he stood half-drunk in the rain and nodded his head. And I believe Ronsel would tell you the same thing, if you could ask him, and he could answer.” (212). Do you agree with Jamie that Ronsel would believe this decision sealed his fate? How do you react to Jamie’s choice in the sawmill? Do you judge him (why/not)? 15) Florence describes Ronsel as having “A shine so bright it hurt your eyes sometimes but you still had to look at it.” (163). The novel concludes with a possible ending for Ronsel that includes fulfillment and happiness: “That’s the ending we want, you and me both. I’ll grant you it’s unlikely, but it is possible. If he worked and prayed hard enough. If he was stubborn as well as lucky. If he really had a shine.” (324). What does Jordan mean by “shine”? Is this ending feasible or realistic? Were you satisfied with it? Wrap up Questions! 1. 2. 3. 4. Would you recommend the book to others? (Why/not) If you could change anything, what would it be? Would you read a sequel of this novel? Should this novel be taught in college and universities? High schools? 22 Mudbound – Reviews: For a list of reviews: http://www.reviewsofbooks.com/mudbound/ From Powell’s Books: Review: "Jordan's beautiful debut (winner of the 2006 Bellwether Prize for literature of social responsibility) carries echoes of As I Lay Dying, complete with shifts in narrative voice, a body needing burial, flood and more. In 1946, Laura McAllan, a college-educated Memphis schoolteacher, becomes a reluctant farmer's wife when her husband, Henry, buys a farm on the Mississippi Delta, a farm she aptly nicknames Mudbound. Laura has difficulty adjusting to life without electricity, indoor plumbing, readily accessible medical care for her two children and, worst of all, life with her live-in misogynous, racist, father-in-law. Her days become easier after Florence, the wife of Hap Jackson, one of their black tenants, becomes more important to Laura as companion than as hired help. Catastrophe is inevitable when two young WWII veterans, Henry's brother, Jamie, and the Jacksons' son, Ronsel, arrive, both battling nightmares from horrors they've seen, and both unable to bow to Mississippi rules after eye-opening years in Europe. Jordan convincingly inhabits each of her narrators, though some descriptive passages can be overly florid, and the denouement is a bit maudlin. But these are minor blemishes on a superbly rendered depiction of the fury and terror wrought by racism." Publishers Weekly (Copyright Reed Business Information, Inc.) Review: "Hillary Jordan's first novel, 'Mudbound,' arrives emblazoned with the Bellwether Prize, a biennial award established in 1999 by Barbara Kingsolver 'to support a literature of social responsibility.' That sounds like wearing a 'Kick Me' sign on the literary playground, but sneer all you want, O Decadent Literati. These judges know that 'social commentary in our art is frequently viewed with suspicion,'..." Washington Post Book Review (read the entire Washington Post review) Winner of the Bellwether Prize for Fiction, Mudbound is storytelling at the height of its powers: "the ache of wrongs not yet made right, the fierce attendance of history made real" (Barbara Kingsolver), as men and women from two families become players in a tragedy on the grandest scale. 23 Mudbound – Further reading! If you enjoyed Jordan’s dark, Gothic, Southern storytelling style… Try anything by William Faulkner or Flannery O’Connor. I particularly recommend: As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner From Amazon.com Faulkner's distinctive narrative structures--the uses of multiple points of view and the inner psychological voices of the characters--in one of its most successful incarnations here in As I Lay Dying. In the story, the members of the Bundren family must take the body of Addie, matriarch of the family, to the town where Addie wanted to be buried. Along the way, we listen to each of the members on the macabre pilgrimage, while Faulkner heaps upon them various flavors of disaster. Contains the famous chapter completing the equation about mothers and fish--you'll see. Barn Burning by William Falkner (short story – kit available for only $9.99! ) The story deals with class conflicts, the influence of fathers, and vengeance as viewed through the perspective of a young, impressionable child. And, by Flannery O’Connor – A Good Man is Hard to Find (short story) A Good Man is Hard to Find includes: “a contrast of violent action with humorously and carefully drawn characters and a philosophy that underscores her devout Roman Catholic faith…The story is disturbing and humorous at the same time.” 24 If you are ready for something a bit more uplifting and enjoy memoir… Try Life is Good by George Dawson From Publishers Weekly A 101-year-old retired laborer who enrolled in a literacy class near his Dallas, Tex., home at the age of 98, George Dawson now reads and writes on a third-grade level. From Dawson's eloquent words, co-writer Glaubman, a Seattle elementary school teacher, has fashioned two engrossing stories. First is the inspiring saga of how someone who was the grandson of a slave managed to navigate the brutally segregated small Texas town of Marshall, where Dawson was born, without losing his integrity or enjoyment of life. Although he worked from an early age and was never able to attend school, Dawson credits his strong family, especially his father, for giving him the skills to survive. His father told him to work hard, to do no wrong and always to avoid trouble with white people--advice that was brutally underscored the day he and his father witnessed a white mob lynching a black neighbor. The other theme running through these recollections is the institutionalized racism of the American South. Hardened to the entrenched discrimination that excluded him from good jobs and "white" restaurants and rest rooms, Dawson protested just once, when a woman for whom he was doing yard work expected him to eat with her dogs. Despite the harsh conditions of his life, he considers himself fortunate to have enjoyed food, housing, friends and family (he has outlived four wives and fathered seven children). 25