World History Exam Term 3 2011 Study Guide
Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1 point each
1. One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting
A scenes that appeared two-dimensional. B stylized rather than realistic people. C large, Gothic-style buildings.
D well-known people of the day.
2. Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists
F rejected the learning of Greece and Rome. G used Latin as their language for scholarship.
more on worldly subjects. I tended to focus more on spirituality.
3. The purpose of the Council of Trent was to
A fight Protestantism by rooting out heresy. B spread the Catholic faith to distant lands.
the vernacular. D direct the reform of the Catholic Church.
H tended
C translate
to focus
the Bible into
4. The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts is called the
F Reformation. G Middle Ages. H Renaissance. I Medieval Enlightenment.
5. The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist
A Michelangelo Buonarroti. B Leonardo da Vinci. C Piero della Francesca.
D Sandro
Botticelli.
6. What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England?
F Henry VIII wanted a divorce. G Henry VIII converted to Lutheranism. H The pope would not end Church
corruption. I The pope rejected the Act of Supremacy.
7. What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation?
A It stopped using the Inquisition to fight Protestantism. B It revised and updated many traditional Catholic
beliefs. C It restored a version of the Book of Common Prayer. D It provided penalties for corruption among the
clergy.
8. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a
F possible explanation to be tested. G conclusion that should not be questioned.
understanding. I truth known at the start of an inquiry.
H truth
that leads to
9. The Line of Demarcation divided world trade and exploration rights between the
A Portuguese and Dutch. B Spanish and Portuguese. C Spanish and English. D English and Dutch.
10. In Ming China, why did European traders pay for Chinese silks and porcelains in gold or silver instead of
exchanging trade goods?
F The Chinese did not want inferior European trade goods. G The Europeans had more gold and silver than trade
goods. H The Chinese offered lower prices when paid in gold or silver. I Gold and silver was easier for the
Europeans to transport.
11. The islands that Christopher Columbus explored in his voyage in 1492 later became known as
A the West Indies. B the East Indies. C the Philippines. D the Aleutians.
12. To conquer the Aztec empire, Hernán Cortés
F formed alliances with conquered people who hated the Aztecs. G gained control of the Aztecs by converting
them to Christianity. H persuaded the Aztecs that European trade would be beneficial. I overwhelmed the Aztecs
with a superior number of Spanish soldiers.
13. The conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish
empire was
A Olaudah Equiano. B Hernán Cortés. C Francisco Pizarro. D Doña Marina.
14. At the top of Spanish colonial society were the
F creoles. G peninsulares. H mestizos. I mulattoes.
15. Through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494,
A Pizarro made peace with the Incas. B Cortés made peace with the Aztecs.
D Portugal claimed its empire of Brazil.
C Spain
claimed its empire of Brazil.
16. Widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid-1500s due to the increasing amounts of
F silver and gold from the Americas. G food shipments from the Americas. H slave labor from the Americas.
I raw materials from the Americas.
17. What mercantilist policy was designed to protect local industries from foreign competition?
A Governments imposed new national currency systems. B Tariffs lowered the price of imported goods.
C Europeans could not purchase certain imported goods. D Tariffs increased the price of imported goods.
18. How did Spain try to change its American colonies with the New Laws of the Indies in 1542?
F The laws kept the colonists from trading in African slaves. G The laws freed both African and Native American
slaves. H The laws forbade enslavement and abuse of Native Americans. I The laws banned the import of goods
made with slave labor.
19. What is true about the economic system of capitalism?
A It measures a nation’s real wealth in gold and silver. B It encourages tariffs, or taxes on imported goods.
encourages bank ownership of most businesses. D It encourages private ownership of most businesses.
20. The establishment of the “putting-out system” would later lead to
F capital and labor joining for the first time. G community-owned manufacturing businesses.
to increase industrial production. I capitalist-owned factories of the Industrial Revolution.
21. Joint stock companies allowed early European capitalists to
A control the effects of inflation. B negotiate treaties with foreign nations.
D organize guilds to protect workers.
C raise
H the
C It
use of guilds
large amounts of capital.
22. The period in European history in the 1500s when rising inflation rose rapidly is known as
F the profit revolution. G the price revolution. H the capitalist revolution. I the stock revolution.
23. An important goal of Philip II of Spain was to
A defend the Catholic Reformation. B make peace with England.
D promote religious freedom.
C end
the Inquisition in the Netherlands.
24. In 1598, the Edict of Nantes helped to ensure
F that France and Spain would not unite. G that Germans could choose their own religion.
would not be persecuted. I that French Protestants would not be persecuted.
H that
French Catholics
25. What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution?
A absolute monarchy B republic C limited monarchy D democracy
26. Under the rule of Catherine the Great,
F taxes increased for wealthy landowners. G conditions improved for Russian peasants.
cultural link with the West. I Russia seized lands in eastern Poland.
H Russia
ended its
27. How did Louis XIV govern France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister?
A He took complete control of the government. B He ruled in partnership with the Estates General. C He tried to
share power with all French social classes. D He established a republic known as the Commonwealth.
28. Louis XIV appointed royal officials from the middle class to his bureaucracy because
F he wanted to hear their ideas about governing France. G the appointments persuaded them to support the arts.
H they asked to participate in his morning levée ritual. I they helped to check the power of the nobles and Church.
29. Which group consisted of dissenters who sought to change Catholic practices in the Church of England?
A Jacobins B Huguenots C Puritans D Cavaliers
30. Which of the following was one result of the English Bill of Rights of 1689?
F The two-party system of government was established. G The prime minister became the chief government
official. H The monarch could not interfere in parliamentary debates. I All dissenters were granted limited
religious freedom.
31. One effect of the Thirty Years’ War was
A the unification of Germany. B the outlawing of mercenaries.
severe depopulation of Europe.
32. By 1750, Prussia and Austria
F were competing to develop their overseas empires.
taken major steps toward constitutional government.
C the
end of the Holy Roman Empire.
D the
G were
I had
battling for control of the German states. H had
agreed to work together against their chief foe, Russia.
33. How did Peter the Great gain territory for Russia along the Baltic Sea?
A He seized territory from the Ottomans. B He signed a treaty with Quing China.
Sweden. D He won a long war with Denmark.
C He
won a long war with
34. What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and
society?
F natural right G social contract H natural law I divine right
35. In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal
A property rights. B education. C voting rights. D employment opportunities.
36. Physiocrats supported a government policy of
F laissez faire. G tariffs. H mercantilism. I trade regulation.
37. Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they
A wrote fiction. B challenged the old order. C supported traditional ideas.
38. An enlightened despot was a ruler who
F influenced political and social change.
satire to expose corruption.
G gave
up absolute power.
D wrote
H allowed
in salons.
limited voting rights.
I wrote
39. Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the
A Reformation. B Glorious Revolution. C Scientific Revolution. D Renaissance.
40. According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is
F a federal republic. G a democracy. H a theocracy. I an absolute monarchy.
41. The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which
Enlightenment thinker?
A Montesquieu B Voltaire C Rousseau D Diderot
42. Diderot’s Encyclopedia was important because it
F compiled classical Greek and Roman works. G spread Enlightenment ideas.
with moveable type. I was the first publication to include articles by women.
H was
the first publication printed
43. Economist Adam Smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of
A wages and prices. B saving and investment. C supply and demand. D manufacturing and trade.
44. What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights of the people?
F Thomas Hobbes G Voltaire H René Descartes I John Locke
45. Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by
A writing in Latin. B disguising their ideas as fiction. C putting false covers on their books.
class system.
D supporting
a strict
46. During the Enlightenment, what argument did government and church officials use to justify their war of
censorship?
F A strict class system ensures social justice. G The old order reflects natural law. H God set up the old order.
I The old order respects Roman tradition.
47. In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type of trade with Spanish America?
A tea B molasses C cotton D slaves
48. The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between
F branches of the state government. G national and state governments. H two houses of parliament.
government and the people.
49. In France’s old order, the clergy belonged to the
A First Estate. B Second Estate. C Third Estate.
D Fourth
I the
Estate.
50. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled on the
F United States Constitution. G British Magna Carta. H United States Bill of Rights.
Independence.
51. What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon?
A scorched-earth policy B Continental System C Waterloo Strategy
I American
Declaration of
D blockades
52. The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by
F restoring Napoleon to the throne. G restoring hereditary monarchies.
I combining France and Belgium.
H establishing
a republic in France.
53. In France’s old order, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeoisie?
A nobles B clergy C peasants D merchants
54. In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the National Assembly
were from the
F First Estate. G Second Estate. H Third Estate. I Fourth Estate.
55. Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about
A a reduction in taxes. B the overthrow of Louis XVI. C a just constitution. D the fall of the Bastille.
56. The poorest members of the Third Estate were
F urban workers. G bourgeois families H nuns and priests.
I philosophes.
57. The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to
A reduce the price of bread. B return to Paris. C open government jobs to the poor.
D give
up the throne.
58. Robespierre believed that France could achieve a “republic of virtue” only through
F extending suffrage to more citizens. G electing a strong, absolute ruler. H the use of terror.
religious laws.
I observing
strict
59. During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of
A Louis XVI. B the National Assembly. C the Committee of Public Safety. D Napoleon.
60. Under the Napoleonic Code
F men regained complete authority over their wives. G most Enlightenment principles were abandoned.
practice of religion was banned. I many aspects of feudalism were restored.
61. The Continental System was a form of
H the
A government.
B economic
warfare.
C social
62. Napoleon’s final defeat was at the
F Battle of Waterloo. G Battle of the Nations.
class system.
H Battle
D oppression
of Moscow.
through terror.
I Battle
of Austerlitz.
63. A major goal of the decision makers at the Congress of Vienna was to
A restore the sans-culottes to power in France. B divide France among the victors.
uprisings throughout Europe. D destroy Napoleon’s forces at Waterloo.
C suppress
revolutionary
64. During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?
F People migrated from villages to work on large farms. G People began selling their goods instead of trading
them. H People learned to use machines to make their own clothes. I People migrated from rural areas to cities.
65. The cotton gin was a machine that could
A spin thread. B weave thread into cloth.
C remove
insects from raw cotton.
D separate
seeds from raw cotton.
66. The first factories developed in what industry?
F textiles G agriculture H coal mining I iron manufacturing
67. “The greatest happiness for the greatest number” was a goal of
A utilitarianism. B socialism. C capitalism. D communism.
68. Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed that it
F limited the individual freedoms of the people. G created prosperity for a few and poverty for many.
H discouraged labor unions. I prevented government from protecting workers.
69. Land enclosure in the 1600s and 1700s resulted in
A more farms. B more peasant farmers. C larger farms.
D more
fenced farms.
70. The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain by
F creating a large factory workforce. G bringing in investment capital.
demand for goods.
71. The putting-out system was a method of
A removing iron from its ore. B separating seeds from cotton.
thread with water power.
H providing
C producing
cheap labor.
I increasing
cloth in individual homes.
the
D spinning
72. The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of the
F bourgeoisie. G upper class. H middle class. I working class.
73. Most early factory workers were women because
A more women than men sought employment. B employers could pay women less than men.
likely than men to have accidents. D women were more willing than men to work long hours.
74. Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?
F a general decline in the standard of living G the overall poverty of the working class
standard of living I an overall decline in population
75. According to laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was
A welfare. B laws requiring factories to increase wages. C popular reform movements.
market.
Ha
C women
were less
general rise in the
D an
unrestricted free
76. According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was
F armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat. G individual ownership of the means of production. H shared
ownership by the people of the means of production. I the charity and good works of the religious community.
77. Which group established communities where all work is shared and all property is owned in common?
A Communists B capitalists C Utopians D Utilitarians
78. Creating a homeland for people who shared a common heritage was a major goal of
F revolutionaries. G liberals. H conservatives. I nationalists.
79. After independence, Britain, France, and Russia pressured the Greeks to accept a German king because
A the European powers did not support the revolution’s nationalist ideals. B the European powers wanted to create
a unified Europe. C the European powers did not believe the Greeks could successfully govern themselves. D the
European powers feared the Greeks would ally with Austria.
80. In 1815, why did the Congress of Vienna unite the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) and the Kingdom
of Holland?
F The Belgians wanted to unite with Holland due to their similar cultures. G The Dutch wanted to unite to expand
trade. H The Congress wanted to create a strong barrier to French expansion. I Austria no longer wanted to rule
over Belgian revolutionaries.
81. What major event occurred during “February Days” in France in 1848?
A Charles X abdicated. B Louis Philippe abdicated. C Louis Napoleon was elected president.
became emperor.
D Louis
Napoleon
82. During the “June Days” in France, why did the peasants attack protesting socialist workers?
F They feared the socialists would take their land. G They were fighting to restore the monarchy. H They feared
the socialists would take away their right to vote. I They feared the socialists would take away their right to start
businesses.
83. Toussaint L’Ouverture led a revolt that eventually resulted in independence for
A Mexico. B Brazil. C Haiti. D Argentina.
84. Father Miguel Hidalgo’s “el Grito de Dolores” was a
F call for the creoles to pray. G petition to the U.S. government to free the slaves.
independence. I constitution for the United Provinces of Central America.
H call
to fight for Mexican
85. What event spurred Simón Bolívar and his followers to begin the struggle for independence?
A the revolt in Haiti B the constitution forced on the Spanish king C the execution of Father Morelos
D Napoleon’s occupation of Spain
86. What event in Europe in 1808 encouraged widespread rebellion in Latin America?
F The Italian states set up independent republics. G Napoleon ousted the Spanish king.
demanded independence. I Serbia rebeled against the Ottomans.
H Hungarian
nationalists
87. What was the result of the revolutionary uprising in Belgium in the 1830s?
A Belgium became an independent state with a liberal constitution. B French forces invaded Belgium to suppress
the rebellion. C British forces invaded Belgium to aid the rebels. D Belgium and Holland were united under the
Dutch king.
88. Conservatives of the early 1800s believed in
F natural rights. G constitutional government.
H universal
manhood suffrage.
89. Liberals strongly supported laissez-faire economics as the best way to
A improve the lives of working-class people. B help businesses succeed.
D bring about national unity.
I the
restoration of monarchies.
C maintain
social and political stability.
90. Milos Obrenovic was able to win Russian support for Serb independence because
F he promised the Russians a portion of Serb territory in exchange for their aid. G he promised the Russians that
Serbs would support the Russian Revolution. H the Russians and Serbs shared a common language and religion.
I the Russians and Serbs both sought freedom from Ottoman rule.
91. Louis Philippe was called the “citizen king” because
A he
did not come from royal heritage. B he treated people of all classes equally.
native of France. D he owed his throne to the people.
92. The Second Republic in France ended when
F Louis Napoleon became emperor. G Louis Philippe became emperor.
Republic began.
H Louis
93. What was the result of the 1830 revolt in Poland?
A Poland set up a constitutional monarchy. B Russian forces crushed the revolt.
republic. D Russia, Austria, and Prussia divided up Poland.
C unlike
other kings, he was a
Napoleon abdicated.
C Poland
I the
Third
became an independent
94. What contributed to the overwhelming majority of French voters that supported Louis Napoleon and his Second
Empire?
F His plans for a socialist state appealed to workers. G He promised to maintain the principles of the Second
Republic. H Many voters thought a monarchy was more stable than a republic. I Many voters were impressed by
his plans for universal suffrage.
95. Uprisings sparked by the dismantling of the Charter of French Liberties forced the abdication of
A Charles X. B Louis Philippe. C Louis XVIII. D Napoleon III.
96. In the 1700s, Latin American political and social life was dominated by the
F creoles. G mulattoes. H mestizos. I peninsulares.
97. What was a goal of revolutionaries in the Italian states in 1848?
A to unite the Italian states into one country B to overthrow King Frederick William IV C to end French
occupation of northern Italy D to end Hapsburg domination and set up constitutional governments
98. For a short time after liberation from Spanish rule, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama were part of a single nation
called
F the United Provinces of Central America. G Gran Colombia. H New Granada. I Hispaniola.
99. Unlike revolutions in other Latin American countries, Haiti’s fight for freedom was
A achieved without bloodshed. B led by a priest. C carried out by slaves. D aided by British troops.
100. Which revolutionary leader helped Argentina win freedom from Spain?
F Toussaint L’Ouverture G Agustín de Iturbide H José de San Martín I Simón Bolívar