WORLD HISTORY
CHAPTER 15 STUDY QUESTIONS
1. How did Hernan Cortes conquer the Aztec Empire? Pg 474
FORMED ALLIANCES WITH CONQUREED PEOPLE WHO HATED THE AZTECS
2. Who was the conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru,
Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish empire? Pg 475
Francisco Pizarro
3. Who was at the top of the Spanish colonial society? Pg 480
PENINSULARES
4. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494? Pg 481
PORTURGAL CLAIMED IT EMPIRE OF BRAZIL
5. What was the first leg of the triangular trade route? Pg 487
BROUGHT EUROPEAN GOODS TO AFRICA
6. What was an estimate of the number of Africans that probably died in passage to the
Americas during the Atlantic slave trade? Pg 498
2 MILLION
7. What widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid-1500s due to the increasing
amounts? pg 492
SILVER AND GOLD FROM THE AMERICANS
8. What mercantilist policy was designed to protect local industries from foreign
competition? Pg 495 TARIFFS INCREASED THE PRICE OF IMPORTED
GOODS
VOCABULARY
9. Mercantilism- economic system based on a nation exporting more than it imported to
build up its gold and silver reserves
10.Middle Passage- the trade route that transported African slaves to the Americans
11.Encomienda- used to force Native Americans to labor under brutal conditions
CHAPTER 16 STUDY QUESTIONS
12. What was a major threat to the empire of Charles V? pg 504
OTTOMANS ADVANCING ACROSS EUROPE
13. What was an important goal of Philip II of Spain? Pg 508
DEFEND THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION
14. What did the Edict of Nates help to ensure in 1598? Pg 510
THAT FRENCH PROTESTANTS WOULD NOT BE PERSECUTED
15. How did the Huguenots departure hurt France in 1680s?pg 514
SERIOUSLY HURT THE FRENCH ECONOMY
16. When the Long Parliament met what did Charles I requested funds
for?
pg 517
SUPPRESS A SCOTTISH REBELLION
17. What type of government was created in England by the Glorious
Revolution? Pg522
LIMITED MONARCHY
2
18. What was a result of the treaty known as the Peace of Westphalia in
1648? Pg 527
FRANCE GAINED TERRITORY ON ITS SPANISH AND GERMAN
FRONITERS
19. What did Maria Theresa do to strengthen the Hapsburg Empire?
pg 529
SHE REORGANIZED THE HAPSBURG BUREAUCRACY
20. Why did Peter the Great wage war against the Ottoman Empire?
Pg 531-32
GAIN A WARM-WARTER PORT ON THE BLACK SEA
21. What did lands did Catherine the Great take for Russia? Pg 535
RUSSIA SEIZED LANDS IN EASTERN POLAND
VOCABULARY
22. Partitions-the division of Poland among Russia, Prussia and Austria
23. Divine Right-the belief that a monarch’s authority comes directly
from God
24. Mercenaries-a soldier for hire
25. Electors-German princes who chose the Holy Roman emperor
3
CHAPTER 17 STUDY QUESTIONS
26. What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to
apply to the study of human behavior peasants?
Chap 17 / pg 544
NATURAL LAW
27. What did Mary Wollstonecraft argue in A Vindication of the Rights
of Woman, that women and men should have?
Chap 17 / pg 547
Education
28. What kind of a government policy did Physiocrats support?
Chap 17 / pg 548
Laissez faire
29. Why did Enlightenment writers often face censorship?
Chap 17 / pg 551
They challenged the old order
30. Who was an enlightened despot ruler? Chap 17 / pg 553
INFLUENCED POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGE
VOCABULARY-DEFINE IN COMPLETE SENTENCES
30. Salon-informal social gathering where Enlightenment thinkers
exchanged ideas
31. Laissez Faire-policy allowing business to operate with little or no
government interference
32. Social contract-an agreement by which people gave up their freedom
in exchange for security and stability
4
33. Natural law-rules of conduct discoverable by reason
35. Popular sovereignty-principle that all government power comes from
the people
CHAPTER 18 STUDY QUESTIONS
36. What was the name of the enlightenment thinker who influenced the
writing of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
( chap 18 pg 555)
VOTAIRE
37. Who was the clergy who belong to the French oldest order? (chap 18
pg 572)
FIRST ESTATE
38. Why was Louis XVI forced to dismiss his financial advisor, Jacques
Necker?
Chap 18 / pg 575
NECKER PROPOSED TAXING THE FIRST AND SECOND ESTATES
39. What is one important result of the Estates General?
Chap 18 / pg 577
THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
40. What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
modeled after?
(Chap 18 pg 579)
AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
41. How did the National Assembly pay off the huge government debt?
Pg 581
SELLING CHURCH LANDS
5
42. Who carried out the trials and executions during the Reign of Terror
under whose authority? Pg 586 THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC
SAFTEY
43. Who dominated the political force after the Reign of Terror gave way
to the Directory phase of the revolution?
Chap 18 / pg 588
BOURGEOISIE
44. Which country was able to remain outside Napoleon’s European
empire?
(Chap 18-pg 594)
BRITAIN
45. What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon?
(Chap 18 pg 597)
SOCRCHED-EARTH POLICY
46. What did the Congress of Vienna promote the principle of legitimacy?
Chap 18 / 600
RESTORING HEREDIITARY MONARCHIES
47. During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?
Chap 18 / pg 608
PEOPLE MIGRATED FROM RURAL AREAS ATO CITIES
VOCABULARY
48. Napoleonic Code-group of laws that reflecting Enlightenment
principles
49. Continental System-war tactic in which Napoleon closed European
ports to British goods
50. Ancien Regime-the old order in which France was divided into three
social classes
6
51. Plebiscite-popular vote by ballot
52. Bourgeoisie-French middle class
CHAPTER 19 STUDY QUESTIONS
53. The first factories developed in what industry?
(Chap 19 pg 614)
TEXTILES
54. What did the cotton gin do? (chap 19 pg 614)
SEPARATE SEEDS FROM RAW COTTON
55. How did life change in a basic way during the Industrial Revolution?
Chap 19 / pg 608
PEOPLE MIGRATED FROM RURAL AREAS TO CITIES
56. What were the Luddites?
(Chap 19 / pg 618)
LABOR ORGANIZATION
57. What did Abraham Darby’s experiments led him to in the early
1700’s?
(Chap 19 / pg 611)
PRODUCE LESS EXPENSIVE, BETTER-QUALITY IRON
58. What did David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages” say?
(Chap 19 /pg 623)
WAGE INCREASES WILL NOT RAISE THE STANDARD OF LIVING
OF POOR FAMILIES
59. What was the goal of the utilitarianism? (chap 19 pg 623)
7
THE GREATES HAPPINESS FOR THE GRATEST NUMBER
60. Germany formed a social democracy in the 1860s to change
gradually into to what? (Chap 19 pg 626)
FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM
61. Why did Karl Marx despise capitalism? (Chap 19 pg 626)
CRATED PROSPERITY FOR A FEW AND POVERTY
VOCABULARY
62. Turnpike-a private toll road
63. Enterprise-a business organization in areas such as hipping, mining,
or factories
64. Tenement-an apartment building for the working class
65. Proletariat-the working class
66. Entrepreneurs- someone who mangos and assumes the financial
risk of new businesses
CHAPTER 20 STUDY QUESTIONS
67. What was the Concert of Europe?
(Chap 20 / pg 634)
SUPPORT ED THE OLD ORDER
8
68. What is it called when people create a homeland for people who
share a common heritage with a major goal?
(Chap 20 /pg 635)
NATIONLLISTS
69. Why did Britain, France, and Russia pressure the Greeks to accept a
German king after independence?
(Chap 20 / pg 637) THE EUROPEAN POWERS DID NOT SUPPORT
THE REVOLUTION’S NATIONALIST IDEALS
70. In 1815, why did the Congress of Vienna unite the Austrian
Netherland (present-day Belgium) and the Kingdom of Holland?
(Chap 20 / pg 639/40)
THE CONGRESS WATED TO CREATE A STRONG BARRIED TO
French expansion
71. What major event occurred during “February Days” in France in
1848?
(Chap 20 pg 641/42)
Louis Philippe abdicated
72. Why did the peasants attack protesting socialist workers during the
“June Day”?
(Chap 20 pg 642)
73. What was revolt did Toussaint L’Ouverture led which resulted in an
independence for a country?(chap 20 pg 64)
Haiti
74. What event spurred Simon Bolivar and his followers to begin the
struggle for independence? (chap 20 pg 648)
Napoleon’s occupation of Spain
9
VOCABULARY
75. Recession-a period in which economic activity slows
76. Radicals-people who favor extreme change
77. Ideology-a system of thought and belief
78. Autonomy-self-rule
WORLD HISTORY
CHAPTER 21 STUDY QUESTION
79. Why did Japan rapidly industrialize after 1868 even though it lacked
many basic resources ?Pg 662
Japanese political leaders placed a high priority on modernization
80. What is the name of the production method in which workers
repeatedly perform one task in the manufacturing process? Pg 663
THE ASSEMBLY LINE
81. Why did the population of Europe explode between 1800 and 1900?
Pg 667
MEDICAL ADVANCES REDUCED THE DEATH RATE
82. What does the saying “A man’s home is his castle” reflected what
middle-class value of the late 1800’s? Pg 675
CULT OF DOMESTICITY
83. What was the purpose of Normal Schools was to train students for
what career? Pg 677
TEACHER
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84. Name the theory that applied natural selection to society. Pg 680
SOCIAL DARWINISM
85. What was the major difference between middle class and working
class women? Pg 682
WORKING CLASS WOMEN USALLY WORKED OUTSIDE THE HOME
VOCABULARY
86. Temperance movement-Advocated limiting or banning the use of
alcoholic beverages
87. Urban renewal-rebuilding poor areas of a city
88. Stock-shares of ownership in a corporation
89. Standard of Living-a measure of quality and availability of
necessities and comforts in a society
90. Women’s Suffrage-reform movement concerned with voting right
CHAPTER 22 STUDY QUESTIONS
91. In 1830’s, why did Prussia create a union called the Zollverein,
which promoted German unity by doing what? Pg 693
REMOVING TARIFF BARRIES BARRIERS BETWEEN GERMAN STATES
92. What were Bismarck’s political actions guided by in his practice of
Realpolitik? Pg 694
THE NEEDS OF THE STATE
11
93. Why did William II ask Bismarck to resign? Pg 699
WILLIAM II WANTED NO RIVALS
94. Why did Bismarck introduce many social reforms in German to avoid
what? Pg 698
AVOID A SOCIALIST REVOLUTION
95. Who did German industrialists cooperate with to create new
products such as synthetic dyes? Pg 7697
SCIENTISTS
96. What form of government did Italy take when it unified? pg 704
A CONSTITUTONAL MONARCHY
97. What was one obstacle to Italian unity? Pg 700
IDENTIFICATION WITH LOCAL REGIONS
98. What was the Dual Monarchy a combination of? Pg706
AUSTRIA NAD HUNGARY
99. What was one obstacle to progress in Russia in the 1800’s? pg 710
A RIGID SOCIAL STRUCTURE
100. What program did Tsar Alexander III launch of Russification?
Pg 712
SUPPRESSED NON-Russian cultures within the empire
VOCABULARY
101. Social Welfare-government programs to help certain groups of
citizens
12
102. Pogrom-violent mob attack against Jews
103. Anarchist-a person who wants to abolish all governments
104. Kaiser-title of William I of Germany; emperor
105. Duma-elected national legislature in Russia
CHAPTER 23 STUDY QUESTION
106. In 1832, how did large towns and cities in Britain receive greater
representation in the Parliament?
Pg 723
THE GREAT REFORM ACT
107. What form of government did Great Britain adopt in the late 1800s?
pg 724/25
A PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
108. Who supported the British Corn Laws? Pg 726/27
FARMERS AND WEALTHY LANDOWENERS, BECAUSE THEY KEPT
GRAIN PRICES HIGH
109. What were the results of the Catholic Emancipation Act in Ireland in
1829?
Pg 729
IRISH CATHOLICS WERE ALLOWED TO VOTE AND HOLD OFFICE
13
110. Why did France’s Second Empire end? Pg 733
FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR
111. What was one result of the social welfare reforms passed in Great
Britain in the early 1900s? pg 729
MARXISM GAINED ONLY LIMITED SUPPORT AMONG THE BRITISH
WORKING CLASS
112. What was a result of widespread anti-Semitism in Europe in the late
1800s? pg 737
THEODOR HERZL HELPED TO LAUNCH MODERN ZIONIZM
113. At this time, how was the power of the Roman Catholic Church in
French government limited?
Pg 738
CREATED A SYSTEM OF FREE PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
VOCABULARY
114. Coalition-AN ALLIANCE OF DIFFERENT POLITICAL PARTIES
115. Abolition Movement-campaign against slavery and the slave trade
116. Zionism-movement devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine
117. Home Rule-local self-government
14
118. Electorate-the body of people allowed to vote
CHAPTER 24 STUDY QUESTION
119. What was the Social Darwinist argument in favor of Western
imperialism? Pg 751
WESTERNERS THOUGHT THEY HAD A DUTY TO BRING THEIR
CIVILIZATION TO INDERIOR RACES
120. Name the colony founded by Great Britain for freed slaves. Pg 755
SIERRA LEONE
121. Why did David Livingstone believe would end with the opening of the
interior of Africa to Christianity and trade? Pg 756
END THE SLAVE TRADE
122. Why did the Boer War start? Pg 758
THE DISCOVERY OF GOLD AND DIAMONDAS ON Boer-held lands
123. Why was Ethiopia able to remain independent? Pg 759
ETHIOPIA MODERNIZED AND IMPORTED EUROPEAN WAPONS
124. The desire to return to the purity and simplicity of Muhammad’s
original teachings was the goal of what Islamic reform movement?
Pg 763
WAHHABI
125. Why did Russia plot to seize the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, as
the Ottoman Empire crumbled?
Pg 763
GAIN ACCESS TO THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
15
126. Why did Europeans become interested in Iran? Pg 766
OIL
127. What rebellion was caused by rifled cartridges greased with animal
fat ?Pg 768
Sepoy Rebellion
128. What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy? Pg 776
To protect U.S. trading rights in China
VOCABULARY
129. Trade deficit-ECONOMIC SITUATION THAT OCCURS WHEN A
NATION IMPORTS MORE THAN IT EXPORTS
130. Balance of trade-the difference between how much a country
imports and how much it exports
131. Trade surplus-economic situation that occurs when a nation exports
more than it imports
132. Protectorate-colony administered by local rulers with European
advisors
CHAPTER 25 STUDY QUESTION
130. What was the cause of the rise of the Tokugawa family? Pg 784
Japanese isolation
16
131. Why did President Millard Fillmore send a fleet of American ships
into lower Tokyo Bay in 1853? Pg 785
FORCE JAPAN TO OPEN ITS PORTS
132. What was a result of the Russ-Japanese War? Pg 790
JAPAN GAINED CONTROL OF KOREA
133. What was the March First Movement? Pg 790
KOREAN NATIONALIST MOVEMENT
134. In the late 1800s, the British began to profit from which important
port in southern Malaya? Pg 792
SINGAPORE
135. Why did Siam remain independent partly? pg 793
UNDERSTOOD WERSTERN POWERS
136. What did conservative leaders in Latin America in the 1800s believe
in? pg 802
THE TRADITIONAL SOCIAL ORDER
VOCABUALRY
137. Diet-Japanese legislature
138. Homogeneous Society-people who share a common culture and
language
17
139. Peonage-system by which workers own labor to pay off their debs
140. Caudillos-local strongmen in Latin America who control a private
army
141. Regionalism-loyalty to a local area
18