Johanneberg District Factor 10
A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Henrik Saxborn
Castellum AB, CEO
As the largest listed real estate company in Sweden we
see a clear business case for our new development in
Johanneberg in 2015. The Climate-KIC flagship can
provide knowledge about how we can place the right
demands in procurement and where better to
demonstrate this than in the Johanneberg district
where the city, business and academics will strive to
achieve Factor 10.
The Climate-KIC initiative on smart sustainable districts
is fully in line with our vision and strategies for reaching
a sustainable Gothenburg. On a European level we have
been a key player in the EU Smart Cities Initiative and
this has helped us align our efforts towards
sustainability and a holistic approach in areas such as;
energy systems, transport and housing but also social
aspects.
The Johanneberg district in Gothenburg clusters a
mixed use area where action has and is being taken to
go beyond what is normally done in district planning and
activities. Further, the district clusters business and
academia to provide world class knowledge into action.
We have and want to continue to challenge our
Johanneberg district to provide an exhibition of what
can be done towards Factor 10.
The document demonstrates a breadth of action and
integration, with collaboration across disciplines and
organisations; this is the transformational approach we
consider necessary to exhibit Factor 10. I firmly believe
that our far-reaching vision and high level of aspiration
makes the Johanneberg district an outstanding
candidate to become one of the four districts selected
for the Climate-KIC flagship – Smart Sustainable
Districts.
Anneli Hulthén
Mayor of Gothenburg
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Karin Markides
Chalmers University of Technology, President
Chalmers as a technical university has an important
role in educating professional engineers for industry
and society. However, we can do much better – we can
create a new generation of engineers who understand
the interplay between society, industry and new
knowledge, who understand and can provide the
innovations and solutions for the greater challenges we
face globally. The Climate-KIC smart sustainable
districts flagship challenges us to bring together our
expertise in defined districts as an exhibition. The
possibility to reach factor 10 has emerged in our
discussions and efforts for the Johanneberg district
and I consider that this provides the template for
educating a new generation of engineers who will shape
the cities of the future.
As a leading Swedish consultancy company we strive to
provide business and services towards sustainability for
the built environment. The combination of knowledge
and innovation within the Johanneberg district, with the
far-reaching challenge of Factor 10, will provide us with
a unique example to develop a business model for
smart sustainable districts.
Ulrika Franke
Tyréns AB, CEO
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Table of contents
page 01
Introduction
page 02
Achieving Factor 10
page 03
The Smart Sustainable District Flagship and Johanneberg
page 05
Mistra Urban Futures
page 06
Chalmers Management of the Built Environment, CMB
page 07
Gothenburg´s New Innovation Platform for Sustainable Urban
Development
page 09
Energy Innovation Campus Program
page 11
Urban Metabolism of the District
page 13
Social Relations in Johanneberg
page 15
ElectriCity
page 17
Green Travel Plan
page 18
Castellum (AB) new development in Johanneberg
page 19
Riksbyggen’s Positive Footprint Housing
page 21
HSB Living Lab
page 23
Renovation of BRF Norra Guldheden
page 25
Urban Sound Planning
page 27
Water Raingardens and Adaptation
page 29
Biodiversity Compensation
page 30
Johanneberg BREEAM community
page 31
Indicators District and Household Level
page 32
The Challenge Lab
page 33
Replication and upscaling of Johanneberg Factor 10
Page 35
Creating a new business case out of the knowledge generated
in districts
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Introduction
Johanneberg is a mixed activity district which is going through a dynamic process of
building and renovation. The aspiration is to reach Factor 10 with the climate benefits
that this implies. The current high standard of the Swedish built environment together
with comprehensive stakeholder involvement and Climate-KIC involvement will allow us
to push towards this aspiration.
The Johanneberg district concept has attracted a
melting pot of stakeholders who have joined forces to
provide this exciting document. Representatives from
real estate and consultancy have shared their business
acumen, academics have provided their knowledge and
societal stakeholders have revealed their tacit know-how
of complexity. The result is a solid platform on which the
Climate-KIC, through the Smart Sustainable District
(SSD) flagship, can demonstrate new products, services
and concepts.
The common aspiration for Johanneberg is to
demonstrate and eventually reach Factor 10. This is by
no means trivial, especially when one considers that the
Johanneberg district is in the industrial, resourceintensive city of Gothenburg. Achieving Factor 10 will
require dedicated effort in building and refurbishing,
within the premise of new forms of cooperation and
governance. In reading this document you will find that
the challenge of a Factor 10 district emerges through
the concerted efforts of the range of business, societal
and academic stakeholders. This emergence has been
initiated by the ideas of SSD and would be significantly
catalysed through the involvement of the Climate-KIC.
the mixed district will be an
exhibition for upscaling
3. Johanneberg has been prepared with academics,
stakeholders and the top political leaders in
Gothenburg. The common vision and wide range of
activities have been compiled through working
together and a broad engagement.
academics, stakeholders
and top political leaders
brought together
4. The climate mitigation and adaptation measures in
demand, building, mobility and supply in the district
are innovative and state-of-the-art. This enables a
significant and quantifiable transformation in the
district in the short, medium and long-term.
innovative and state-of-theart climate mitigation and
adaptation measures
The key messages in the document are:
1. A new governance and business model will be
developed in the Johanneberg district based on
transformation to Factor 10. Companies are and will
see the business case in the exhibition of their
products and services. Governance will be through
shared benefits across different practitioners in the
district, an example being of building refurbishment
together with separation of the combined sewer to
provide both climate mitigation and adaptation. This
is not though enough and city authorities need to
work together to provide further transport, social
and other services. Simply stated, traditional
planning does not provide the necessary solutions,
contributions and services in time and scale.
a new governance and
business model will be
developed
2. The Johanneberg district is a typical European mixed
activity district. It is mixed in the sense of function
(business, homes, shops, play schools), culture and
demographics, and users. The mixed district will be
an exhibition for upscaling in Sweden, across Europe
and beyond.
5. We envisage reaching Factor 10 in Johanneberg
through a broad and ambitious integrated approach
which includes the usual passive/plus house level,
but also brings structure to social and user aspects,
biodiversity, mobility and management.
Factor 10 will be reached
through a broad and
ambitious integrated
approach
The Johanneberg district is ready to become the first
Factor 10 district globally and provides the possibility
for an integrated exhibition of what can be done in a
mixed activity district. The Climate-KIC difference will be
the creation of entrepreneurship-driven opportunities by
identifying gaps in knowledge and how practitioners can
bring these into practice in an economically viable way.
page 1
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Achieving Factor 10
Johanneberg aspires to reach Factor 10, perhaps as the first district in the world, and
this requires a combination of academic knowledge and analysis with societal innovation
and entrepreneurship. And further, by establishing Factor 10 as the aspiration for
Johanneberg we provide a definitive and non-negotiable standard for all activities in the
district.
Districts are the physical expression of our
consumption and production patterns in the small
spatial scale. They are places of life, of work, for
purchasing, training and education, pleasure - in short,
the normal co-existence of people of all ages,
backgrounds and social status. Districts are in
exchange with each other, for example in a city. But they
also interact with the rural areas that surround them.
On the large scale, they are also a consumer of globally
manufactured goods.
The challenges at the level of the district are diverse
and it would be ignorant to believe that one-dimensional
approaches would appropriately address the complexity
of the challenges. The successful refurbishment
strategy of the building stock at the larger scale, for
example, can only succeed if, among others, general
economic conditions, socio-cultural realities as well as
the environmental potentials are known. Since this is
often not the case, energy-efficient refurbishment
measures come too late or cannot be planned or
implemented at a meaningful scale. The consequences
are often to be found: renovation backlog, non-economic
refurbishment measures, rising rents and social
displacement of the lower and middle classes of the
towns, wasteful resource flows and failed political
objectives.
The Factor 10 district Johanneberg will address these
challenges through a holistic approach; moving on from
a Factor 4 energy based approach (which is already
achieved in Swedish new developments and which has a
number of rebound issues). The central concept of the
approach is that decoupling double isolation is desired.
This entails first, the decoupling of natural resource use
(energy and material) from economic growth (Resource
decoupling) and second, the decoupling of economic
growth and increased human well-being from the
environmental impacts (Impact decoupling). Factor 10
for the Johanneberg district means a further increase
of human well-being and economic vitality with 90%
fewer resource use and by extension a reduction in
environmental impacts and associated greenhouse gas
emissions.
The district Johanneberg is in many ways a typical
North European district. Indeed, on face value the
Johanneberg district may not appear unique and has
many of the attributes of other European districts. This
is good because this allows the replication and
upscaling of the findings in Johanneberg to districts
across Europe. What is unique with Johanneberg is the
high level of effort within sustainability, the mix of
practitioners and academia with a high level of
aspiration and the political support of Gothenburg city
towards Factor 10. Add on to this the transparency and
availability of data in Sweden (which has been a great
benefit for instance in medical research where surveys
are easy to carry out with great detail and reliability) and
we have a very suitable district for the Climate-KIC
flagship.
Resource decoupling
page 2
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The Smart Sustainable District
flagship and Johanneberg
The Climate-KIC smart sustainable districts flagship focuses on how systems interact to
identify the opportunities for radical improvement in performance, thereby leading to
demonstrable innovation and entrepreneurship activities. The Johanneberg district
provides a suitable test-bed for district transformation cutting through the typical
complexity of built European city districts.
Aerial photo of Johanneberg in the mid-1900s
page 3
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Guldheden Square in 1944
Cities are widely recognised as highly complex systems,
in part due to: the range of actors operating at different
speeds (e.g. citizens, service providers, businesses,
governments,
community
and
third-sector
organisations, educational and media institutions); and
to the range of domains, with discrete yet
interdependent drivers and subject to a complex array
of external threats and opportunities (e.g. climate
change and resilience, economic austerity, global health
and social trends).
The governance of cities has also vastly increased in
complexity, not simply due to the physical/spatial
demands but also due to the changing way in which
critical infrastructure and services are being delivered
(i.e. through private, private-public, third sector, public
(corporate) governance and financial mechanisms).
Governance of micro-decisions through to strategic
macro-decisions has become highly fractured (a simple
example is the failure of utilities and city authorities to
agree on and implement a method for common
trenching of utilities into the sub-street level thereby
avoiding repeated road-level disturbance) and the
impacts of interventions in city districts are difficult to
quantify a priori.
City districts provide the right scale for technologies
and other system interventions that are neither too
small to suffer from cost-effectiveness issues nor too
large to suffer from planning and invasiveness issues.
They provide well-bounded spaces to undertake radical
change and evaluate the impacts of that change.
The SSD programme focuses on how systems interact
to identify the opportunities for radical improvement in
performance. The intention is not to simply seek
iterative improvement in efficiency, but to seek a 90%
improvement in resource efficiency (Factor 10) with
improved environment and human well-being. The SSD
partners have a wide range of products and services
from this systems-based approach including those that:
Create spatial and legal frameworks for
implementation of smart technologies (e.g.
urban design framework including an optimized
transport system);
Capture waste heat from electricity grid cables
and transformers;
Utilise the potential latent storage capacity in
urban transport networks;
Facilitate smart grid technology to optimise the
available energy in the grid at any one time
based on two way flows of energy and
information;
Enable low levels of disruption for retrofitting
large-scale commercial buildings;
Integrate and design hydrogen infrastructure
into the energy ecology for cities;
Digitally link utilities and services within cities;
Make cities more aware and adaptive in the
face of environmental, social and economic
challenges;
Track and visualise household-level waste and
consumables;
Enhance the climatological interface between
buildings and the external environment;
Aggregate demand and manage financial flows
through new business model innovations;
Facilitate citizen engagement and behaviour
change in all of these critical areas;
Enhance and interconnect interdisciplinary
entrepreneurs as components for a flexible
dynamic masterplan to create green urban
incubators (urban management as coevolution).
The intention is that the SSD programme will become a
Climate-KIC initiative working with smart and
sustainable districts and cities globally, specifically
targeted towards addressing complexity, multistakeholder investments, fractured governance and
multi-functional urban spaces at a large scale.
To be able to disseminate the knowledge gathered in
the SSD programme it is of key importance that the
districts chosen as case studies can represent the
range of actors and the range of domains that will allow
covering multi aspects occurring in a mixed use district
and how different systems interact.
The Johanneberg district that encompasses Guldheden
and Johanneberg gathers these characteristics. The
Johanneberg district has around 16.000 residents and
can be considered a consolidated area with mixed
functions. Historically, the major developments
occurred until the 1970’s. Johanneberg was developed
using functional planning theories, and Norra Guldheden
was an exhibition area where the first Neighbourhood
unit in Sweden was placed as an Exhibition to test
collective housing functionalism and it is considered
Swedish National Interest patrimony.
Chalmers University of Technology campus is located in
Johanneberg with some 13 000 persons employed,
studying or working in one of the 130 SMEs on site. The
Johanneberg district is currently being used as a test
bed for a multitude of projects that offer different
solutions for different sustainable development topics, in
particular: built environment, mobility, resource
management, biodiversity, green certification and social
development. Additionally, knowledge on urban system
analysis at Chalmers ensures that the Johanneberg
district can be analysed from a holistic perspective. The
existence of a strong innovation platform allows the
development of business opportunities tailored to the
district level.
page 4
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Mistra Urban Futures
Mistra Urban Futures is a consortium of key local and global societal and academic
partners working for fair, green and dense districts and cities. This global knowledge
centre has a series of large transdisciplinary research projects concerning the social
aspects of districts that will be an important benefit for Johanneberg.
Mistra Urban Futures vision
Mistra Urban Futures is a global knowledge center for
Sustainable Urban Development hosted by Chalmers.
The centre is founded by a consortium of partners in
Gothenburg – the city of Gothenburg, regional
authorities, Chalmers and the University of Gothenburg
and several partners from business, and has strong
local connections at both policy and practice level.
Besides activities in Gothenburg, the centre runs
projects and local interaction platforms in Cape Town,
Kisumu (Kenya), Shanghai and Manchester. At the time
of writing, the centre operates some 40 different
projects in these five cities. The centre sees the
Johanneberg district as showing the type of foresight
that could replicated at their local (international)
interaction platforms.
The climate adaptation project on the Frihamnen
waterfront development in Gothenburg resulted in a
series of spectacular ideas for sustainability based
adaptation. The goal for Mistra Urban Futures is to
contribute to Fair, Green and Dense cities. Fair in the
sense that all people should have access to urban
qualities, functions and structures. Green in the sense
that available resource is drawn upon to promote the
wellbeing of all. Dense in the sense that cities should be
planned and managed to build strong synergies across
social, cultural, institutional, ecological and economic
activities. The focus on different types of joint knowledge
production is something which distinguishes Mistra
Urban Futures from other knowledge centers and fits in
well with the ideas for reaching Factor 10 in
Johannesberg. Projects draw upon both theory and
practice in equal measure, and are carried out by
different
disciplines,
and
researchers,
from
practitioners working together. When such knowledge
production takes place through different forms of
cooperation, we find new critical insights and tools
which can more effectively promote long-term positive
urban change.
Mistra Urban Futures provides a strong basis for the
collaboration with local partners in Gothenburg, as well
as an extensive research network, connecting both
practical experience with in depth academic knowledge
within a broad field of expertise, such as political
science, arts and humanities, social science, business
economy, law, architecture and planning, engineering
and natural science. The centre also has wellestablished tools and channels for dissemination of
results to a wider audience, for example a global
newsletter and web page, an e- report series and
format for policy briefs, as well as local and global
seminars and events. At all these levels the centre can
contribute with support and knowledge to the
Johanneberg district.
page 5
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Chalmers Management of the Built
Environment, CMB
An important aspiration for the Johanneberg district is the development of a new
management and governance model. CMB with its 48 companies provides an excellent
forum to lift these issues and provide new approaches and knowledge.
Consortium of 48 companies and societal actors
!
CMB is a consortium of 48 companies and societal
actors that have identified lack of management as being
a source of delay and further that the present building
industry rests on yesterday’s issues and problems.
CMB sees that the future of sustainable building is in a
new complex and dynamic environment with new
demands. The Johanneberg district with a Factor 10
aspiration is the platform where the ideas of CMB can
be tested and meet reality.
CMB contributes with their knowledge in leadership and
management to develop the new model required for
Factor 10 and include
page 6
Shorter time from early planning to moving in
Efficient resource use
More rapid transformation to a sustainable
society
Economic benefits for society
Lower costs
Better developed relations between actors
Management research leading to higher
efficiency and international competitiveness
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Gothenburg´s new innovation
platform for sustainable urban
development
Johanneberg Science Park has recently received funding to develop an innovation
platform between key societal stakeholders within Gothenburg. The Johanneberg
district has been identified as a test-bed for full-scale demonstrations of sustainability
innovations.
Vision Älvstaden, City of Gothenburg
page 7
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Johanneberg will act as a test bed where full scale
demonstrators will be created alongside research and
international collaboration and where businesses in the
Built Environment sector will co-locate.
Over the next two years the platform will focus on both
a strategic and an operational dimension. The basic
objective is to develop a viable working process and
organization for collaboration towards a sustainable city
over a long period of time. The more hands-on activities
include the development of existing demonstration
projects and initiation of new ones, testing new ways to
move
from
demonstration
to
large-scale
implementation and promote the export of technology
and services through the platform´s strong global
linkages.
The financing covers two years of building a long-term
structure. Vinnova has granted 8,5MSEK (approx 1M€)
and the project has a planned co-financing of 13,5
MSEK (approx. 1,5 M€).
The city of Gothenburg faces huge challenges, as do
many other big cities. The social and economic
segregation is tangible; the fact is that we have a
community where everyone does not feel included.
Suburban district housing areas face similar challenges
through physical renovation to meet new targets for
energy consumption and transformation. The tasks to
be undertaken lie primarily in creating an inclusive social
and physical structure that will also strengthen the links
between the centre of the city and the peripheral parts.
In order to gear itself to sustainable development,
Gothenburg must rapidly achieve a large-scale
improvement of energy efficiency of the housing
districts (the Million Homes Programme) of the 1970’s,
learning from methods and technologies applied in
demonstrators. Significant effort will be required from
the city, industry and academia to overcome this
challenge.
Gothenburg is developing a new innovation arena for
sustainable development. Within the framework
“Development of innovation arenas for Sustainable,
attractive cities” Vinnova has granted 1 million € to
develop an innovation arena for sustainable urban
development. The investment will be used to create an
arena where new innovative solutions can be tried and
presented. Four Swedish cities are part of the network
managed by the State innovation agency Vinnova.
Gothenburg´s new innovation platform for sustainable
urban development is unique in the sense that it reveals
an entire city as a test bed and showcase for Swedish
technology solutions, service innovations and
transformative work processes for a more sustainable
urban future. With strong political will and motivation in
the business sector, among citizens and stakeholders
and within academia, Gothenburg joins forces to
develop a city at the forefront of sustainable
development. Taken together, the various initiatives and
projects offer an outstanding opportunity to take a firm
grasp on how sustainable urban development can be
pursued.
The platform is laying the foundation for a new and
efficient way of working with actual tests and
demonstrations. Gothenburg benefits from having many
strong actors in the field of urban development who will
now come together for a more holistic and common
approach. The innovation platform is intended to make
Gothenburg through Johanneberg a demonstration
where new technological solutions, innovations in the
service industry and work-processes can be tried,
tested and demonstrated. It is intended to work
between different actors and lead to new business and
export opportunities in the future. The platform will
develop Gothenburg as an arena for the testing and
demonstration of sustainable urban development and
competitive business. The project will scale up to the
entire city for technology solutions, service innovations
and new work processes.
The initiative includes the following
Innovation Strategy; environment analysis,
mapping the innovation system, long-term
organization, priority innovation areas,
Demonstration; new demo projects, innovation
map, new funding for urban development
projects, highlighting synergies, public user
participation
Implementation and Market; clear triple helix
participation in international arenas, developing
the study visits for the demonstration projects,
developing the education solutions
The platform will mobilise and coordinate resources
from existing structures, organisations and initiatives to
further develop the City´s attractiveness in an
international as well as national perspective with regard
to; offering residents a good living environment,
economic sustainability, more companies and business
opportunities, finding ways to socially mixed housing,
reduced climate footprint, energy efficiency and worldleading transport systems.
page 8
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Energy Innovation Campus Program
The older Chalmers campus lies within the Johanneberg district and a program has
been defined to provide Johanneberg as a test-bed for innovations emerging from
energy research. This is facilitated in the Chalmers organisation through an area of
advance on energy that cuts across department and academic borders.
page 9
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship An extensive and long-term program is being developed
making the whole of Chalmers campus Johanneberg a
living energy lab. This program is termed the Energy
Innovation Campus Program. The program aims to
identify, generate, support and demonstrate energy
education, research, and innovation projects using
existing and new infrastructure, buildings and
properties. Within the program academia, public
sector, real estate owners, business and industry are
actively invited and stimulated to meet across
traditional boarders in order to develop and conduct
energy related projects on in Johanneberg. Those
projects will benefit the local sustainable development
as well as contribute to long term solutions on how to
meet the global challenges especially related to urban
development and overall cost-effective greenhouse gas
abatements.
Many smaller projects have been carried out
independently on campus regarding energy efficiency
and campus development but this program will have a
holistic approach to sustainable and innovative district
development and ensure a close connection to
research and education. In the Energy Innovation
Campus Program researchers, real estate owners,
students, industry and additional stakeholders will find a
strategic platform to meet and act. By transitioning s
Johanneberg into a living energy lab with visible
demonstration projects the district can be a guiding
star for the Gothenburg area as well as a nationally and
internationally famous open arena for energy innovation
and research where new and sustainable innovations
and ideas can be tested and visualised and anchored
both in the academic, public and industrial world.
Johanneberg is a cohesive and well-defined area as well
as an integrated part of Gothenburg city and its
metabolism. The city centre is only a short walk away.
More than 10 000 students, faculty members,
business, industry, residents and visitors pass through
the campus every day and a number of tram and bus
lines stop around campus which further facilitate the
integration with the city. The industrial sector is well
represented at Chalmers campus Johanneberg, not at
least by the establishment of Johanneberg Science
Park in 2010 and the campus area is now also facing a
large expansion and plans to further strengthen its
relations with business and industry. At Chalmers
University of Technology more than one thousand
students graduate every year and they take their
experiences from their university with them in their
future careers worldwide. With these extraordinary
possibilities to reach large amounts of young people in
the beginning of their career and the closeness and
symbiosis with the city, the city residents and the
industrial sector, the campus provides a unique
possibility to become a living lab area where educational
projects, innovation and research is visualised and
demonstrated publicly.
The program considers research, education and
demonstration/innovation around sustainable energy
solutions and includes areas such as local energy
conversion, energy systems and energy saving
innovations, smart grid development in practice, DC in
buildings, and energy related multidisciplinary student
projects. Chalmers campus is enjoying the benefit of
hosting a 12 MW boiler with an associated gasifier,
mainly powered by bio fuel and highly used in research
as well as for heating the main part of campus
Johanneberg. The electricity, methane gas and heat
generation in the boiler will (within the program Energy
Campus Innovation) be sustained with additional
renewable energy sources on campus and the
possibilities of demonstration projects through visible or
invisible integration of new solar panel concepts, various
energy storage options, wind turbines and geothermal
plants. The possibilities to use the increased access to
real case data in education and research reveals
options for learning on energy management at larger
scales. Engineering and architecture students will also
be able to do their master thesis based on these new
possibilities and interaction areas and will give them
unique access to the business and industry engaged in
the program.
page 10
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Urban metabolism of the district
A material flow accounting for the city of Gothenburg has recently been made and
within the flagship products/services toolbox this data and modelling will provide an
excellent basis for detailed district studies. Swedish society provides an outstanding
possibility
for detailed flow accounting
because of the transparency of data, which is not
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found in other European countries.
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Urban Metabolism group
Rosado, L., Kalmykova, Y., and Patrício, J.
MFA indicators for urban areas in Sweden
Material types
BM1 ! Agriculture Biomass
BM2 ! Animal Biomass
BM3 ! Textile Biomass
BM4 ! Oils and Fats
BM5 ! Sugars
STOCKHOLM METROPOLITAN AREA
BM6 ! Wood and Fuels
BM7 ! Paper and Board
BM8 ! Other Biomass
CF1 ! Alcohols
CF2 ! Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals
CF3 ! Fertilizers and Pesticides
FF1 ! Fuels
FF2 ! Other Fossil Fuels
FF3 ! Lubricants, Oils and Solvents
FF4 ! Plastics and Rubbers
MM1 ! Iron, Steel alloying Metals and Ferrous Metals
MM2 ! Light Metals
MM3 ! Non Ferrous Heavy Metals
MM4 ! Special Metals
MM5 ! Nuclear Fuels
MM6 ! Precious Metals
NM1 ! Sand
NM2 ! Cement
NM3 ! Clay
NM4 ! Stone
NM5 ! Other (Fibres, Salt, inorganic parts of animals)
O1 ! Non Specified
O2 ! Liquids
Direct Material Input
min
Million tonnes per year
average
max
Imports
min
Million tonnes per year
average
max
Domestic Material Consumption
Net Addition to Stock
Million tonnes per year
Million tonnes per year
min
Domestic Extraction
Industrial Production
MFA indicators for urban areas in Sweden
average
max
min
average
max
min
Million tonnes per year
average
max
min
Million tonnes per year
average
max
Exports
min
Million tonnes per year
average
max
average
max
average
max
average
max
Crossing Flows
min
Million tonnes per year
average
max
GÖTEBORG METROPOLITAN AREA
#
Direct Material Input
min
average
max
Imports
min
average
max
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max
Imports
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page 11
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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The metabolism of cities and urban regions is
dependent on and regulated by complex systems that
are themselves composed of interrelated subsystems
with links to the world. Changes in one subsystem will
have effects through the entire structure. As a
consequence, the sustainability of these structures
depends on resources and ecological services from
distant ecosystems and on the logistics of the supply
chain. The well being of city and regional residents is
affected by both the availability and the resilience of
these systems.
Cities and districts, in a globalized economy, are
particularly vulnerable to diverse challenges that may
affect their supply chain of goods, water or energy,
causing disruptive and potentially catastrophic results.
The resilience of urban systems can be understood as
the ability to overcome sudden failures of supply without
significant reorganization and unanticipated investment
in the infrastructure and other critical systems of the
urban economy. How are specific economic activities
dependent or independent of particular flows of
resources? This is an important question whose
response requires a deep understanding of how cities
and districts function, and serves as a primary
motivation for urban metabolism studies.
The Urban Metabolism group at Chalmers recently
made a Material Flow Accounting study of the 3
Swedish Metropolitan Areas (Stockholm, Gothenburg
and Malmo), for a period of 16 years (1996-2011) to
start analysing in detail the characteristics of the
metabolism of cities.
The method is now being applied to the municipalities of
each Metropolitan Area, as well as selected districts,
with a current emphasis on the Johanneberg district.
The UMAn model developed within the framework of
Urban Metabolism allows a description of the material
flows for the following dimensions:
The Urban Metabolism group has also been studying:
Material Flow diagram for Gothenburg in 2011
Domestic Extraction 8.78 Mt
Addition
in stock
7.51 Mt
the drivers of consumption in urban areas, e.g.
income, GDP, housing size, education, car
ownership.
the trends through time for the different flows
of resources, including energy, waste and CO
emissions.
the differences and similarities between urban
areas, in terms of their characteristics related
to urban metabolism: material needs, diversity
of processes dynamic behaviour of flows
(including
succession),
development,
dependency on outside resources, and
environmental impacts of an urban area.
2
Expor ts
13.77 Mt
Air emissions
1.80 Mt
Recover y
Energy
Recycling
1. 42 Mt
1.80 Mt
Dissipation
ISW
HW
0.76 Mt
0.63 Mt
0.06 Mt
Outputs to Nature 3.20 Mt
Direct Material
Input 26.22 Mt
National Exports 13.24 Mt
Direct Material
Output 17.02 Mt
National Imports 11.77 Mt
Material Flow Accounting indicators: Imports,
Exports, Domestic Extraction, Consumption,
Addition to Stock, Emissions, Waste
production;
Indicators are depicted in 28 material
categories;
Indicators are disaggregated in 10000
product types;
Indicators are disaggregated by economic
activity, up to 500 types.
Trends in CO2 emissions in Stockholm and Gothenburg
MFA indicators for
Fig 3urban
b:a CO2 areas in Sweden
Gothenburg
Stockholm
7.0
19.18 Mt
CO2 from fossil fuels origin (million tonnes)
Crossing flows
International Exports 19.72 Mt
International Imports 23.40 Mt
6.0
y = -0.038x + 80.51
R² = 0.44
5.0
y = -0.018x + 41.3
R² = 0.13
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
year
page 12
2006
2008
2010
2012
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Social relations in Johanneberg
The Johanneberg district provides a melting pot of stakeholders with different needs
and visions. The stakeholder networks are known and have been engaged in projects
with an emphasis on social relations between groups within the district.
page 13
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Positive Footprint Housing is a project that aims at
building a new residential quarter with approximately
100 flats, on a plot in Johanneberg and situated on the
border between the Chalmers campus area and the
south part of Guldheden. The project is high in ambition
and experimental in design, putting sustainability and
research at the core of the effort. The plan is that the
new block will house a socially sustainable living not only
for its own residents, but also for parts of the
neighbourhood. Common social assets include an
electric car pool and greenhouses. In this way the new
residential quarter can function as an exhibition for
sustainable living in the local district.
During the planning process the project leaders of
Positive Footprint Housing has worked on social
relations, trying to create a dialogue with important
local actors. One of them is the municipality district
administration where the officials have taken a great
interest in the project.
There is a long tradition of engagement in residential
issues in Guldheden. There are several local housing cooperatives who are active in the area. Two local
pressure groups – Friends of Mossen and Portect
Guldheden - have also been working with housing and
environmental issues for many years. Their goal is to
maintain what they consider to be essential qualities in
the district; especially the well-ordered balance between
built areas and green zones.
For Johanneberg the social sustainability and social
capital aspects will be identified through a four
component structure: equity, awareness, participation
and social cohesion. There are two key aspects of social
sustainability that will be considered
1.
2.
Due to fewer persons per household, the population of
the Guldheden housing areas have diminished over the
years. This affects the possibility to provide good
service, both public and commercial. So there is a need
for new housing projects in the area. From the local
administration’s point of view there are also certain
groups that need special attention on the housing
market. Among them are young people who are not
studying. This is a group that have problems finding
residence, since most apartments are offered to
students. Also elderly people have special needs. There
is a local organization for elderly and these have had
meetings with Positive Footprint Housing in order to see
if they can make ends meet.
Structural content. This includes meeting
places, play areas, safe green areas –
generally the common discourse in political and
company documents.
The process. This is about following social
sustainability with time and understanding that
a specific intervention or structure often
doesn’t have the desired endpoint. This is a
flexibility that we can develop to follow the
human well-being curve for Factor 10.
Planning for a sustainable future has been on the
agenda for several years, but there is a lack of methods
and models for how to do this in practice. The
Gothenburg City Planning Office has recognized this and
a knowledge matrix have been developed. This matrix
helps to structure the planning process by suggesting
important themes and questions that are crucial to deal
with during the planning process. In the same way two
tools are being developed. One deals with ecological
sustainability, the other with social sustainability. The
aim is to facilitate the process of sustainable planning,
but also to maintain a sustainable living once the
buildings are there and the area is inhabited.
page 14
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship ElectriCity
Volvo will introduce an electric powered bus connecting the Johanneberg district to the
city centre as one of 10 global demonstration projects. This demonstrator combines
the technology of the bus with the innovations associated with the change in flows of
persons, products and services around the indoor bus stations.
Volvo Electric bus
page 15
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The use of electric powered buses not only places
Gothenburg and the Johanneberg district on the map in
terms of sustainable and innovative solutions for public
transport; the new bus service will also open up new
possibilities in city and urban planning. A silent and
emissions-free public transport system will enable the
inclusion of locations in the city that are currently off
limits.
to diesel powered buses (According to studies, normal
fuel-related CO emissions from city buses average
about 0,8 kg/km ). It is also expected that the improved
and novel services offered will result in a more people
using public transport rather than private cars, thus
further increasing the CO emission reduction.
2
2
Proposed route of ElectriCity service
The new electric bus service initiative was conceived by
the Volvo Group in June 2013 and will commence
operation in 2015. The electric buses are to run
between Johanneberg and Lindholmen Science Park in
Hisingen (see Figure 1).
The project is being led by a consortium consisting of
stakeholders from the Region, the City of Gothenburg,
the Science Parks at Johanneberg and Lindholmen, the
Volvo Group and the Swedish Energy Agency.
In the Johanneberg district, the new bus service will
serve as a test bed for novel solutions concerning the
integration of different modes of transport in the new
cityscapes, including development of new and exciting
services for travellers en route or in bus stops and
waiting areas. In addition to the electric buses, the
cooperation also includes the creation and trial runs of
new bus-stop solutions, charging technology, trafficrouting and information systems, safety concepts,
energy supply and business models.
The use of electric power not only places Gothenburg
and the Johanneberg district on the map in terms of
sustainable and innovative solutions for public transport;
the new bus service will also open up new possibilities in
city and urban planning.
New possibilities for terminal locations
The new technology enables completely new possibilities
for future public transport. Buses that glide noiselessly
without emissions, that pick up passengers indoors and
which are powered by a renewable source of electricity
– this will become reality through the launch of an ultramodern bus service in Gothenburg. This is also in line
with the prioritised objective of having Gothenburg
reduce its climate impact to become a climate-neutral
city, and of increasing sustainable travel.
One key aspect of all-electric transport is the freedom
to locate terminals and stops indoors, providing
sheltered, pleasant and safe surroundings for waiting
passengers. Windy, badly lit and potentially unsafe
pedestrian walkways may be eliminated, thereby
increasing the well being of users and providing
additional incentives for using public transportation
services. The flexible location of stops also paves the
way for new thinking in urban planning, for instance by
enabling further densification and increased energy
efficiency of buildings and districts.
A number of novel ideas have been proposed and will be
investigated in the near future concerning passenger
services in connection with the new bus service. Such
ideas include multi-modal connections to other means
of transport, information and entertainment before,
during and after travelling and e-commerce solutions
connected to the bus stop (order/pick up goods). It is
expected that when realised, these services will
transform the experience of commuting into something
much more enjoyable, at the same time as seamlessly
integrating it with other aspects and needs of daily life.
As the buses are fully electric and may be run with
electricity generated by renewable means, CO emission
reduction can range from 80 % up to 100 % compared
2
page 16
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Green travel plan
The green travel plan meets the challenge of 5000 new persons in the area without
increasing private car transport over the next few years. The plan includes incentives
for travelling on public transport and bicycles, but also significant investments in the
renovation of public transport junctions and shared bicycle facilities.
In late 2012 a decision was made to implement a green
travel plan for Johanneberg, much of this covering the
Chalmers campus but also affecting the surroundings –
particularly in terms of public transport. A major
challenge is the projected increase of employees at
Chalmers Johanneberg (mostly SME and societal
employees) by 5000 over the next few years while not
increasing the number of automobile traffic at all.
The green travel plan also includes the following:
Public transport congestion in the Johanneberg district
will be reduced with major rebuilding at two traffic
junctions in 2014.
page 17
All employees at Chalmers will be able to buy a
public transport annual travel card for a greatly
reduced price (a saving of 220 Euros per travel
card per year)
Information on and upgrade of bicycle facilities,
include pump station, covered and safe parking
with locks, as well as shower facilities
A system for hiring bicycles which is connected
to those available in Gothenburg through the
city has been implemented in 2013.
An electric vehicle pool has been opened and
can be used for private or work use.
A significant increase in parking charges on the
Chalmers campus to deter the driving of
private cars to work.
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Castellum (AB) new development in
Johanneberg
The real estate management company Castellum will lead a new office development
within Johanneberg and the aspiration of Johanneberg to Factor 10 will allow tougher
climate standards in procurement.
A key development to exhibit Factor 10 will be a former
petrol station site that will receive planning permission
in autumn 2014. The site is 3500 m above ground and
1500 m below. The estimated production cost is 11
million Euros for new office space on four floors.
2
2
The business in the existing house will move at the end
of April 2014. A marketing campaign will then
commence to bring new business into the buildings and,
being part of a district showing foresight in sustainability
will provide attraction for interested parties.
The development has a planned start date 1st July
2015. This project is of particular interest as Castellum
has not procured the builder as yet and allows the
setting of extra standards.
The project will be open to the flagship to allow studies
of the use of the tools in understanding how this project
can provide a lead contribution in the transformation
process for Johanneberg to Factor 10. Further the
early stage of this project will allow input from ClimateKIC innovations in a broader sense.
page 18
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Riksbyggen’s Positive Footprint
Housing
Riksbyggen is a national, cooperative housing association and is in the process of
building their landmark Positive Footprint Housing within the Johanneberg district. The
innovations include new reduced CO2 energy systems, ecosystem services, social
sustainability and private cars reduced to an electric car pool (powered on site through
renewable energy).
Malmström Edström arkitekter
page 19
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The idea behind Positive Footprint Housing was
conceived in 2011 through collaboration between
researchers at the department of Architecture at
Chalmers University of Technology, the department of
Social Work at University of Gothenburg, Johanneberg
Science Park and Riksbyggen. The project will result in a
housing complex of 200 apartments situated on the
outskirts of Johanneberg Science Park, and several
research projects will be conducted in parallel during
the construction of the new houses. The research
collaboration is expected to continue even after the
houses are finished, allowing researchers and students
to study and to conduct experiments in the unique
environment of Positive Footprint Housing.
Initially, it was decided that the main success factors of
the project would be:
To be an internationally recognised model for
sustainable housing
To design from a sustainability perspective
To maintain interaction with the public
throughout the project
To employ new technology and innovative
materials
To build new knowledge about sustainability
To contribute to the development of the district
Johanneberg
To pave the way for Riksbyggen’s inclusion of
sustainability in future projects
The ambitious goal of the project is to show that
Swedish housing can once again be world leading with
respect to current and future demands for
sustainability. By close collaboration between advanced
research, innovative development and higher education
the project aims to:
Become a landmark example of innovative and
holistic thinking in the fields of sustainable
housing and urban development
Show that sustainable construction is possible
with respect to resource and energy usage,
design, materials, technology, processes and
management and that the finished housing
project can have a positive net energy balance
and is financially viable
Focus on human needs through flexible
solutions that facilitate a sustainable life style
for the residents and social acceptance from
the neighbours
Promote social sustainability by specifically
catering to children’s needs and to strive for a
mix of generations and backgrounds among
residents
Radically reduce the need for private cars
Be a key project that vitalises and strengthens
the development of Johanneberg by adding
architectural quality and creating the
conditions for a more dynamic neighbourhood
Manifest a long term collaboration, where the
project will serve as a full scale laboratory for
research, development and education for at
least three decades to come
Interfacing with the surrounding green area
Assume an active role in learning, public
dialogue
and
knowledge
development
concerning sustainable housing
The Positive Footprint Housing project gathers a broad
representation of stakeholders from different parts of
society. Apart from Riksbyggen and Johanneberg
Science Park, Chalmers University of Technology,
University of Gothenburg, Göteborg Energy and the City
of Gothenburg make up the project group. Numerous
other stakeholders are also connected to the project,
including SMEs and larger companies, interest groups
and NGO’s.
While the construction project is still in the planning and
design stages, the research work is well under way.
Undergraduate and graduate research projects are
being carried out on the following themes:
Behavioural and social aspects of housing
Sustainability
Quality
Control and monitoring
Energy efficiency
Materials and technologies
In order to stimulate interest from industry, particularly
from small and medium-sized companies, workshops
have been conducted where companies from within and
outside of the building sector could present ideas and
innovative technologies that could be incorporated in
the project.
The project demonstrations will in a broader aspect
work as a development area for national and
international testing. The form and the impact will in a
longer term contribute towards development of
smarter and more sustainable solutions concerning the
built environment, services for transport, daily living
services as well as contributing to a reduction of CO
emissions and improved air quality. A focal point will be
to show that the buildings generate more energy than
they consume, in the construction phase as well as in
everyday use.
2
page 20
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship HSB Living Lab
The HSB Living Lab is a user-centred facility for sustainable living, which will be built
during 2014 within the Johanneberg district. As part of the Climate-KIC BTA flagship
there will be a solid demonstration of and channel for Climate-KIC products and
services.
Malmström Edström arkitekter
page 21
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship HSB Living Lab is planned as a built infrastructure for
advanced research on the flows of energy, materials
and water through living space and their relationship to
state-of-the-art design and technology. Situated in the
Johanneberg district the facility will be a showcase for
how individuals can lead a sustainable lifestyle in their
home. The facility is being built by HSB, which is a
housing association with 550 000 members and who
see the developed knowledge, innovation and services
as being of benefit for their 3 300 housing associations
around Sweden.
One interesting example of the relevance of the HSB
Living Lab towards Factor 10 is the development of a
new common washing room. A hackathon was recently
held with the RCA in London and NASA, together with
stakeholders from Tengboms, Chalmers, Gothenburg
Energy and HSB. The challenge was to prepare the
laundry room of the future both in terms of low energy
and water solutions, but also in terms of social
sustainability (interpersonal networks).
This Hackathon was partnered with NASA (Houston)
because the comparison with extreme environments
such as Space provides new ideas for Earth. Further
cooperation was with the RCA, the HSB housing
association and students from Rice University and
University of Houston as well as Chalmers. The
Hackathon was carefully prepared with clear expected
outcomes (ie the Hackathon should lead to useful
products and services), design over the Atlantic
(through synchronised timed sessions for preparation
and reporting) and feeding into the HSB Living Lab.
Artists impression and HSB facility
HSB Living Lab is a research facility for behavioural and
practice based research on new innovations and
services for sustainable living. The photo above is an
artist’s impression and the facility itself will be built
2014/2015.
HSB Living Lab has an important role in the
Johanneberg district in showing how resource use can
be minimised through user-based design and by
developing new products and services for the ClimateKIC and for SSD which can provide intervention in
households and businesses through the district.
HSB Living Lab is a residential block of 25 student and
guest researcher apartments that will include flexible
living units and multifunctional-shared space. The high
degree of flexibility will allow the proper design of new
experimental areas, which will include new ideas for the
washing room and kitchen.
Starting in 2014 HSB Living Lab is included in the
Climate-KIC flagship BTA. Here research will be carried
out on a new home energy management system
including a comfort parameter sensor network and a
user interactive visualisation system developed at the
Delft University of Technology. Further prototyping of
new facade materials and solutions will be tested.
HSB Living Lab is a facility for user-centred research
together with facilities in Spain, Delft and Zurich. The
network is the starting core partnership in the ClimateKIC BTA flagship (Building Technology Accelerator).
page 22
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Renovation of BRF Norra Guldheden
The housing association Norra Guldheden was a Swedish exhibition of modern living in
1947 with new innovations for city living with all facilities in the neighbourhood. Now
there is a need for renovation and the housing association are rethinking their role in
the district to create a new exhibition of modern innovations in a cultural context –
towards Factor 10.
Bo Bättre exhibition
page 23
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Already in the 1930’s the Swedish government, focused
on creating fair and more equal living. It became an
overall project, architectural, economically, socially, with
great influence from abroad. Function was essential.
The area was designed in order to include work, living,
transportation, and recreation. The physical aspects
such as light, house width, and exploitation dictated the
terms of building.
Norra Guldheden plan proposal in 1944
The housing that emerged creatively combined tradition
with the future, implementing more rooms for the same
area. The economic angle was to build affordable for all
kinds of people and families, a two bedroom apartment
should cost no more than 20% of a regular working
salary. Just building on solid bedrock at the time was
very challenging and due to the height of the area, with
wind and rain. The area, from the beginning was pure
wilderness.
Since 2005 several refurbishment activities have been
implemented:
25 buildings including 454 apartments, 5 business
locations a Kindergarten, a restaurant were
incorporated into the area and represented a new
neighbourhood way of living. The housing association
society was legally created in 1999 and before this, the
entire complex was apartments for hire. (18 one-room
apartments, 248 two-room apartments, 63 three-room
apartments and 125 four-room apartments).
The area of Norra Guldheden, was originally created,
designed and built in 1945-1947. It was in fact planned
and designed as an early housing exhibition, Bo Bättre
(Live better). Nearly 80 years later, it is now recognized
as an area of national interest, from an architectural
point of view. In 1945 it was described as very
welcoming and cosy, with healthy light and air, at the
very top in the city, also with excellent views in all
directions. The involved entrepreneur's welcomed all
visitors, showing how to solve the living issues at the
time. The exhibition Bo Bättre was opened by royalty in
1945 and attracted national interest.
2010
2011
2009-10
2010-12
2009-10
2005-07
2005-07
2005-07
2005-06
Broadband – fiber
Refurbishment Dalheimersgatan 2-6
Creation of a guest apartment
New Playground
Implementation of district heating
Refurbishment of 400 bathrooms,
Relining of water network
Complete updating of all electricity installations ia
Renovation of 12 elevators
Challenges ahead
1. Combining tradition with future sustainability in terms
of environment, economy as well as modern standard of
living.
2. Preserving the culturally protected brick exterior
while refurbishing in an efficient and responsible
manner. Keeping the original architecture while
implementing the latest technology in terms of
environment, energy effectiveness, and security.
3. Maintain cultural preservation while offering a high
standard of living, to all inhabitants.
4. Develop this traditional area into a modern area with
a proud history, for future legacy.
5. While refurbishing, all 25 buildings, which is
challenging enough, at the same time improve both the
economy and security/safety, for this part of the city,
both in short and long term perspectives.
page 24
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Urban Sound Planning
The Johanneberg district should be a pleasant place to live and work as part of the
Factor 10 aspiration. New innovations are to be considered to provide acoustic qualities
along transport corridors and around buildings.
page 25
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The department of Applied Acoustics at Chalmers is
leading the European Training Network SONORUS
dealing with Urban Sound Planning. The EU finances the
project for a period of four years. SONORUS brings
together
universities,
enterprises
and
public
organizations that offer training to 14 young
researchers in urban sound planning in an arena of
trans- disciplinary research. Fourteen partners from all
over Europe participate including Antwerp, Brighton,
Rotterdam, Rome and Gothenburg offering test sites as
an opportunity to implement the concept of Urban
Sound Planning. At the end these young people will help
to initiate a paradigm shift in the handling of the
acoustic environment in our cities.
Traditionally it is agreed by all involved in planning and
designing urban areas that the visual appearance of
cities crucially determines the sense of living there and
thus needs careful planning efforts. However the
acoustic environment has up to now been considered of
minor importance and therefore the acoustic
appearance, the sound of urban areas has not been
able to attract comparable planning efforts yet. Today
managing acoustic environments is mainly limited to
situations where problems (e.g. unhealthy noise
exposure) occur. The problems are treated very locally,
with a short time perspective and they are experienced
as additional and unwanted costs to society.
The acoustic environment is being increasingly
recognized as an important part of the overall
perception of urban environments. Functioning of parks,
shopping malls, living areas or just walking strokes are
strongly dependent on the presence of appropriate
sound. The absence of expected acoustic qualities or
even worse the presence of intrusive and/or misplaced
sounds leads to a decreased function of urban
environments. Consequently the role of urban sound
planning is to establish implementable plans how an
area should sound in the future, avoiding bad surprises
and assuring efficient use of resources.
To achieve acoustic qualities in a complex environment
an holistic approach is required. This means that the
acoustic planning covers wide areas at the district level
and it takes into account a time scale corresponding to
that of other planning activities such as traffic planning
or urban development. In addition the planning has to
take into account a multi functional approach where
areas and surfaces near transport corridors are
exploited and optimized for acoustic purposes. Such
areas include road shoulders, embankments, car
parking areas, bicycle tracks, walkways, building
façades, balconies, roofs, car parking areas, parks and
other open spaces.
Building façades can be designed to be visually
attractive as well as acoustically beneficial. New street
furniture can be designed to be acoustically functional.
Although parks and open spaces are used to provide a
pleasant breathing space within the urban stress and
bustle, their potential to be acoustically restorative
could be improved through design. In addition, the
resulting land-take and cost of maintenance are well
accepted. Therefore it is an evident task to use these
resources in a more efficient way specifically with
regard to road, rail and air traffic noise while
considering also annoyance aspects. This implies using
a soundscape approach, which focuses on outdoor
sound environments, on qualities of sound
environments in relation to specific functions of the
urban environment. It also demands a strong
interaction between planners, architects, acousticians
and also politicians.
page 26
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Water raingardens and adaptation
European city sewers have inherited a built legacy of combined systems. This creates
flood adaptation challenges due to densification and climate change. The regional
sewage treatment plant and water authority now combine forces with other affected
stakeholders in the Johanneberg district to re-route the storm water to the surface,
creating beneficial raingardens towards the Blue Green Dream of the Climate-KIC
project of the same name.
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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The Johanneberg district is typical of established
European districts concerning the handling of storm
water and wastewater. Combined sewers transport
through pumping stations both types of water to a
regional wastewater treatment plant (Ryaverket in
Gothenburg). However, increasing densification of the
city centre and the anticipated effects of climate change
(increased rainfall, sea level rise) now mean that the
two authorities for wastewater treatment, and recycling
and water, now come together to demonstrate the
potential of bringing storm water to the surface, both in
terms of climate adaptation and in terms of creating a
blue green environment. The Johanneberg district is
typical for built areas and demonstrates how to reroute storm water to the surface.
In Johanneberg, storm water should be kept on the
surface and allowed to reach its receiving water without
flooding. The surfaces, ponds and creeks involved should
be aesthetically pleasing, safe and clean. The waterways
can also contribute positively to biological diversity and
local climate. In Johanneberg there are green areas
and possible routes for the storage and transport of
water on the surface. While the municipality and local
stakeholders see the need to reduce the climate
footprint of the district and city as well as adapting to
climate change to come and even if this development is
cost effective and climate smart, there are several
challenges which must be handled in each project on
the way.
Stakeholders need to find ways to cooperate around
small individual projects. Each project, even a small one,
may need action or acceptance from land-owners and
the managers of parks, roads and sewers. In order to
contribute well to the local environment, as well as
improving the down-stream environment, the change
needs to be wanted or at least accepted and
understood by residents. It will be a challenge to enable
and motivate the different stakeholders in contributing
to the proposed solutions for Johanneberg.
The incentives to change the combined system are
generally invisible at the district level, far away or
theoretical, whereas any nuisance caused by water on
the surface will be obvious and close. The avoided
flooding of downstream basements or saved electricity
at the wastewater treatment plant is not obvious,
whereas mosquitoes in a pond close to home will not go
unnoticed. Thus information throughout planning and
construction as well as at the completed sites is
important.
It is imperative that the systems are maintained in
order to function for many years. Operation of a
surface-bound storm water system must be organized.
Contrary to the sewers, the responsibility of handling of
storm water on the surface may be divided between
many stakeholders. They all need to understand the role
that their ditch, pond or surface plays in the urban
water cycle. It is a challenge to construct tools and
create awareness so that units demanding little
maintenance will actually be maintained over time.
Main plan
These challenges call for a toolbox of indicators,
methods and communication platforms, which is an
essential element in the smart sustainable districts
flagship. The following tools and systems will be
developed and implemented within the project in
collaboration with the flagship team:
Indicators and an integration of indicators in
order to easily determine if a measure is
desirable from a combination of economic,
environmental and social points of view.
Strategies and methods for communication
and cooperation with residents in order to win
acceptance for relevant measures as well as
integrating the local knowledge of the residents
in the choice of good solutions.
A platform for communication and exchange of
knowledge between the actors of the project.
Information as well as relevant regulations on
maintenance that guarantees that technical
and aesthetic functions are upheld over the
decades to come.
The district of Johanneberg, in Gothenburg, Sweden, is
a perfect district to implement and study the effect of
these tools for several reasons.
The area has mainly combined sewers. Removing storm
water from the system will give major downstream
benefits in the form of less climate impact of the
wastewater treatment plant, reduced need of future
end-of-pipe investments, reduced combined sewer
overflow and reduced downstream flooding risk.
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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Biodiversity compensation
Constructed facilities for the re-routed storm water in Johanneberg will be designed to
provide biodiversity and compensate for anthropogenic activities in the built
environment. This will be combined with the biodiversity corridors identified through the
Johanneberg district during the recent city planning process.
Several recent studies have focused on assessing the
biodiversity in CSMSs in comparison to natural
environments, and factors that affect this biodiversity.
The results of these studies have emphasised the value
of CSMSs for supporting biodiversity. The factors that
had an effect on the biodiversity included
characteristics of vegetation, water chemistry and
structural configuration of the system. However, while
the positive functions that CSMSs can fulfil for
biodiversity are often acknowledged, quantitative
estimations are scarce. Thus, further knowledge is
needed in order to propose technical design and
provide management recommendations for biodiversitypromoting CSMSs.
Constructed storm water management systems
(CSMSs) have the potential to promote aquatic
biodiversity But have previously been primarily designed
and constructed for the removal of particles and
particle associated pollutants, as well as peak flow
reduction. However, further research is needed in order
to propose technical design and provide management
recommendations for extended, biodiversity-promoting
CSMSs. The aim here is to develop a solution for the
biodiversity compensation for the built environment of
Johanneberg. In this project, we will develop a model to
simulate the influence of environmental factors on the
aquatic biodiversity in CSMSs. The developed model will
be used to design biodiversity-promoting CSMSs in the
Johanneberg district.
The green areas of Johanneberg are linked to provide a
biodiversity corridor and a flight path for a rare species
of woodpecker. Further efforts need to be considered
for the corridor to traverse the campus area into
neighbourhood districts.
Green areas and biodiversity corridor plan
CSMSs can be used to mitigate some of the negative
impacts of the built environment, including biodiversity
decline. CSMSs, like ponds and wetlands, are
traditionally designed to remove pollutants from the
road runoff and to reduce the peak runoff rates.
However, CSMSs are also urban ecosystems, which
provide a range of ecosystem services, such as
regulatory (e.g. in terms of water and air quality),
cultural and biodiversity services. A few recent studies
have indicated that CSMSs may act as a habitat for
native flora and fauna, and contribute to the
maintenance of biodiversity in urban landscapes.
Therefore, CSMSs can be designed to mitigate the
decline in biodiversity caused by urbanisation. However,
the value of CSMSs in terms of supporting biodiversity
has received little attention so far and remains poorly
understood.
AA
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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Johanneberg BREEAM community
A BREEAM community beta-test of the new Swedish manual was carried out in the
latter part of 2013 for Johanneberg. Swedish districts rank high in holistic sustainability
certification and Johanneberg can reach outstanding with some effort in the dialogue
process. This further underlines our aspiration and belief that Johanneberg has the
potential to reach Factor 10.
-
The new Johanneberg Science Park building
BREEAM communities may be considered the most
appropriate classification and certification system for
promoting the planning of a district towards
sustainability. The Sweden Green Building Council
(SGBC) has initiated a cooperation project, sustainability
certification of city districts that involves a wide range of
practitioners. During 2013/2014 SGBC has
commenced the process of producing a Swedish
manual for BREEAM communities where the 40 scored
aspects are adapted to Swedish conditions. The final
beta-test manual will be ready for Sweden in September
2014.
and users. It was demonstrated that Johanneberg
could reach outstanding through a dialogue process
already in the present situation. This further confirms
our belief that a commitment of Johanneberg to a longterm Factor 10 transformation is within reach.
The new Johanneberg Science Park building will be
completed during 2015 with working space for more
than 400 new employees. This without increasing the
number of automobiles in the area.
The BREEAM beta-test was carried out for
Johanneberg during late 2013 with a test of the
manual and a pre-assessment. The beta- test was
under the auspices of Chalmers Fastigheter who
manage many of the buildings in the district. The betatest involved real estate managers, developers, a major
energy company, housing associations, an architect
The Johanneberg district is a green oasis in Gothenburg city with
a wide mix of activities
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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Indicators district & household levels
The Johanneberg district has an available dataset structured on indicators within the
12 environment goals established by the Gothenburg municipality. The availability of
data will enable the smart sustainable district partners to use their toolbox.
The 12 environmental goals set by the municipality of
Gothenburg are supported by an array of indicators
aimed at assessing progress toward specific targets.
This monitoring framework provides details of energy
uses, greenhouse gas emissions and additional
parameters relevant to the Climate-KIC flagship,
including the quality of the built environment and the
operation of the transportation system. While the
indicators are usually presented as aggregates for the
entire municipality, data is available at the district level.
The Johanneberg district will benefit from this existing
indicator framework. Past data will provide a valuable
baseline for the assessment of approaches
implemented in the district and the development of
strategies and scenarios.
Achieving a Factor 10 will require a comprehensive
understanding of the district through detailed
monitoring at household and district levels. Using the
existing indicator framework as a basis, a new
framework will be developed in collaboration with the
municipality and relevant actors to support the multiapproach
of
the
disciplinary,
multi-sectorial
Johanneberg district. The new framework will cover
energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, built
environment,
material
consumption,
mobility,
biodiversity, water, green spaces, noise and socioeconomic dimensions. External factors, such as energy
production or hot water production will be included and
will provide an opportunity to collaborate with industrial
partners in the municipality. While these factors
contribute directly or indirectly to the climate impact of
the district, they will provide a further understanding of
the quality of life changes that may be added benefits of
the climate impact reduction.
Repartition of emissions for the average person in Gothenburg
page 31
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The Challenge Lab
Chalmers has recently established a Masters level initiative that allows students to
develop advanced skills through education and research in tackling the type of challenge
set by Johanneberg district Factor 10.
Challenge Lab, is an arena where students and triple
helix stakeholders come together to develop
transformative ideas and solutions for a sustainable
society, based on a challenge driven approach. With
Challenge Lab, Chalmers wants to develop new forms of
collaboration, involving students from multiple
disciplines and researchers, collaborating within the five
knowledge clusters that have been identified in the
Gothenburg region. The clusters are listed below.
Urban futures
The marine environment and maritime sector
Transport solutions
Green chemistry
Life science
The students are brought closer to industry
governmental organizations for learning about
carrying out research on the transformational
innovative solutions for different societal
environmental challenges.
and
and
and
and
Challenge Lab is currently in a pilot phase where 12
students, from 6 Masters programs and 7 nationalities,
are working on challenges related to sustainable
transportation. In the next phase the Challenge Lab will
be extended to other areas such as the built
environment and energy, as well as material and
production.
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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Replication and upscaling of district
building typologies
A building stock model, based on typologies, is available to determine the replication and
upscaling of the CO2 benefits of Climate-KIC and other innovations to other districts on
national and European scales. Further, the Hammarkullen district, which is a
disadvantaged area with poorer housing in dire need of refurbishment, will be
considered for replication within Gothenburg.
Building typologies
Other
Multi-family dwelling
Rowhouse
Semi-detached
Single-family dwelling
Mixed-use
School / University
Non-residential
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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship A building stock model is available to determine the
replication and upscaling of the CO benefits of
innovations to other districts on national and European
scales. The model is based on building typologies
following the EU building typology that has been
introduced by the EU project Tabula and further
developed in the EU project BEEM UP to calculate the
energy and carbon emission reduction potential of
ambitious energetic refurbishment measures on the
European level. Earlier the building stock model has
already been applied on a city level in
Zurich/Switzerland, a feasibility study has been
conducted for the city of London and is currently applied
in Gothenburg/Sweden.
2
A country’s building stock is categorised into a number
of building types (e.g. apartment block, office),
construction periods or building cohorts (e.g. year of
construction 1961 to 1975). Buildings from identical
construction periods and style usually show similar
properties in size, building envelope quality, etc. For
modelling purposes, each cohort is represented by an
archetype building, from which it is assumed that it has
representative properties for its cohort. This archetype
building then serves as a model building for calculating
space heat and hot water demand. The country´s
Energy demand is determined by a steady state, heating
period space heat demand calculation, based on the
European Standard EN 13790 (Energy performance of
buildings -- Calculation of energy use for space heating
and cooling) and implemented in the TABULA project.
Hot water demand is calculated following the
methodology of the software PHPP (www.passiv.de). The
BEEM-UP model does an energy demand calculation for
the respective archetype buildings before and after
refurbishment.
In order to account for market barriers and other
limitations in applicability, it is possible to introduce a
transferability coefficient. This factor will reduce the
impact of a given measure by 0 to 100%. For instance,
certain insulation types may be applicable to only a part
of a cohort’s buildings. Currently this factor is set to
100%, illustrating the overall potential of the
refurbishment scenario.
Replicable typologies
Although the Johanneberg district will also serve as a
lighthouse to European districts through the SSD
flagship and through the Factor 10 aspiration, in
Gothenburg itself the team has identified the Northeast
area as a further important replication area. The
Northeast is an area demonstrating the 1970’s rapid
expansion into outlying area of the city. Known as the
million program in Sweden these areas lie around the
major cities and have a disproportionate amount of
poorer housing stock and integration issues. As the
million program suggests, this type of housing
represents a significant proportion of the building stock
Chalmers together with the University of Gothenburg
have an established centre within the Northeast in the
Hammarkullen district. This centre (the Centre for
Urban Studies) includes a learning studio where the
focus is on the inclusion of the inhabitants in local
design and planning processes with social capital being
the multicultural environment. Hammarkullen is
interesting as a district, bringing social inclusion into the
Factor 10 process and aspiration. Hammarkullen
represents an area where low housing costs make the
feasibility of regeneration and refurbishment a
challenge. Replication through the insights from
may
enable
this
process
in
Johanneberg
Hammarkullen.
The results, in kWh/m year, are then multiplied with the
cohort’s total floor area (m ), giving total energy demand
per year, i.e. TWh/a. Summing up all of a country’s
cohorts, gives the total demand for the respective
building type.
2
2
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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Creating a new business case out of
the knowledge generated in districts
Johanneberg district will provide a concept for the dramatic reduction in resource use
and a new governance model for stakeholders to provide integrated planning. The
consultancy company Tyréns reveal their ideas for a new business case for this
concept, a business case that is for the benefit of people and society.
page 35
Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Tyréns' expertise within the urban and rural
development sector is founded on our collective ability
to cooperate and interact – with the academy, the
industry, the municipality, our customers and other
actors in society. Planning and developing sustainable
and attractive districts and cities is a tremendous
challenge for all parties. A good sustainable future is not
just about tackling pollution and protecting endangered
species. It’s also about making everyday life liveable for
us all: human wellbeing, economic vitality, a safe
environment for our children and even the small things
such as a pleasant view from the window.
Our survival, as a consultant company, is based on
transferring research results from the Academy into
new business models. R&D-projects, as well as input
from R&D-projects, are an important part of our
strategic work of developing the company for future
challenges. We have developed a business process for
our R&D activities, which includes all the steps from the
idea of the R&D project to implementation of the result
in our business concept. This includes both the Swedish
market and our London-based international business.
The steps in the business model are as follow:
We consider that people, sustainable society,
functionality and design are the four pillars of urban
planning services and advise on a wide spectrum of
projects, ranging from small-scale concept sketches to
complex, large-scale infrastructure projects. As
technological consultants in the urban and rural
development sector, Tyréns supplies products and
services in response to the demands of our clients and
society.
The expertise within Tyréns enables us to offer creative
solutions and advice in urban planning and regional
development. This includes strategic advice along the
entire planning chain and provides environmental
analysis for construction and development projects. Our
strategists, planners, landscape architects and
technical experts provide a comprehensive portfolio of
services tailored to specific needs – whether for new
construction or redevelopment projects.
The concept of the dramatic reduction in resource use
on a district level and a new governance model for
stakeholders will give us knowledge of the integrated
planning and interaction between different detail areas
such as energy, prevention of waste, storm water,
landscaping and water design, green travel and
transport, social dimensions and biodiversity indicators.
These detail areas will affect the human well-being
aspects, technical solutions as well as economic and
market aspects. Offering our client, municipalities and
developers, interdisciplinary competences for the
planning process at a district level will directly include
economic and social aspects in the planning process.
Working closely with the client, we will be able to
combine design with functionality, the environment and
technology to create sustainable design solutions that
benefit people and all of society – always within cost,
environmental and functional parameters.
Based on a planning context we will develop visual
platforms and business models for efficient sustainable
design solutions at the district level for each knowledge
area as business models for integrated planning.
Platforms and governance models will give us an
opportunity to continuously improve ideas; it will also
provide possibilities for follow-up activities and
evaluation.
Relevance of the R&D project idea in our
business including concurrency and market.
Calculation of Business potential for Tyréns.
Need of resources and competence for
implementation of research results of
operations.
Plan and budget for implementation.
Information plan.
Decisions in Tyréns Management for
approval.
Implementation and follow-up on the project.
Sven Tyrén, graduated from Chalmers Technological
Collage in 1936 and founded Tyréns AB in 1942. He
was a visionary pioneer and an entrepreneur who
constantly strived for development and new ideas. He
questioned working methods and initiated changes that
brought his own company to the fore of the business,
while keeping his focus on the business deal and
increasing the profits of his company.
Tyréns today is one of Sweden´s leading
interdisciplinary entrepreneur in urban planning we
specialize in planning and infrastructure solutions that
promote sustainable development of the society. Tyréns
is owned by a private foundation and has today 1300
employees, 20 offices nationwide and a London-based
partner, AKT II and a subsidiary Tari in Tartu, Estonia.
Tyréns is a unique company that carries on a tradition
of long-term thinking and self-financed research and
development, having an owner who is not listed on the
stock market. Today, The Sven Tyrén Trust annually
finances a number of developing projects and the
research of aspiring PhDs and professors in the
development of the sector and in combination with
other financers. Examples of areas where Tyréns has
funded R&D-projects are geophysical measurement
methods, BIM, GIS, soil remediation, energy efficient
buildings, industrialized construction, reduce waste in
the construction process. Tyréns of today follows the
idea of Sven Tyrén –continuously developing new
business ideas as the output of research and
developing projects and cooperation we are involved in.
Johanneberg is an outstanding test-bed for
implementing research results as a business case,
which will fulfil the ideas of Sven Tyrén.
page 36