1
Appendix
2
Short characterisation of the sample spots
Abbreviations: Nu: Nützel / Se: Seuß; 05: year 2005 / 07: year 2007; ↑ upper part of
thin section; ↓ lower part of thin section
Sample set 1 (Figs. 4A-C, 7D, 9C, 12D, F, 13E, 15F)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term
Dunham
N 34° 26’ 44.5”
W 96° 57’ 41.6”
Thickness
1.1
#1c, Nu05
pack- to grainstone
1.2
#1e, Nu05
foraminifer-pack- to grainstone
1.3
B1a, Se07
pack- to grainstone
10-15 cm
1.4
B1b, Se07
floatstone
~ 10 cm
1.5
B1c, Se07
pack- to grainstone
~ 25 cm
1.6
B1d, Se07
floatstone
~ 40 cm, up to 80
cm
1.7
Congl. 1, Se07 a-c: rudstone (conglomerate)
mudstone
No thin section prepared, poorly
cemented
Sample set 1 of the quarry includes five sediment layers at the northern quarry wall at the
south-western end of the pit. It also represents the only sample spot where accurate
measurements of thickness could be taken and strike and dip (33° / 34°) could be measured.
The uppermost layer is a conglomerate. Sample 1.1 and 1.2 were taken in 2005. In 2007 a
complete and oriented series of rock samples (1.3 to 1.7) was taken for additional thin
sections. The layer beneath 1.3 is poorly cemented and no oriented thin section could be
prepared. The sediment contains numerous fossils, especially of one species of brachiopod
(Anthracospirifer opimus). The series of sediments show different colouration depending on
the amount of asphalt and oxidation. The asphalt content is high in sample 1.4 and 1.3, 1.5
and 1.6 have lower amount of asphalt. Samples 1.3 to 1.6 wedge out towards the Northeast
and possibly represent channel fills.
Sample set 2 (Figs. 4D, E, 5F, 8E, 11A-C, 12E)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term Dunham
N 34° 26’ 45.0”
2.1
W 96° 57’ 40.2”
#2, Nu05
a: floatstone
b: ↑ floatstone & ↓ pack- to grainstone
c: floatstone
2.2
B2a, Se07 a & b: pack- to grainstone
2.3
B2b, Se07 rudstone, no thin section, to less consolidated
2.4
B2c, Se07 a: rudstone
b: ↑ pack- to grainstone; ↓ floatstone
3
c: ↑ pack- to grainstone ; ↓ floatstone
d: floatstone
Sample set 2 is taken from a toppled block at the north quarry wall in the southwestern part
of the quarry, which was probably pushed aside during earlier quarrying operations. This
displaced block with Naticopsis and Chaetetes is supposed to derive from the base of the
quarry. This estimation is confirmed by Squires (1973) notation, that Chaetetes commonly
occurs in a bed near the base of the quarry section. The sediments are unlike layers
exposed near the top of the northern quarry wall regarding lithology, cementation and biota.
Sediments of sample set 2 contain a large amount of wood and other plant fragments
(samples 2.2 with small remains, sample 2.3 with residues in dm-size). The surface of
samples 2.1a to 2.1c (sampled in 2005 by Nützel, corresponding 2.4) and 2.4 contains many
gastropods. The largest neritimorph gastropods taken in the quarry occur here, with
diameters of at least 10 cm and height of at least 7 cm. The rock contains a high amount of
asphalt, is partly well consolidated and contains gravel-sizes clasts. Samples 2.1b and 2.4b,
c show graded bedding (fining upward) indicating the sediments were deposited as mass
flows or storm deposits/tempestites (note that the samples are taken from a toppled block,
rotated 90°).
Sample set 3 (Fig. 4C)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term Dunham
N 34° 26’ 45.6”
3.1
#3, Nu05
W 96° 57’ 39.9”
a: floatstone
b: float- to rudstone
3.2
B3, Se07
floatstone
This sample set was taken at a height of about 2.5 m above surface in the northeastern part
of the north quarry wall in an area where the quarry wall is covered by soil. Channels are
present that are filled with fine shell bioclasts and are more fossiliferous than the surrounding
sediments. The samples collected contain less asphalt than the channel fills.
Sample set 4 (Figs. 5A, 7A, B, 8B, 9A, 14C-E, 15B)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term Dunham
N 34° 26’ 45.5”
W 96° 57’ 39.4”
4.1
#4, Nu05
nautiloid-floatstone
4.2
B4, Se07
a & b : floatstone
Sample set 4 is rich in asphalt that colours the rock dark brown. The layer represents the
bottom of the trench and weathers greyish. The rock is relatively ductile. This sample
contains greatest number of ammonoids, orthoceratids and coiled nautiloids (some of them
with nacreous luster) compared with all other rock samples taken from the quarry, and thus
4
can be named nautiloid-floatstone. The nautiloid-sizes range from millimetres up to at least
10 cm or more in diameter for orthoconic nautiloids. The coiled nautiloid Metacoceras sp.
reaches a diameter of up to 30 cm. Sample 4 seems to consist of two nautiloid-layers. The
upper layer is dominated by coiled nautiloids; only a few bivalves and gastropods were
observed. The lower layer is dominated by orthoconic nautiloids and contains only few coiled
nautiloids; the layer almost completely lacks other invertebrate fauna. Plant remains are
present and pebbles are common. The samples were taken on the left and right walls of the
northeastern quarry area.
Sample set 5 (Figs. 5B, 9D)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term
Dunham
N 34° 26’ 45.9”
float- to rudstone
W 96° 57’ 38.7”
5.1
#5, Nu05
5.2
above 5.1, Se07 rudstone: breccia
Sample 5.1 is from a small outcrop of greyish-dark rock at the northern wall at the northeastern end of the quarry. It is overlain by a well-cemented tectonic breccia with angular
chert clasts (sample 5.2) and an underlying soft silty layer. The samples were taken at the
east wall of the quarry.
Sample set 6 (Figs. 4C, 7C, 8A, 11D, 14B, F, 15D, E)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term Dunham
N 34° 26’ 45.7”
W 96° 57’ 39.0”
6.1
#6, Nu05
floatstone
6.2
B6, Se07
mud- to wackestone alternating with packto grainstone
Sample set 6 is 6.5m southwest of sample 5, consisting an at least 40 cm thick fine-grained
sediment layer. The deposit contains two different lithologies. One lithology is a floatstone
(sample 6.1) with fossils that retain nacreous luster. The second lithology is a channel fill with
pack- to grainstones and wackestones (sample 6.2).
Sample set 7 (Figs. 5C, 8C, F, 11F, 15C)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term Dunham
N 34° 26’ 46.7”
W 96° 57’ 36.7”
7.1
#7, Nu05
a & b: rudstone (conglomerate)
7.2
B7, Se07
rudstone
This sample set is from a dark grey conglomerate located at the northeastern end of the
outcrop. The conglomerate contains more matrix than 1.7 and 5.2 and consists of asphalticmuddy matrix with floating pebbles. The conglomerate might represent a large channel fill
5
and holds abundant chert clasts, sparse neritimorphs, red algae, foraminifers and nautiloids.
It is similar to sample 10.2 which was taken about 30 to 40 metres southwest of sample 7.
Sample set 8 (Figs. 5D, 7E)
GPS-data (NAD 84)
Samples
Field term
Dunham
N 34° 26’ 44.6”
8
Ba, Se07
pack- to grainstone
W 96° 57’ 41.5”
Sample 8 was taken at the south-western edge of the quarry at the southern quarry wall. It is
in direct contact with sample 9 separated only by a fissure. It is a massive, drop-shaped
block of fine-grained asphaltic sediment. Connection to other samples can’t be established
because the main part of the sample is covered with soil, vegetation and sample 9.
Sample set 9 (Fig. 5D)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term Dunham
N 34° 26’ 44.5”
9
Bb, Se07
pack- to grainstone
W 96° 57’ 41.2”
Sample 9 is the overlying sediment north-east of sample 8 and similar to this deposit. It is
also fine grained and most of the sample is covered by soil and vegetation.
Sample set 10 (Figs. 5E; 7F)
GPS-data (NAD 84) Samples Field term Dunham
N 34° 26’ 45.3”
W 96° 57’ 39.8”
10.1
Bc2, Se07 pack- to grainstone
10.2
Bc1, Se07 a & b: rudstone (conglomerate)
Sample 10 at the southern quarry wall consists of two lithologies, a pack- to grainstone and a
rudstone. The rudstone (conglomerate) may be part of sample 7, but contains fewer and
smaller clasts (commonly chert) and more asphaltic matrix. The pack- to grainstone overlies
the conglomerate conformably and is similar to e.g. sample 1.1.
The amount of asphalt makes it difficult to determine what was in pore spaces before
the hydrocarbons intruded. The general observation is that the darker the thin section, the
higher the asphalt content. Where there are areas of lighter brown colour, the matrix
sometimes consists of cements and asphalt. Thus we decided to classify samples as grainto packstones instead of a pure grain- or packstone. Calcite cement is often coloured as
shades of brown due to variable quantities of included asphalt. All prepared samples used in
this study are listed according to the lithologies (Tab 1), but only a selection of thin sections
(Figs. 11C - F; 12; 13A - D) were chosen to represent the facies types in the quarry.
6
Photographs of details of the thin sections were selected from all samples (Figs. 14 - 19).
The dominant lithologies are pack- to grainstones and floatstones.