Bio-chem
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Be able to recognize an example of capillarity
Know the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
 Saturated is straight
 Unsaturated is bent and has double bonds
What is an organic substance as opposed to an inorganic one?
 Organic comes from something that is alive or was once alive.
Water is a polar molecule-know what this means and be able to describe why water acts like a magnet.
 Polar means that it has a slightly opposite electric charge at opposite ends.
Know monomers for: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (remember lipids have 2 monomers), and nucleic acids.
 Monomer for carbs. are: monosaccharides (glucose)
 Monomer for proteins are: amino acids
 Monomers for lipids are: fatty acids & Glycerol
 Monomers for nucleic acids are: nucleotides
Know that dehydration synthesis is name of the reaction when amino acids bond to form proteins-know also
what is lost in this reaction.
 The bond that holds amino acids together is a peptide bond.
 During dehydration synthesis water is lost.
Know what kind of organic molecule an enzyme is, and what it does.
 Enzymes are proteins; they are natural enzymes that speed up chemical reactions.
Know the elements that make up each of the organic molecules.
 Proteins: carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
 Carbohydrates: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
 Lipids: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
 Nucleic acids: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Know the functions of each of the organic molecules
 Proteins: transport O2, immunity, Form muscle, skin and hair
 Carbohydrates: main source for energy
 Lipids: store energy, conserve heat, protect vital organs, chemical messengers, cell membranes
 Nucleic acids: stores information to make proteins, stores genetic code.
Cells
1) Write the three parts to the cell theory
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1. All living things are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
2) What are the two main differences between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
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No membrane bound organelles
No nucleus
3) What is the energy molecule called? ATP
4) What organelle makes the energy molecule?
Mitochondria
5) Which one is a plant cell, A or B? A
A
B
6) Isotonic
7)hypotonic
8)hypertonic
True or False:
9) Osmosis is the movement of water toward
higher solutes. T
10) Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
high concentration to low concentration. T
DNA Terminology:
1. Chromatin-uncoiled thread-like DNA found in a non-dividing cell.
2. Chromosomes-tightly coiled rods of DNA found in dividing cells.
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Double Chromosome-two sister chromatids linked by a centromere
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Chromatid-half of a double chromosome.
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Homologous Chromosomes-chromosomes that have the same genes coded on them.
3. Nucleotides-are structures that the DNA double helix is made of.
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Three parts to the nucleotide:
1. Phosphate group
2. 5-carbon pentose sugar called deoxyribose
3. Nitrogenous base (A,T,C, or G)
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A=Adenine
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G=Guanine
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T=Thymine
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C=Cytosine
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A-T always bond together and G-C always bond together.
4. Genes-are a sequence of nucleotides that hold a distinct position on a chromosome and tell your body
what proteins to make.
5. “N” number-refers to the number of chromosomes a cell has.
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2N=diploid cells=somatic cells=body cells=full set of chromosomes
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1N=haploid cells=gametes=sex cells=1/2 set of chromosomes.
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Human’s have 46 chromosomes
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Human gametes have 23 chromosomes
The cell cycle and mitosis:
1. The cell cycle is a sequence of cell growth and division-it consists of 3 parts
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Interphase
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Mitosis
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Cytokinesis
I-interphase
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Longest part of the cell cycle
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The two most significant events are cell growth and DNA replication.
3. Mitosis stages in order
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P-prophase-chromatin coils into chromosomes, centrioles (animal cell) move to poles,
nucleus and nucleolus disintegrate.
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M-metaphase- chromosomes line up at the equator.
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A-anaphase-sister chromatids are seperated at the centromere and are pulled by spindle
fibers to each pole of the cell.
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T-telophase-chromosomes are at each pole of the cell and unwinding back into
chromatin. Cleavage furrow forms in animal cells, and cell plate forms in plant cells.
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C-cytokinesis
Be able to name these parts of the microscope
Word bank
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Arm
Base
Body tube
Coarse adjustment
Diaphragm
Eyepiece
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Fine adjustment
Light source
Objective
Revolving Nosepiece
Stage
5. Stage clips
6.