Table S1. Demographic data and risk factors for allergic diseases in children grouped
according to living environment (rural village, rural town and urban area)
Rural village
Rural town
Urban area
p-value
Number (%)
478
567
783
Age (Year)
11.170.88
11.160.89
10.940.85
< 0.001
Sex (Male, %)
242(50.6%)
276(48.7%)
377(48.1%)
< 0.05
BMI*
18.973.21
18.763.29
19.383.30
0.003
Parental history of allergic
85/466(18.2%)
111/545(20.4%)
202/614(32.9)%
< 0.001
Eosinophil (%)
3.852.92
3.732.73
3.402.51
0.015
Total IgE (IU/mL)
281.69472.08
311.96536.88
150.94286.02
< 0.001
Number of allergen sensitization
159/448 (35.5%)
171/441 (38.8%)
286/618 (46.3%)
< 0.001
diseases
Economic state
< 0.001
Low
192(46.7%)
131(26.7%)
76(12.3%)
Middle
208(50.6%)
315(64.3%)
475(76.7%)
High
11(2.7%)
44(9.0%)
68(11.0%)
Current dog owner
203/394(51.5%)
142/437(32.5%)
113/596(19.0%)
< 0.001
Current cat owner
39/368(10.6%)
25/409(6.1%)
26(4.5%)
0.001
Older siblings
311/471(66%)
324/554(58.5%)
353/753(46.9%)
< 0.001
Younger siblings
234/469(49.9%)
247/554(44.6%)
296/761(38.9%)
0.001
Birth by Cesarian section
131/446(29.4%)
159/509(31.2%)
248/663(37.4%)
0.010
Breast feeding
295/448(65.8%)
295/517(57.1%)
366/664(55.1%)
0.001
ETS exposure
246/447(55%)
230/505(45.5%)
250/650(38.5%)
< 0.001
Antibiotic use during infancy
56/436(12.8%)
113/508(22.2%)
206/667(30.9%)
< 0.001
Helminth infection
31/346(9.0%)
30/421(7.1%)
27/568(4.8%)
0.011
Routine vaccination
376/445(84.5%)
439/516(85.1%)
616/667(92.4%)
0.016
Agricultural or livestock farming
207/445(46.5%)
79/507(15.6%)
22/634(3.5%)
< 0.001
51/444(11.7%)
17/514(3.3%)
8/661(1.2%)
< 0.001
12/429(2.9%)
7/503(1.4%)
11/640(1.7%)
0.233
Pregnancy
56/303(18.5%)
25/364(6.9%)
23/514(4.5%)
< 0.001
Aged < 1 yr
75/467(16.1%)
20/545(3.7%)
2/656(0.3%)
< 0.001
Current
74/467(15.8%)
20/545(2.8%)
3/656(0.5%)
< 0.001
parents
Agricultural or livestock farming
mother (during pregnancy)
Consumption of whole milk
Farm animal contact
Values represent the means  SD or n (%)
Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test
BMI, body mass index; ETS, environmental tobacco smoking
Table S2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors (adjusted* odds ratio, 95% CI)
for allergic diseases and atopy
Asthma
Asthma
Current
Allergic
Current
Atopic
Current
symptom
diagnosis,
asthma‡
rhinitis
allergic
dermatitis
atopic
ever (VQ) †
ever
diagnosis
rhinitis
diagnosis
dermatitis
ever
Agricultural or
Atopy
ever
1.031
0.834
0.572
0.642
0.582
0.783
0.878
0.910
(0.604-
(0.490-
(0.190-
(0.439-
(0.368-
(0.555-
(0.542-
(0.672-
1.759)
1.420)
1.728)
0.940)
0.920)
1.105)
1.424)
1.233)
0.896
0.394
0.553
0.388
0.217
0.279
0.828
(0.205-
(0.051-
(0.178-
(0.085-
(0.050-
(0.037-
(0.332-
3.921)
3.066)
1.714)
1.768)
0.941)
2.127)
2.063)
1.363
0.836
0.582
0.855
0.802
1.182
1.767
1.280
(0.826-
(0.506-
(0.186-
(0.614-
(0.543-
(0.867-
(1.151-
(0.962-
2.251)
1.380)
1.824)
1.190)
1.184)
1.611)
2.713)
1.703)
0.879
0.835
1.187
0.565
0.712
0.571
0.542
1.028
(0.410-
(0.405-
(0.337-
(0.330-
(0.397-
(0.345-
(0.256-
(0.685-
1.884)
1.720)
4.174)
0.965)
1.277)
0.945)
1.150)
1.545)
1.227
0.768
0.740
0.567
0.567
0.971
0.784
0.925
(0.735-
(0.447-
(0.275-
(0.389-
(0.366-
(0.698-
(0.475-
(0.682-
2.050)
1.319)
1.988)
0.824)
0.877)
1.351)
1.295)
1.253)
0.792
0.722
1.513
0.904
0.930
0.913
1.063
0.685
(0.523-
(0.487-
(0.670-
(0.691-
(0.680-
(0.706-
(0.734-
(0.540-
1.201)
1.070)
3.416)
1.183)
1.273)
1.181)
1.539)
0.868)
livestock
farming
parents
Farm animal
-
contact
during
pregnancy
Farm animal
contact,
current
Stable
ownership
Pet ownership
Breast milk
feeding
Birth by
1.160
0.845
0.951
1.121
1.074
0.918
0.941
1.092
(0.749-
(0.552-
(0.425-
(0.846-
(0.771-
(0.698-
(0.639-
(0.850-
1.797)
1.294)
2.218)
1.485)
1.496)
1.206)
1.385)
1.402)
0.714
0.582
0.643
0.491
0.556
0.812
1.539
0.691
(0.469-
(0.391-
(0.295-
(0.375-
(0.407-
(0.627-
(1.042-
(0.545-
1.087)
0.867)
1.403)
0.642)
0.761)
1.052)
2.273)
0.877)
1.221
1.928
1.824
1.535
1.727
1.597
1.585
1.231
(0.748-
(1.262-
(0.794-
(1.139-
(1.231-
(1.193-
(1.057-
(0.931-
1.994)
2.945)
4.189)
2.069)
2.431)
2.136)
2.379)
1.631)
0.816
1.355
3.357
1.169
1.442
0.761
0.577
1.222
(0.284-
(0.558-
(0.869-
(0.637-
(0.745-
(0.395-
(0.203-
(0.702-
2.340)
3.295)
12.964)
2.145)
2.793)
1.464)
1.639)
2.216)
Cesarian
section
Older siblings
Antibiotic use
during infancy
Helminth
infection
* Adjusted for age, sex, parental income, parental history of allergic diseases, BMI, and exposure to
tobacco smoke.
†
Lifetime prevalence of wheezing symptoms defined by video questionnaire (VQ)
‡
Defined as having allergic symptoms within the last 12 months and doctor diagnosis of allergic
disease