SAFETY MANAGEMENT TRAINING IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY IN HONG KONG
KWOK WING KEUNG
Industrial Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
October 1997
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the current trend of safety management training in Hong Kong. It is the great
determination of the Hong Kong Government to improve health and safety of workers in the industrial
undertakings, in particular the construction industry. The new policy is to place emphasis on safety
management and new legislation is being enacted. It upsurges a great demand of safety professionals as well
as engineering professionals who can manage safety. Tertiary educational institutions take vital roles in
increasing and developing more training programmes for the engineering and construction students. With this
regard, new curricula are prepared for full time undergraduate students, more part-time courses. Short
courses of different levels are being launched to meet the imminent needs in the industry.
The author will generally account on statutory requirements on safety officers, training of safety officers in
Hong Kong. The existing safety programmes and syllabi of engineering and construction students are
reviewed. To cope with the new move, more safety topics especially, more elements of safety management
will be incorporated in the training programmes. At the same time, new courses of certificate level, degree
level and higher degree level are being organised and implemented. Future trends of safety management
training and its implication are discussed.
Keywords: Safety management, construction, training
Introduction
The economic success in Hong Kong in the past decades is undeniable, the achievement of the construction
industry have been impressive, it contributes on average 5% of Hong Kong’s GDP from 1984 to 1993 (Ref.
1). However, the safety performance in the construction industry was unsatisfactory among the industries in
Hong Kong (Ref. 2). The average accident rate per thousand workers in the past ten years in the construction
sector was about 330, which is an unacceptable high figure in comparing with the developed countries. Since
1986 the Hong Kong Government have forced the proprietors in the construction industry to employ their
own safety officers by law to safeguard the safety and health of their employees working on site. In 1995,
after a consultation paper on the Review of Industrial Safety in Hong Kong, the Government set objectives to
improve occupational health and safety of workers in the industrial undertakings, in particular the
construction industry.
The new strategy is to place emphasis on self-regulation policy and new legislation will be enacted safety
management issues. No matter by legislative or non-legislative routes, management of course would play
more vital roles in different levels to safeguard health and safety in workplaces. The new challenge strive an
imminent demand on knowledge of safety management on not only the existing safety practitioners but also
the engineering professionals. This paper provides a general review on the safety management training for
the safety officers and construction students in Hong Kong.
Registered Safety Officers (RSO)
It is a legal requirement that the proprietor of a construction company or a shipyard with 100 or more
employees has to employ a registered safety officer to promote health and safety of persons employed. A
registered safety officer should at least holds a certificate in industrial safety or occupational hygiene with
not less than 2 years relevant experience or a degree or diploma in industrial safety, occupational hygiene of
specified subjects with not less than 1 year relevant experience.
From a recent report on “Review of the Role and Training of Safety Officers and Proposed Amendments to
the F&IU (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations prepared by the Labour Department of Hong
Kong, there are about 1,147 RSO and 88% of them are currently engaged in the profession (Ref. 3). The
traditional duties of a safety officer are mainly on inspecting the industrial undertaking and advise the
proprietors as to take safety measures in the interest of the safety and health of the persons employed. In this
respect, the preceding curricula for training the safety officers are primarily safety technology oriented. Take
example of the Certificate Course in Industrial Safety organised by the Industrial Centre of the Hong Kong
Polytechnic University (HKPolyU), students have to complete three modules namely “Industrial Safety law
and Hygiene” and “Industrial Safety Technology” and “Industrial Accident Prevention and Field Studies”.
The 210-hours part time certificate course is recognised by the Labour Department of Hong Kong as
academic qualification leading to the registration of a safety officer. The proportion of management related
elements were relatively inadequate. Those safety officers wants to enhance their safety and management
knowledge can take a 180-hours part time post experienced certificate course in Advanced Industrial Safety.
The syllabuses cover more safety management aspects and advanced safety technology.
Safety Management Training for Safety Professionals
It is a consensus that safety would be an integral part of management, safety officer would be getting more
involved and bear more duties in safety management activities. Safety management becomes an
indispensable training for safety officers. In view of the growing demand of safety professionals and safety
management knowledge in the industry, the HKPolyU took active approach to develop suitable teaching
programmes to meet the requirement. In this session of the paper, new syllabus of the safety course and
further education for safety officers are revealed. A new safety programme designed for the construction
students will be discussed in the later part.
Proposed Curriculum for Certificate Course in Industrial Safety
The existing safety certificate programme is restructured while the total teaching time of 210-hours
requirement of the Labour Department will be persisted. Instead of three modules, it will be modified into
four modules: 1. Safety Law and Hygiene. 2. Safety Technology. 3. Safety Management Techniques and 4.
Safety Inspection and Accident Investigation Practice. The revised curriculum will have more coverage in
width of safety law and safety management. In the module of Safety Management Techniques, students are
expect to understand the latest elopement of legislation and the principles of various safety management
techniques used in industry; and be able to apply them in their organisation for accident prevention.
The outlined syllabus of the module of Safety Management Techniques is listed as below :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Principles of Accident Prevention
Risk Assessment
Key Elements of Safety Management System
Assessment of Safety Management System including Safety Audit
System Safety Analysis
In addition to the input of enhanced management elements, the revised syllabus of the course will be
conducted in a more practically oriented manner. Students will be trained to conduct effective safety
investigation and write good reports. Good communication skill is essential for effective management and
key element to make safety management system successful.
Postgraduate Scheme in Occupational Safety & Health (POSH)
To provide opportunity for the safety professionals to further advance their safety management knowledge,
an integrated Postgraduate Scheme in Occupational Safety & Health (POSH) was co-organised by the
Industrial Centre and the Professional & Continuing Education Centre of the HKPolyU and the University of
Western Sydney, Australia in 1996. On completion of the programme, students will be awarded Graduate
Diploma of Applied Science (Occupational Safety & Health) and Master of Applied Science (Safety
Management) respectively.
Safety Training for Construction Students
It is a wish in the whole society to create culture of safety in the industry. Building a safety culture is an
ultimate goal to be achieved across the whole construction sector in Hong Kong. It is necessary to educate
everyone to accept that “Construction safety is duty of all”. Safety awareness is originated from safety
education and training. In a small scaled survey I did in 1995, I found that not too many engineers of senior
level have received safety training. However, it is encouraging to see that young engineers could have better
opportunities to receive safety education (Ref. 4). There is an imminent need to enhance safety training for
both the practicing engineers and the potential engineers in the universities.
Proposed Curriculum for Construction Students
In response to the invitation of the Construction Advisory Board to give emphasis to education on safety
management in tertiary institutions, construction related departments of the HKPolyU have made
commitments incorporating safety components in their course curriculum. A working group of the
Construction Faculty discussed with the Industrial Centre in 1966; my colleagues and I initiated and designed
two modules of safety training programmes, Construction Safety I and Construction Safety II. Construction
Safety I will take 35 student effort hours to complete and students will gain 1 credit while he/she can gain 2
credits in completion of Construction Safety II. The Industrial Centre with its safety training background and
experience will be responsible for of the programmes commencing in 1988. Currently, during their training
time in the Industrial Centre, every engineering/construction students already have to undertake 15 hours
industrial safety training. It provides students with only basic knowledge on health and safety at work
Curriculum of “Construction Safety I & II”
Certainly, curricula of “Construction Safety I & II” are designed to meet the prospective trend of the
industry. Its emphasis is placed upon safety awareness and the engineering / management issues associated
with construction safety (Ref. 5).
The proposed curriculum of “Construction Safety II” module include i to VI below, while “Construction
Safety I” is consists of i, iii and VI only:
i.
Overview - Introduction to construction safety. Professional responsibility. Historical background and
current perspective. Construction safety practices in other developed countries. Government’s policy in
industrial safety. Safety and health law in Hong Kong. Accident Statistics in local construction industry.
ii.
Occupational Health Practice - Related statutory requirements and regulations. Dust hazards and control.
Noise assessment and control measures. Hearing conservation. Respiratory protection.
iii. Construction Safety - Construction sites (Safety) Regulations. Codes of practice. Potential hazards and
risks associated with construction sites. Working in confined space, at height and in high-risk
construction activities. Case studies.
iv. Safety Technology - Principles of risk & loss control. Engineering control measures. First aids.
Housekeeping. Manual lifting. Fire safety. Electrical hazards. Machinery safety. Personal protection
equipment (PPE). Machine guarding. Needs for preventive maintenance. Case studies.
v.
Accident Prevention - Principles of accident prevention - e.g. Causation models. Job safety analysis.
Fault tree analysis. Accident reporting procedures. Follow-up actions.
vi. Construction Safety Management Issues - Management and employee responsibilities. Safety policy and
safety plans. Safety committee. Safety officers. Safety inspection. Safety audits. Safety operation
procedures. Safety training for employees. Selection and control of subcontractor. Emergency plan.
Conclusion
Self-management will be a worldwide trend to safeguard health and safety at workplaces. The
implementation of new safety policy in Hong Kong upsurges a great demand of safety professionals as well
as engineering professionals who can manage safety. The tertiary educational institutions play important role
to offer appropriate training programmes to train up safety professionals competent to meet the new safety
management approach. In order to assure high quality of safety professionals serving the industry, a new set
of criteria will be incorporated to amend the current F&IU (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors)
Regulations. This will include revalidation of registered safety officer’s registration. In addition to
enhancement of the structured part-time safety courses, there is a need to provide relevant continuous
development programmes for the practising safety officers in particular the safety management subjects.
Engineers should participate more and take active part in minimising site accidents. Most of the construction
professionals agree that management should be responsible for accidents. Safety at work is an important
element of management. Series of safety management related legislation would be enacted shortly in Hong
Kong (Ref. 6). The first one will be the Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance. It will extend the
coverage of protecting employee’s safety and health to workplaces other than industrial undertakings In due
course F&IU (Safety Management) Regulations will be added to the existing F&IU Ordinance later this year.
It implies that a higher level of legal liability will be imposed onto construction professionals. Engineers
should be equipped to face the coming challenge. They should continuously develop themselves and catch
up with up-to-date safety knowledge. The curricula of construction studies in tertiary education should be
reviewed periodically to meet the need of the industry.
References
1.
Chan W.T., Engineers Towards a Safe Working Environment, The Hong Kong Engineers - Engineering
for Safety Conference, 1997
2.
Secretary for Education and Manpower of Hong Kong Government, Consultation paper on the Review
of Industrial Safety in Hong Kong, 1995 (Education and Manpower Branch of Hong Kong Government)
3.
Report on “Review of the Role and Training of Safety Officers and Proposed Amendments to the F&IU
(Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations prepared by the Labour Department of Hong
Kong, 1997
4.
Kwok W.K., Tang S.L. & Poon S.W., Perception of Construction Professionals on Construction Safety
and Imminent Need of Safety Training in Health and Safety Training in Hong Kong, International
Conference on Construction Training 1996
5.
Poon S.K. Kwok W.K., Proposed Syllabus of Industrial Safety for HKPolyU CLU Undergraduates/HD
students, 1996
6. Lee K.F., Hong Kong Safety Record in Context, 13th Asian Pacific Occupational Safety & Heath
Organisation Conference, 1997
.