Mark Wycliffe Samuel
15, Grove Road,
Ramsgate,
Kent CT11 9SH
Tel.
+44 01843 585792
e-mail: twoarches@aol.com
www.architecturalarchaeology.com
Profile
Mark Samuel is an archaeologist, expert in recording and analysing British
architecture of Roman to twentieth-century date. He has special expertise in
medieval masonry architecture. He worked as an archaeologist at the
Museum of London, writing and illustrating publications and has lectured on
London’s Archaeology in the Continuing Education Department at City
University.
Dr. Samuel offers a rare combination of art historical knowledge with a
background in rigorous archaeological methodology and recording. The
application of such knowledge to documentary records is a particular interest.
He has published extensively on the subject of medieval architecture and its
role in monasticism. He has also published works on medieval castles and
those of Ireland formed the basis of his PhD thesis. He has also ventured into
more popular subjects such as a widely-acclaimed work on Blarney Castle
(CUP) with his wife. In January 2008 he became a Fellow of the Society of
Antiquaries.
Employment History
Currently (2001 to date)
Architectural Archaeology was set up to undertake freelance projects relating
to the archaeology of buildings, specialising in standing structure recording,
moulded stone assemblages and related topographical research, including the
interpretation of antiquarian records of vanished structures. historic building
recording and watching brief work at listed properties and churches. Past
clients include the Museum of London (Westminster Hall, Torre Abbey), St
Paul’s Cathedral, PCA, Canterbury Archaeology Trust, Cambridge
Archaeology Unit, as well as various developers, architectural partnerships,
consultative agencies, conservation bodies and private individuals.
He has carried out assessments of recently-excavated and historic lapidary
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collections, as well as publications involving CAD reconstructions such as the
Guildhall Porch (London) and Selborne Abbey, Hampshire. MIF
More recently he has contributed to projects involving medieval and
ecclesiastical architecture. The Selborne Priory excavations (Hampshire) and
thematic publications (such as a recent project dealing with the architecture of
London’s medieval friaries) have all involved his work. A recent book of
international significance dealing with the archaeology of pre-fire St Paul’s
(English Heritage) contains a reconstruction of the long-lost (E) Rose Window.
Work of a strictly commercial nature has been of importance. Most of this
being carried out in Kent. This has required learning about a much wider
range of buildings, including industrial buildings and WW2 defensive
architecture as well as ‘post-medieval’ vernacular architecture including
traditional farm buildings.
This diversity is illustrated by work carried out in 2013-4. A steady stream of
assessment of architectural fragments has been carried out for excavation
units. Noted examples include St Augustine’s Abbey (Canterbury
Archaeological Trust) and several hundred fragments from the lost Cluniac
Priory at Cambridge (Oxford Archaeology East).
Historic-building activities have included the recording and research of WW2
anti-invasion defences at Pegwell Bay (Thanet District Council) and the
recording and analysis of a part of Stowe School, after intervention revealed
Vanbrugh-period brick fabric (the structure may have been a purpose-built
barn designed by him). In 2014, such work included carrying out a detailed
Statement of Heritage Significance for Ramboll of Bower House (a Grade 2* listed
house in Havering and one of the first works of Flitcroft), an archaeological
and documentary study of Smeaton’s dry dock in Ramsgate for
waterfrontsnl.com (Yacht Valley Project) and a detailed archaeological
analysis of the George, Great Missenden, for Turley (acting for Amplio
Developments).
Some work has recently been carried out as part of public outreach for Kent
County Council (Randall Manor) and Thanet Archaeology Group (Pegwell
Bay Defences) and the Defence of Kent Project (KCC) .
Mark Samuel is the co-author of a definitive account of Blarney Castle,
published by Cork University Press in February 2008. He has also coauthored recent publications of excavations of Winchester Palace and
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Bermondsey Abbey (Southwark). He is currently writing a popular book
about the Claudian invasion of Britain.
October 2000-2003
City University Visiting Lecturer (part-time)
Taught Adult Education courses on Roman & Medieval London’s key
archaeological sites
1984 -2001 Museum of London
1990-2001 Worked Stone Researcher Specialist Services
Responsibilities:
· Advising archaeologists on the retention and conservation of architectural
fragments,
· Carrying out assessments of excavated fragments for UPDs.
· Recording and archiving architectural fragments, including database entry
· The analysis and academic research into these fragments,
· Reconstruction using drawing and CAD
· Writing academically-vetted archive and publication reports
· Recording standing structures prior to demolition and alteration.
HISTORIC BUILDINGS EXPERT
Achievements include:
· Significantly advanced the acceptance of architectural stone fragments as a
valid area of study amongst the academic and museum community.
· A body of work published in national journals.
· Contributions to ground-breaking, integrated archaeological reports
written by an internationally-recognised team of archaeologists and
specialists.
· Creation of striking reconstruction drawings of Leadenhall Market, St.
Mary Clerkenwell, Merton Priory and many other sites, using both
traditional methods and CAD.
· The successful combination of traditional art historical and archival
research techniques with research. This work has been integrated with
state-of-the-art excavation methodologies and with databases.
· Advised on correct conservation and display of masonry remains of
Edward III’s palace for the LDDC.
· CAD Reconstruction of a pillar from Inigo Jones’s St. Paul’s portico for
William Whitfield Partners.
· CAD Reconstruction of the East Window of Old St Paul’s after identifying
two of its fragments for Dr John Schofield’s 2012 publication.
· Initiated a project to develop an innovative computer database for worked
stones.
· Problem-solving on sites, adapting methodologies to arrive at the most
appropriate to the circumstance.
· Naturalistic reconstruction illustrations of monastic buildings based on
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·
CAD underlay.
Reconstructing systems of historic defence (WW2) through field recording
and map-regression/aerial photographs
1987-1990 Supervisor/Worked stone researcher Archaeology Service
Responsibilities:
· Writing archive and publication reports on buildings excavated in
London.
· Assessment of worked stones excavated in the Greater London area.
Achievements
· The publication of the report on the fifteenth-century Leadenhall Market.
· Successfully applied to English Heritage for grant to assess architectural
fragments.
· Learned to record standing structures (Lambeth Palace Chapel).
· Use of annotated rectified photographs as a rapid means of recording and
stratigraphically analysing complex walls and foundations.
ADVICE ON NPPF
1984-1987
Site assistant
1983-June 1984 University of Cambridge
Archaeological Draughtsman on Haddenham Project
1983 British School at Rome
Architectural Draughtsman Palazzo Vitelleschi, Tarquinia
1981-1982 Museum of London
Site Archaeological assistant
Education
1986 - 1998
1977 - 1980
University College London, Department of Medieval
Archaeology (external part-time postgraduate student)
PhD "The tower-houses of south-west Cork, Ireland".
Institute of Archaeology, London University
BA Hons, 2i, Archaeology.
Professional qualifications
2001
2002
2008
Elected Member of the Institute of Field Archaeology
C&G 3017 Stage 1: Further & Adult Teachers’ Certificate
Elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries
Other information
I speak some Italian and French and a little German; I have a clean driving
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licence.
Date of Birth
20th December, 1957
ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTS
CONTINUING EDUCATION QUALIFICATION PUBLISHED AUTHOR
Publications/Research/Scholarship
1984
‘Coppinger's Court, a document in stone’, Journal of the Cork Historical and
Archaeological Society, 89. 59-76.
1987
‘The undercroft at 34 Watling Street’, The London Archaeologist 5,11,
286-290.
1989
‘The Fifteenth Century garner at Leadenhall’, The Antiquaries Journal, 89,
part I, 119-153.
1992
‘Reconstructing the Medieval Market at Leadenhall’ in From Roman Basilica
to Medieval Market, Milne, G. (ed.), HMSO, (114-125)
1995
‘The excavated fragments of worked stone’ in ‘Excavations at the Dorter
Undercroft Westminster Abbey’, Mills P. (ed.) London and Middlesex
Archaeology Society 46.
1997
‘The worked stone’ in St. Bride's Church, London: Archaeological research
1952-60 and 1992-5, Milne G., English Heritage Archaeological Report
11(69-81).
1997
‘The moulded stone’ in Excavations at the Priory and Hospital of St. Mary
Spital, London, (Thomas C, ed.) MoLAS Monograph 1, (186-195).
1998
‘A tentative chronology for tower houses in West Cork’, Journal of the Cork
Historical and Archaeological Society, 103, 105-124
1999
Appendix IV (164-8) ‘The Thames Waterfronts at Whitehall Palace’, Whitehall
Palace: An Architectural History of the Royal Apartments: 1240-1698, (Thurley
S), Yale.
2001
‘The Architectural Fragments’ in The Priory of St. Gregory, Northgate,
Canterbury Excavations 1988-1991 (Hicks M. & A.), pp. 151-182
Canterbury Archaeological Trust, new series vol.II.
2002
(Contribution to) The London Charterhouse
2004
Appendix and contributions in The Cistercian abbey of St Mary Stratford
Langthorne, Essex, Barber, B., Chew, S., White, B & Dyson, T. MoLAS
monograph 18, (Barber, B. & Thomas, C.)
2004
‘The moulded stone’ in Excavations at the Priory of the Order of the Hospital of
MoLAS monograph 10
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St
John of Jerusalem, London, MOLAS Monograph 20 (Sloane, B &
Malcolm,
G, 2004), 280-96
Publications contd.
2006
‘Architectural Stonework and Museum Archives’ Museum Archaeologists News
41 (Autumn), 6-9
2007
Winchester Palace: excavations of the Southwark residence of the bishops of
Winchester (Seeley, D. with Carlin, M., Philpotts, C. & Samuel, M.W.)
MoLAS monograph 31, Museum of London.
2007
'The Moulded Stone’ in The Augustinian Priory of St Mary, Merton (Saxby, D
and
Miller, P) MoLAS monograph 34, 176-191
2007
‘The Structural Stonework’ in Norwich Greyfriars: Pre-Conquest Town and
Medieval Friary (Emery, P.A.), East Anglian Archaeology, Report No. 120, pp
98-102)
2008
‘Architectural reconstruction, architectural fragments and petrological
analysis’ in The London Guildhall: an archaeological history of a neighbourhood
from early medieval to modern times, (Bowsher, D., Dyson, T., Holder, N. &
Howell, I.) MoLAS monograph 36, 415-428 (Part II)
2008
Appendix 6 and contributions in Burial at the site of the parish church of St Benet
Sherehog before and after the Great Fire: Excavations at 1 Poultry, City of London
MoLAS monograph 39, 93-100
2008
Blarney Castle: Its History, Archaeology and Purpose (co-author Kate Hamlyn),
Cork University Press
2009
‘Reconstructing the north range and tower/gatehouse’; and ‘Architectural
fragments from Rotherhithe’ in Blatherwick, S & Bluer, D, Great Houses and
mills on the South Bank of the Thames: Medieval and Tudor Southwark and
Rotherhithe Monograph 47 Museum of London Archaeology; 159-65
2011
(Specialist Appendix 10.2) ‘Stone and Ceramic Building Materials’ in The
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Development of Early Medieval and Later Poultry and Cheapside; excavations at 1
Poultry and Vicinity, City of London, Mark Burch and Phil Treveil with Derek
Keene MoLAS Monograph 38, 264
2011
‘The Architectural Fragments’ in The Cistercian abbey of St Mary Graces, East
Smithfield, London (Grainger, I, Phillpotts, C with Mills, PS) Monograph 44
Museum of London Archaeology (114-29)
2011
Dyson, T, Samuel MW, Steele, A &Wright, SM The Cluniac Priory and Abbey of
St Saviour Bermondsey, Surrey Monograph 50 Museum of London
Archaeology
2011 (Contributions to) St Paul’s Cathedral before Wren, Schofield, J, English
Heritage
2011
‘Architectural fragments and reconstructions’ in Holywell Priory and the
development of Shoreditch to c.1600, Bull, R, Davis, S, Lewis, H, Phillpotts, C,
Birchenough, A, Monograph 53 Museum of London Archaeology, 113-117;
141-149
2012
‘ The architectural reconstruction of church and cloister’ and ‘Architectural
stone fragments’ in The Augustinian Nunnery of St Mary Clerkenwell, London
(ed. Sloane, B) Monograph 57 Museum of London Archaeology, 198-212
2012
‘The King’s High Table at the Palace of Westminster’ (Collins, M, Emery, P,
Phillpotts, Samuel, MW & Thomas, C’, The Antiquaries Journal 92, 197-245
2015
‘Architectural stonework’ & ‘Reconstructing the priory buildings’ in Selborne
Priory Excavation 1953-1971 (David Baker) Hampshire Field Club and
Archaeological Society Monograph 12, 79-89; 196-211
Forthcoming.
‘Structural Stonework’ in Excavations of the Norwich Whitefriars (ed. Popescu,
E) Oxford Archaeology East
‘The Re-used Architectural Fragments’ in Excavations in a Medieval Suburb of
Cambridge (ed. Cessford, C ) Cambridge Archaeological Unit
‘The Architectural Fragments from the 2000-3 Excavations CW13,21,29,46,50,64’
Excavations at the Whitefriars, Canterbury’ (Hicks, A, ed.) Canterbury
Archaeological Trust Monograph.
‘Architectural fragments and architecture’ in The Archaeology of the Mendicant
Houses of London (ed. Holder, N). LAMAS Special Paper
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BYQ98 Publication report incorporating WBP07; ‘the architectural fragments’
for Bermondsey Abbey Excavation Report for PCA (Brockley Archaeology
Unit)
Archaeological Investigations at Fulk de Breauté’s castle, Luton (UBED13
Excavations) The Architectural Fragments (Catalogue and Publication
Report)
In preparation
‘Claudius’ Elephant’ A semi-popular treatment (150,000 words) of the
invasion of Roman Britain (in preparation). This drawers on much new
archaeological evidence across Europe as well as a re-interpretation of the
documentary evidence
Doctoral thesis
PhD ‘The Tower-Houses of West Cork [Ireland]’
Part-Time External Student of London University; commenced as MPhil in
1986 under Doctor Helen Clarke (Medieval Archaeology, Institute of
Archaeology). Converted to PhD under supervision of Doctor James
Graham-Campbell, external examiner Dr T.E. McNeill (QUB). Referred 1996.
Resubmitted and passed 1998
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AA ‘Grey Literature’ (Historic Buildings)
2001
A Stable at Jealott’s Hill Farm, Parish of Warfield, District of Bracknell, Berkshire. An
Archaeological Assessment of the Building, (ed. Hamlyn, K.L.), for Syngenta (held Sites
and Monuments Record, Environment Department, Royal Borough of Bracknell
Forest)
2002
The Ice House, Bisham under-the-Wood, Berkshire, the Royal Borough of Bracknell Forest. An
Archaeological Survey of the Drain Area. (held Sites and Monuments Record,
Environment Department, Royal Borough of Bracknell Forest
2003
The Barn at Poplars Farm; an Archaeological Assessment of the Building. Parish of Winkfield
District of Bracknell, Berkshire. (held Sites and Monuments Record, Environment
Department Royal Borough of Bracknell Forest)
2003
Record of Historic Fabric, including the York Curve Tunnel opening, the ‘Ramp’ and
associated street furniture. King’s Cross Underground Station Redevelopment;
Northern Ticket Hall enabling works, York Road Station (Site 1). Prepared for
Costain Taylor Woodrow
2006
An Archaeological Survey and Report of the Cart Shed, Granary and Dog Kennels: Home
Farm/Homestead, the Street, Borden, District of Sittingbourne, Kent; for Swale Borough
Council
2006
A Historic Building Survey of the Air Raid Shelter, Milton Court Primary School,
District of Sittingbourne, Kent, for The Diocese of Kent (Education)
2006
Historic Building Record: Air Raid Shelter at Monkton CE Primary School, Thanet, Kent, for
The Diocese of Kent (Education)
2007
Northbourne Court, Northbourne, Deal, Kent; an Archaeological Assessment of Proposals to
construct an Outdoor Swimming Pool. For Clague Architects
2007
East Hoe Manor, Hambledon, Hampshire Historical Building Report WINCM: AY 299
For Robert Adam Architects
2007
East Hoe Manor, Hambledon, Hampshire: Archaeological Watching Brief WINCM: AY 299
For Robert Adam Architects
2007
Saint Dunstan, Mayfield, East Sussex: The blocking wall between the Bell Tower and Rear
Nave: A note on its date, for Archaeology South-East
2008
Borden Hall Barn, Gardener’s Cottage and Cart shelter, Borden,
Kent. Historical Building Report for Artlab Architects
2008
The Church of St Margaret of Antioch; Knotting, Bedfordshire: An
Archaeological Appraisal. For the Churches Conservation Trust
2008
Northbourne Court, Northbourne, Deal, Kent; An Archaeological Watching Brief of an
Outdoor Swimming Pool. For Clague Architects
2008
Archaeological Assessment: Doggett’s Square and 1-9 Canal Road, Strood, Kent
For Architecture One
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2008
Archaeological Desk Top Assessment: Dundee Road, London E13. For Kuldeep Singh and
Architecture One
2008
Conservation-based research and analysis of the Tower: the Parish Church of St. Nicholas,
Bedfield, Suffolk (NGR TM 2268 6632), for Bedfield Parish Council
2008
The Platform: annex to Historic Buildings Analysis; former Railway Goods Shed adjacent to
Whitstable Road, Faversham, Kent, for Clague Architects
2009
Borden Hall Barn, Gardener’s Cottage and Cart Shelter, Borden,
Kent. Historical Building Report (Addendum) for Artlab Architects
2009
Penkridge Hall; Archaeological Assessment of the Building: Leebotwood, Church Stretton,
Shropshire (NGR SO 4897 9766). For T.C. Hilliard
2011
The Water Tower at Sheerness: Heritage Assessment of significance and impact report. For
Cedar Holdings (UK)
2012
Pre-determination Historic Building Archaeological Assessment: St Mary’s Chapel,
Broadstairs, Kent (NGR TR 3881 6790), for Julian Newick and Kent County Council
2012
Statement of Heritage Significance: Hammill Brickworks, Eastry, Kent (TR 62936 15570)
For Swale Archaeology Trust and Quinn Estates
2013
Archaeological Assessment of the Building; 6&6a High Street, Rotherfield, E Sussex (NGR
TQ 55676 29719). For Mr and Mrs Evans
2013
The Carpenters’ Block (Nugent House), Stowe Historical Building Archaeological Survey.
(NGR SP 67472 37434). For Network Archaeology and Stowe School
2013
Buckland Mill, Dover: Historical Building Report; Part 1, the 1911 Paper Store & 1970’s
Warehouse/Office. For Gilcrest Homes and Kent County Council
2013
The Parish Church of St. Michael & All Angels: Pilot Study of the 12C
Nave and Recommendations (NGR SP 0320 1560), for Richard Reece
2014
Watching Brief on the WW2 Defences next to the Deal Road (A256), Pegwell Bay, Ramsgate
TR 34399 63706, For Thanet District Council, (Engineering and Technical Services)
2014
The ‘Ice House’ Dry Dock, Ramsgate: Historical and Archaeological Survey (NGR TR 383
647). For the Yacht Valley Project and Thanet District Council
2014
Statement of Heritage Significance of the House based on Archaeological Examination; Bower
House, Havering, Essex. (TQ 51254 92708) For Ramboll, acting for the Amana Trust
2014
The George Inn, Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire: The Inn and Barn. Statement of
Heritage Significance based on Archaeological Examination. (SP 8945 01130) for Turley
and Amplio Developments
2014
Temple Ewell CEP School Desk-based Archaeological Assessment (TR 2860 4417). For
David Gullick ARIBA, the Diocese of Kent
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AA ‘Grey Literature’ (Architectural Fragments)
2003 (08)
Guildhall East Window, Guildhall, Aldermanbury EC2, The City of London: The
Medieval Stone and Iron Elements removed in the 1995 Intervention; an Inventory
and Provisional Analysis, with recommendations for further work. For Nick
Bateman, MoLA
2005 (04)
St. Edmund’s Bury Abbey: the excavations of 1957-64 of the east arm, crossing and
transept arm; the architectural fragments; a database and an initial assessment of the
mouldings, for Keith Wade, Suffolk County Council Archaeology Service
2005 (12)
Archaeological Excavations along the A16/A158 Partney By-Pass, Lincolnshire:
Report on the Architectural Fragments. For Rob Atkins, the Cambridge Council
Archaeology Unit (now Oxford Archaeology East)
2006 (08)
Whitefriars, Norwich: Assessment of the Architectural Fragments from The
Excavations 2002-3 (The AF Howland Associates site assessment): an initial
statement on the assemblage. For Dr Liz Popescu, the Cambridge Council
Archaeology Unit (now Oxford Archaeology East)
2006 (11)
Spitalfields architectural fragments: [Combination document]. Specialist
Appendix/Catalogue/Chronological Narrative text, for Christopher Thomas
MoLA
2006 (11)
Whitefriars, Canterbury, the Architectural Fragments from the
Excavations 2000-3. CW13,21,29,46,50,64: ‘Answering Site Research questions’;
the analytical requirements to do this, measured from existing records. For Alison
Hicks, Canterbury Archaeology Trust
2007 (03)
Re-used Architectural Fragments in a Medieval Suburb of Cambridge: Excavations
GAD05/6, AND92, HYC04, BDC06, TSC06; Assessment of potential for analysis,
for Craig Cessford, Cambridge Archaeology Unit
2007 (11)
Whitefriars, Canterbury, the Architectural Fragments from the Excavations 2000-3.
CW13,21,29,46,50,64: Publication Report. For Alison Hicks, Canterbury
Archaeology Trust
2008 (01)
Identification of stone fragments based on inspection of digitised images only
(SJT07, TTL07), for Craig Cessford, Cambridge Archaeology Unit
2009 (08)
The Arms of the Hanseatic League, from the Steelyard: Technical Examination, for
Lyn Blackmore, MoLA
2009 (08)
Mottisfont Abbey: The Architectural Fragments; a Brief Description with
Recommendations for Display for Gary Marshall, the National Trust
2009 (09)
‘Castle Quay’, Castle Lane, Bedford (CLB965): The Architectural
fragments. Specialist Assessment report, for Jeremy Oetgen, Bedford
Archaeology Unit
2010 (04)
St. Paul’s Cathedral 2006 Intervention (PUF06): the Architectural Fragments: A
brief description and recommendations. For Dr John Schofield
2010 (06)
Torre Abbey: recorded Architectural Fragments, for Julian Hill and Christopher
Thomas, MoLA
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2010 (06)
St George the Martyr (SGY05). Post-Excavation Analysis: The Architectural
Fragments; an Assessment. For Bruce Watson, MoLA
2011 (07)
Assessment of Excavated Architectural Fragments (TKL09, JDS10, TCC11),
for Richard Newman, Cambridge Archaeology Unit
2011 (11)
BYQ98 Assessment/Archive Report: Architectural Fragments [Bermondsey Abbey
excavations] for Alistair Douglas, Pre-Construction Archaeology Ltd
2013 (02)
Archaeological Excavations at Canterbury Christ Church University 1983-2007:
The Architectural Fragments, for Alison Hicks, Canterbury Archaeology Trust
2012 (03)
Assessment of Architectural Fragments from the Friary Sites of the City of London.
For Dr Nicholas Holder
2012 (04)
The Excavations at Bath, Southgate SO-SGT06: Post-Excavation Analysis
The Architectural Fragments: An Assessment. For Julian Hill (MoLA)
2012 (07)
Selborne Priory Archaeological Excavations 1956-1970. Archive report: Recorded
and extant Architectural Fragments; Archive (‘Assessment’). For David Baker
OBE, The Hampshire Field Club
2013 (09)
Chiswick House, London. EHAPT Excavation 4584 (2008): The Architectural
fragments, for Kevin Woolridge, English Heritage
2014 (09)
Archaeological Investigations at Fulk de Breauté’s Castle, Luton. (UBED13
Excavations): the Architectural Fragments: an assessment with recommendations.
For Jacob Streatfeild-James, Headland Archaeology
2014 (06)
Randall Manor Excavations: the Architectural fragments; a brief description, with
recommendations. For Andrew Mayfield, Kent County Council
2014 (07)
Newmarket Road, Cambridge (CAM EAG 14). Excavations: The Architectural
Fragments; an Assessment with Recommendations. For Rob Atkins, Oxford
Archaeology East
2015 (01)
Archaeological Investigations at the St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury [NGR 615742
156600 SLCBB211-2 excavations] : The Architectural Fragments for James
Holman, Canterbury Archaeology Trust
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