PUBLICATIONS OF DR. STEPHEN LIU
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
S. Liu, “Prediction of Hardenability of SAE 8620 Steel from Chemical Composition and Prior Austenite Grain
Size”, M.Sc. Thesis, Escola de Engenharia da UFMG, May 1979.
S. Liu et al., “Identification of the Mechanisms of Y Cracks Formation During the Roughing Stage in the
Blooming Mill”, in Conf. Proc., XXXV Annual ABM Conference, pp. 103-116, São Paulo, Brazil, July 1980.
S. Liu and C.A. Bottrel-Coutinho, “Comparison of the Jominy Curve Predictors’, in Symp. Proc., I COMFIT
Symposium, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, April 1980.
S. Liu and C.A. Bottrel-Coutinho, “Prediction of Hardenability of Steels”, in Conf. Proc., XXXV Annual ABM
Conference, pp. 131-146, São Paulo, Brazil, July 1980.
S. Liu, C.B. Dallam, and D.L. Olson, “Performance of the CaF2-CaO-SiO2 System as a Submerged Arc Welding
Flux for a Niobium Based HSLA Steel”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Welding Technology for Energy Applications’,
AWS/ASM/ORNL, Conf. 820544, pp. 455-465, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, May 1982.
S. Liu, “Introduction to Fatigue Behavior”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Repair and Maintenance of Heavy Equipment’,
AWS/ASM/CSM, pp. 17-31, Denver, Colorado, November 1982.
D.L. Olson, S. Liu, et al., “Submerged Arc Welding”, in ASM ’Metals Handbook on Welding, Brazing and
Soldering’, V. 6, 9th Edition, pp. 114-152, l983.
S. Liu, “The Role of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Controlling Weld Metal Microstructures in Niobium
Microalloyed Steels”, Ph.D. Dissertation T-2923, Colorado School of Mines, July l984.
C.B. Dallam, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Flux Composition Dependence of Microstructure and Toughness of
Submerged Arc HSLA Weldments”, Welding Journal, 64 (5), pp. 140s-151s, May 1985.
S. Liu and C.T. Su, “Performance Evaluation of a Metal Powder Cored Strip Electrode in High Speed
Electroslag Welding”, in ’Advances in Welding Science and Technology’, ASM/AWS, pp. 401-411,
Gatlinburg, Tennessee, May 1986.
S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “The Role of Inclusions in Controlling HSLA Steel Weld Microstructures”, Welding
Journal, 65 (6), pp. 139s-150s, June 1986.
S. Liu, C.M. Tsai and P. Norquist, “Simulation of Multi-Pass Welding using a PC”, presented in ASM Materials
Week Conference on ’Computers in Industrial Processes’, Orlando, Florida, October 1986.
S. Liu and C.T. Su, “Innovations in Electroslag Welding”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Manufacturing Processes,
Machines, and Systems Research’, National Science Foundation, pp. 29-35, Gainesville, Florida, November
1986.
C.E. Cross, Ø. Grong, S. Liu, and J. Capes, “Metallography and Welding Process Control”, in ’Handbook of
Applied Metallography’, edited by G.F. Vander Voort, IMS/Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 197-210, November
l986.
S. Liu, D.L. Olson, and D.K. Matlock, “A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Approach of the Development of
Expressions for Alloy Behavior Prediction”, Journal of Heat Treating, 4 (4), pp. 309-316, December 1986.
S. Liu, “Measurement and Identification of Weld Metal Inclusions”, in ’Metallography and Interpretation of
Weld Microstructures’, edited by J. McCall, D. Olson and I. LeMay, IMS/ASM, AWS, pp. 87-131, Denver,
Colorado, June 1987.
S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “The Influence of Inclusion Chemical Composition on Weld Metal Microstructure”,
ASM Journal of Materials for Energy Systems, 9 (3), pp. 237-251, October 1987.
S. Liu and C.T. Su, “Grain Refinement in the HAZ of High Speed Electroslag Weldments”, in ’Welding
Metallurgy of Structural Steels’, AIME, pp. 439-453, Denver, Colorado, October 1987.
S. Liu, Review of “Welding Metallurgy - Author: S. Kou - Publisher: Wiley Interscience” in American Scientist,
January 1988.
D. Thomas and S. Liu, “Interpretive Report on Electroslag, Electrogas, and Related Welding Processes”,
Welding Research Council Bulletin 338, November 1988.
S. Liu and T.A. Siewert, “Metal Transfer Mode in Gas Metal Arc Welding: Droplet Rate”, Welding Journal, 68
(2), pp. 52s-58s, February 1989.
S. Liu and J.E. Indacochea, “Weldability of Carbon and Low Alloyed Steels,” in ASM ’Metals Handbook on
Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High Performance Alloys’, V. 1, 10th Edition, pp. 603-613, March
1989.
S. Liu and C.T. Su, “Grain Refinement in Electroslag Weldments by Metal Powder Addition”, Welding Journal,
68 (4), pp. 132s-144s, April 1989.
24. S. Liu, T.A. Siewert, and H.G. Lan. “Metal Transfer Modes in GMAW”, in ’Recent Trends in Welding Science
and Technology’, ASM, pp. 475-480, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, May, 1989.
25. S. Ibarra, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Functional Forms of Equations to predict Steel Weld Metal Properties”, in
Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. B, pp. 517524, Houston, Texas, February 1990.
26. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III A and B - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama,
S. Liu, et al., ASME, 699 pages, Houston, Texas, February 1990.
27. S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “A New Approach to Welding Engineer Education”, Welding Journal, 69 (3), pp. 38-40,
March 1990.
28. D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “Review of Capillarity Driven Methods to Measure Surface Diffusion”, CSM Report
MT-CWR-090-024, presented at Scanning Microscopy Conference 1990, Bethesda, MD, May 1990.
29. D. Bunnel, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Low Hydrogen SMAW Electrodes Moisture Content Determination using
Electrical Capacitance”, Journal of Materials Engineering, 12 (2), pp. 159-165, June 1990.
30. S. Liu, T.A. Siewert, G. Adam, and H.G. Lan, “Correlation of GMAW Metal Droplet Transfer with Welding
Process Parameters”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Computer Technology in Welding’, The Welding Institute, pp. 26-35,
Brighton, UK, June 1990.
31. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Recent Developments in HSLA Steel Welding”, in Symp. Proc. on ’Advances in
Welding Metallurgy’, First US-Japan Symposium - AWS/JWS/JWES, pp. 215-293, San Francisco, U.S.A. and
Yokohama, Japan, June 1990.
32. S. Liu, “Underwater Welding Consumables Research”, CSM Report MT-CWR-090-016, submitted to WRC,
August 1990.
33. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards, “Role of Solidification on HSLA Steel Weld Metal Chemistry”, in
’Weldability of Materials’, ASM, pp. 183-189, Detroit, Michigan, October 1990.
34. S. Liu and J.E. Indacochea, “Control of Chemical Composition and Microstructure in Low Carbon
Microalloyed Steel Weldments” in ’Welding: Theory and Practices’, Ed. D.L. Olson, R. Dixon, and A. Liby,
Volume 8 of the Series on “Materials Processing - Theory and Practices’, pp. 117-148, North Holland Physics
Publishing, 1990.
35. D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “The Influence of Weld Metal Microalloy Additions to Extend the Heat Input Range for
the Submerged Arc Welding of HY-130 Steel”, CSM Report MT-CWR-090-027, submitted to ONR and DTRC,
December 1990.
36. J.R. Hannahs, S. Liu, et al., “Electroslag Welding”, in AWS ’Welding Handbook on Welding Processes’, V. 2,
8th Edition, pp. 271-298, 1991.
37. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Welding Technology in Japan and Korea,” ONR Far East Scientific Information
Bulletin (NAVSO P-3580) 16 (2): 81-899, 1991.
38. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Shielded Metal Arc Welding Consumables for Advanced High Strength Steels”,
CSM Report MT-CWR-091-006, submitted to ONR and DTRC, February 1991.
39. S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Electrode Formulation for Underwater Welding”, in Intl. Conf. Proc.
’Underwater Welding’, AWS, pp. 98-119, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1991.
40. S. Ibarra, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Effect of Water Depth on Underwater Weld Metal Porosity Formation”, in
Intl. Conf. Proc. ’Underwater Welding’, AWS, pp. 54-69, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1991.
41. D.L. Olson, S. Ibarra, and S. Liu, “Selection of Resilient Welding Parameters for Arctic Fabrication and
Repair”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol.
A, pp. 125-130, Stavanger, Norway, June 1991.
42. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III A - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 304 pages, Stavanger, Norway, June 1991.
43. S. Liu, G.P. Martins, D.L. Olson, and G.R. Edwards, “Modeling of Brazing Processes that use Coatings and
Interlayers,” Welding Journal, 70 (8), pp. 207s-215s, August 1991.
44. S. Liu, “Weldability of Nitrogen Enhanced Vanadium Steels”, CSM Report MT-CWR-091-021, submitted to
Stratcor, September 1991.
45. W. Frick, S. Liu et al., “Brazing Handbook”, American Welding Society, 493 pages, September 1991.
46. S. Liu, “Underwater Welding Consumables Research”, CSM Report MT-CWR-091-022, submitted to WRC,
September 1991.
47. P.R. Heald, R.B. Madigan, T. Siewert, and S. Liu, “Droplet Transfer Modes for a Mil 100S-1 GMAW
Electrode”, NISTIR 3976, NIST, October 1991.
48. S. Brandi, C. Taniguchi, and S. Liu, “Analysis of Metal Transfer in Shielded Metal Arc Welding”, Welding
Journal, 70 (10), pp. 261s-270s, October 1991.
49. S. Ibarra, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Fundamental Prediction of Steel Weld Metal Properties”, ASME Journal of
Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 113(4), pp. 327-333, November 1991.
50. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and J.E. Ramirez, “The Influence of Weld Metal Microalloy Additions to Extend the Heat
Input Range for the Submerged Arc Welding of HY-130 Steel”, CSM Report MT-CWR-092-008, submitted to
ONR and DTRC, January 1992.
51. A.O. Kluken, D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards, “Predictive Models for High Strength Steel HAZ
Microstructures and Properties”, CSM Report MT-CWR-092-009, January 1992.
52. F.C. Liao and S. Liu, “Effect of Deoxidation Sequence on HSLA Steel Weld Metal Microstructure”, Welding
Journal, 71(3), pp. 94s-103s. March 1992.
53. S. Liu, “Metallography of HSLA Steel Weldments”, in ’Ferrous Alloy Weldments’, Trans Tech Publications,
pp. 1-18, April 1992.
54. D.L. Olson, G.R. Edwards, S. Liu, and D. K. Matlock, “Non-Equilibrium Behavior of Weld Metal in Flux
Related Processes”, IIS/IIW-1162-92, 1992.
55. S. Liu, D. L. Olson, A.Q. Bracarense, and J.E. Ramirez, “Development of a Shielded Metal Arc Electrode for
Welding HSLA-100 Steels: Effect of Titanium on Weld Metal Microstructure and Properties”, CSM Report
MT-CWR-092-020, submitted to Peterson Builders, Inc., May 1992.
56. A.O. Kluken, S. Ibarra, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Use of Predictive Equations for Arctic Steel Heat Affected
Zone Properties”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’,
ASME, Vol. A, pp. 1-7, Calgary, Canada, June 1992.
57. S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Underwater Wet Welding of Steels”, to be published in the AWS Welding
Handbook, Volume III, 9th Edition, 1992.
58. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III A - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 249 pages, Calgary, Canada, June 1992.
59. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Metal-to-Ceramic Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWR-092035, submitted to ONR, August 1992.
60. S. Brandi, C. Taniguchi, and S. Liu, “Analysis of Metal Transfer in Shielded Metal Arc Welding”, IIW DOC II1182-92, 1992.
61. J.E. Ramirez and S. Liu, “Diffusion Brazing in the Nickel-Boron System”, Welding Journal, 71 (10), pp. 365s375s. October 1992.
62. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and J.E. Ramirez, “The Influence of Weld Metal Alloying Additions to Extend the Heat
Input Range for the Submerged Arc Welding of High Strength Steels”, CSM Report MT-CWR-093-002,
January 1993.
63. S. Liu, D. L. Olson and M. Onsøien, “Use of Selected Gas Composition to Achieve Optimum Weld Properties”,
CSM Report MT-CWR-093-020, submitted to AGA AB and Amoco Corporation Research, August 1993.
64. D.L. Olson, G.R. Edwards, S. Liu, and D. K. Matlock, “Non-Equilibrium Behavior of Weld Metal in FluxRelated Processes”, Welding in the World, 31 (2), pp.142-154, 1993.
65. K.S. Bang, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Modeling of Reaction Layers Growth in Reactive Metal Brazing”, in Conf.
Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 1129-1134, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, March
1993.
66. M.Q. Johnson, G.L. Fredrickson, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards. “Consumables Development for Advanced High
Strength Steels”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 353-358,
Gatlinburg, Tennessee, March 1993.
67. R.H. Frost, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson. “Influence of Solidification on Inclusion Formation in Welds”, in Conf.
Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 205-209, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, March
1993.
68. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and O. Runnerstam, “Oxygen as a Welding Parameter: The Role of Light
Metallography”, Microstructural Science, V.20, pp. 31-44, IMS, May 1993.
69. A.O. Kluken, S. Ibarra, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Aptness of Predictive Equations for Arctic Steel Heat Affected
Zone Properties”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’,
ASME, Vol. A, pp. 35-40, Glasgow, U.K., June 1993.
70. F.C. Liao, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Weldability of Nitrogen-Enhanced Steels”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore
Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. A, pp. 231-244, Glasgow, U.K., June
1993.
71. A. Sanchez-Osio, S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Underwater Wet Welding Electrodes”, in Intl. Conf. Proc.
on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. A, pp. 119-128,
Glasgow, U.K., June 1993.
72. ”Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III A - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 423 pages, Glasgow, United Kingdom, June 1993.
73. D.L. Olson, T.A. Siewert, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards, “Welding, Brazing, and Soldering,” ASM Metals
Handbook, Volume 6, 10th Edition, 1299 pages, December 1993.
74. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Metal-to-Ceramic Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWR-093022, submitted to ONR, August 1993.
75. F.C. Liao and S.Liu, “Fundamental Understanding of the Role of Nitride Precipitates in the Weldability of High
Nitrogen Structural Steels”, MT-CWR-094-001, submitted to Stratcor, September 1993.
76. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Chemical Composition Variations in Shielded Metal Arc Welds”, Welding
Journal, 72(12), pp. 529s-536s, 1993.
77. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards, “Physical Metallurgical Concerns in the Modeling of Weld Metal
Transformations”, in ’Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena’, edited by H. Cerjak and K. Easterling,
Institute of Metals, Graz, Austria, pp. 89-108, 1993.
78. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and S. Ibarra, “Underwater Welding of Steels”, in ASM ’Materials Handbook on Welding,
Brazing and Soldering’, V. 6, 10th Edition, pp. 1010-1015, December 1993.
79. S. Liu, S.D. Brandi and R.D. Thomas, Jr., “Electroslag, Electrogas, and Related Welding Processes”, in ASM
’Materials Handbook on Welding, Brazing and Soldering’, V. 6, 10th Edition, pp. 270-280, December 1993.
80. S. Brandi, S. Liu and J.E. Indacochea, “Brazeability and Solderability of Engineering Materials”, in ASM
’Materials Handbook on Welding, Brazing and Soldering’, V. 6, 10th Edition, pp. 617-637, December 1993.
81. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, R.H. Frost, G.R. Edwards and D.A. Fleming, “Nature and Behavior of Fluxes used for
Welding”, in ASM ’Materials Handbook on Welding, Brazing and Soldering’, V. 6, 10th Edition, pp. 55-63,
December 1993.
82. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and J.E. Ramirez, “The Influence of Weld Metal Alloying Additions to Extend the Heat
Input Range for the Submerged Arc Welding of High Strength Steels”, CSM Report MT-CWR-093-015,
submitted to Naval Surface Warfare Center - Carderock Division and ONR, December 1993.
83. P.R.C. de Camargo, R.E. Trevisan, and S. Liu, “Brazing Titanium to 304L Stainless Steel”, Welding Journal, 72
(12), pp. 537s-544s, 1993.
84. P. Heald, B. Madigan, S. Liu, and T.A. Siewert, “Mapping The Droplet Transfer Modes for an ER100S-1
GMAW Electrode”, Welding Journal, 73 (2), pp. 38s-44s, 1994.
85. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and S. Ibarra, “Electrode Formulation to Reduce Weld Metal Hydrogen”, in Intl. Conf. Proc.
on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp. 291-298,
Houston, Texas, February 1994.
86. A. Pope, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Effect of the Electrode Oxidizing Potential on Underwater Wet Welds”, in
Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp.
361-368, Houston, Texas, February 1994.
87. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S. Liu,
et al., ASME, 430 pages, Houston, Texas, February 1994.
88. S. Liu, M.Q. Johnson, G.L. Fredricksen, and G.R. Edwards, “Shielded Metal Arc Welding Consumables for
Advanced High Strength Steels”, CSM Report MT-CWR-094-015, February 1994.
89. K.S. Bang and S. Liu, “Investigation of the Interfacial Reactions during Reactive Metal Brazing”, Welding
Journal, 73 (3), pp. 54s-60s, 1994.
90. F.C. Liao, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Effect of Titanium Nitride on the Weldability of Nitrogen Enhanced Ti-V
Microalloyed Steels”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Mechanical Working and Steel Processing’, ISS, V. 31, pp. 511-522,
Pittsburgh, PA, March 1994.
91. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Control of Covered Electrode Heating by Flux Ingredients Substitution”, Welding
& Metal Fabrication, 62A (5), pp. 224-229, 1994.
92. S. Liu and A.Q. Bracarense, “Welding Consumables Development for HSLA Steels”, Soldagem e Materiais,
6(2), Research Archive, pp. 18-32, July 1994 (in portuguese).
93. S. Liu, S. Ibarra and D.L. Olson, “Assessment of Microstructural and Property Prediction Equations in
Structural Welding”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Technology Conference’, OTC 7497, pp. 299-306,
Houston, Texas, May 1994.
94. S.K. Marya, S. Liu, D.L. Olson, and G.R. Edwards, “Underbead Hardness of Heat-Affected Zones in Steels”, in
Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Materials and Manufacturing Technologies’, pp. 17-24, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, May 1821, 1994.
95. J.E. Ramirez, B.S. Han and S. Liu, “Porosity Formation in Ni-Cu Alloys”, Metallurgical Transactions A,
24A(10), pp. 2285-2294, 1994.
96. S. Liu, S. D. Brandi and G.R. Edwards, “Spreading Kinetics of Reactive Filler Metal on Silicon Nitride”, in
Symp. Proc. on ’Welding/Joining/Coating and Surface Modification of Advanced Materials - Vol. II’, IIW, pp.
315-321 , Dalian, China, September 1994.
97. D.A. Fleming, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Development of a Shielded Metal Arc Welding Consumables for HSLA100 Plate Steel”, CSM Report MT-CWR-094-017, April 1994.
98. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and A. Sanchez-Osio, “The Influence of Consumable Composition and Solidification on
Inclusion Formation and Growth in Low Carbon Steel Underwater Wet Welds”, CSM Report MT-CWR-094033, submitted to the Welding Research Council, August 1994.
99. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and S. Ibarra, “Pyrometallurgy and Physical Metallurgy of Underwater Wet Welds”, in Conf.
Proc. on ’Welding Technology in Action -Vol. 2’, Paper 25, Melbourne, Australia, October 1994.
100. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and M. Onsøien, “Use of Shielding Gas Composition to Achieve Optimum Weld
Properties”, CSM Report MT-CWR-094-034, submitted to AGA AB and Amoco Corporation Research, August
1994.
101. A. Sanchez-Osio, S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Underwater Wet Welding Consumables for Offshore
Applications”, IIW DOC II-1232-94, 1994.
102. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Chemical Composition Variations in SMA Welds”, IIW DOC II-1242-94, 1994.
103. Glen R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Metal-to-Ceramic Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWR094-037, submitted to ONR, October 1994.
104. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Further Discussion on the Effect of Coating Ingredients on the Control of
Electrode Temperature and Weld Metal Chemical Composition - Communications”, Welding & Metal
Fabrication, 62A (8), pp. 352-353, 1994.
105. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and C. Lenfest, “Underwater Welding Consumables Development”, CSM Report MT-CWR094-038, submitted to Global Divers, Inc., November 1994.
106. A. Sanchez, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Soldaura Submarina Mojada”, in Conf. Proc. 2nd Intl. Congress of
Welding in Mexico, pp. 177-189, Monterrey, Mexico, November 1994.
107. D.A. Fleming, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Development of a Shielded Metal Arc Welding Consumables for
HSLA-100 Plate Steel”, National Shipbuilding Research Program - NSRP 0430, October 1994.
108. M. Onsøien, R. Pieters, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Effect of Hydrogen on GTAW of Stainless Steel”, Welding
Journal, 74(1), pp. 10s-15s, 1995.
109. A. Sanchez and S. Liu, “Interpretive Report on The Influence of Solidification on Inclusion Formation and
Growth in Low Carbon Steel Underwater Wet Welds”, Welding Research Council Bulletin 399, 59 pp, February
1995.
110. S. Ibarra, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, S. Ibarra, “Interpretive Report on Underwater Wet Welding of Steel”,
Welding Research Council Bulletin 401, 39 pp, May 1995.
111. A. Sanchez-Osio, S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Designing Shielded Metal Arc Consumables for
Underwater Wet Welding in Offshore Applications”, ASME Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic
Engineering, 117 (8), pp. 212-220, 1995.
112. A.M. Pope, R.C. de Medeiros and S. Liu, “Effect of Solidification on Underwater Wet Weld Properties”, in
Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp.
517-521, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1995.
113. M.I. Onsøien, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Use of Active Shielding Gases to Optimize the Weld Metal
Microstructure”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’,
ASME, Vol. III, pp. 503-507, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1995.
114. A.M. Pope, J.C.G. Teixeira, V.R. dos Santos, M.T.P. Paes, and S. Liu, “ Use of Nickel to Improve the
Mechanical Properties of High Oxygen Underwater Wet Welds”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics
and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp. 529-535, Copenhagen, Denmark, June
1995.
115. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S. Liu,
et al., ASME, 590 pages, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1995.
116. D.A. Fleming, A.Q. Bracarense, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Desenvolvimento de Eletrodo Revestido para
Soldagem do Aço de Alta Resistência e Baixa Liga com Tensão de Escoamento de 100 ksi (SMAW Electrode
Development for a High Strength Low Alloy Steel with 100 ksi Yield Strength)”, in Conf. Proc. of the XXI
Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia de Soldagem, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil, June 1995.
117. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Controle de Variações de Composição Química e Propriedades Mecânicas ao
longo do Cordão de Solda através de Reações Endotérmicas no Revestimento durante a Soldagem com
Eletrodos Revestidos ( Control of Composition and Properties Fluctuations by means of Endothermic Reactions
in SMAW Electrode Coating)”, in Conf. Proc. of the XXI Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia de Soldagem,
Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil, June 1995.
118. W. Wong, S. Liu and J. Jones, “Flux Cored Arc Welding: Arc Signals, Procesing and Metal Transfer
Characterization”, Welding Journal, 74 (11), pp. 369s-377s, 1995.
119. D. Fleming, A.Q. Bracarense, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Toward Developing a SMA Welding Electrode for
HSLA-100 Grade Steel”, Welding Journal, 75 (6), pp. 171s-183s, 1996.
120. S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “The Effect of Altitude on Welding”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding
Science and Technology’, pp. 347-352, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, June 1995, ASM Intl., 1996.
121. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, W. Wang, R. Pieters, and S. Ibarra, “Martensite Start Temperature as a Weldability Index”,
in Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 615-620, Gatlinburg, Tennessee,
June 1995, ASM Intl., 1996.
122. D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “The Physical and Chemical Behavior of Steel Welding Consumables”, Keynote
Address in Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 299-310, Gatlinburg,
Tennessee, June 1995, ASM Intl., 1996.
123. T. Quinn, A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Um Modelo de Taxa de Fusão e Distribuição de Temperature para
Eletrodos Revestidos”, in Conf. Proc. - 13th Brazilian Congress and 2nd Iberian-American Congress of
Mechanical Engineering, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, November 1995.
124. W. Wang, R. Wong, S. Liu, D.L. Olson, “Use of Martensite Start Temperature for Hydrogen Control”, in Conf.
Proc. on ’Welding and Weld Automation in Shipbuilding’, pp. 17-31, Cleveland, Ohio, October 1995.
125. G.R. Edwards, D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and P.R. Chidambaram, “Flexible Laser Automated Intelligent Robotic
Research System for Manufacturing and Fabrication: Laser-Material Interaction”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR095-024, submitted to AWS, October 1995.
126. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR095-025, submitted to ONR, October 1995.
127. S. Liu, D.L. Olson, J.S. Spencer, and C. Smith, “Underwater Welding of Marine Structures”, ABS/MMS/CSM,
350 pp, October 1995.
128. S. Ibarra, C.E. Grubbs and S. Liu, “State-of-the-Art and Practice of Underwater Wet Welding of Steel,” Intl.
Conf. Proc. on Underwater Welding of Marine Structures, pp. 49-112, (New Orleans, LA, December 1994),
November 1995.
129. S. Liu, A.M. Pope and R. Daemen, “Welding Consumables and Weldability,” Intl. Workshop Proc. on
Underwater Welding of Marine Structures, pp. 321-350, (New Orleans, LA, December 1994), November 1995.
130. A.M. Pope, J.C.G. Teixeira, V.R. dos Santos, M.T.P. Paes, and S. Liu, “The Effect of Nickel on the
Mechanical Properties of High-Oxygen Underwater Wet Welds”, ASME Journal of Offshore Mechanics and
Arctic Engineering, 118 (2), pp. 165-168, 1996.
131. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, A. Wahid, and I. Maroef, “Some Trends of Weld Metal Research”, Conf. Proc. First
Indonesian Welding Convention, Keynote Paper, pp. 1-17, Bandung, Indonesia, March 19-20, 1996.
132. C.E. Grubbs, A.E. Bertelmann, S. Ibarra, S. Liu, D.J. Marshall, and D.L. Olson, “Underwater Welding and
Cutting,” in AWS Welding Handbook, V. 3 - Materials and Applications - Part 1, 8th Edition, pp. 445-500, May
1996.
133. A.M. Pope and S. Liu, “Hydrogen Content of Underwater Wet Welds Deposited by Rutile and Oxidizing
Electrodes”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’,
ASME, Vol. III, pp. 85-92, Florence, Italy, June 1996.
134. W. Wang, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Consequences of Weld Undermatching and Overmatching: Non-Uniform
Hydrogen Distribution”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials
Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp. 403-409, Florence, Italy, June 1996.
135. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S. Liu,
et al., ASME, 569 pages, Florence, Italy, June 1996.
136. M.I. Onsøien, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Shielding Gas Oxygen Equivalent in Weld Metal Microstructure
Optimization”, Welding Journal, 75(7), pp. 216s-224s, 1996.
137. E. Ramirez, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Dual Precipitation Strengthening Effect of Copper and Niobium in High
Strength Steel Weld Metal”, Materials Science and Engineering A, A216, pp. 91-103, October, 1996.
138. A. Sanchez-Osio, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “The Effect of Solidification on the Formation and Growth of
Inclusions in Low Carbon Steel Welds”, Materials Science and Engineering A, A221/1-2, pp. 122-133,
December 1996.
139. R.P.G.M. Pieters, S. Liu and G.R. Edwards, “Laser Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V in a Nitrogen
Atmosphere,” in Conf. Proc. on Surface Performance of Titanium Alloys, TMS, pp. 87-100, Cincinnati, Ohio,
October 1996.
140. J.R. Schnepp, G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Laser Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V in CH4/Ar Atmosphere,” in
Conf. Proc. on Surface Performance of Titanium Alloys, TMS, pp. 113-127, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1996.
141. T. Yamaura and S. Liu, “Development of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Multipass Cu-V
Enriched High Strength Steel Welds,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-096-026, October 1996.
142. G.R. Edwards, D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “Flexible Laser Automated Intelligent Robotic Research System for
Manufacturing and Fabrication: Laser-Material Interaction”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-096-028, submitted to
AWS, October 1996.
143. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR096-032, submitted to ONR, December 1996.
144. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Controle de Variações de Composição Química e Propriedades Mecânicas ao
longo do Cordão de Solda através de Reações Endotérmicas no Revestimento durante a Soldagem com
Eletrodos Revestidos”, Soldagem e Inspeção, 3(1), pp. 27-36, 1997.
145. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Chemical Composition and Hardness Control by Endothermic Reactions in the
Coating of Covered Electrodes,” IIW DOC II-1313-97, 1997.
146. D.L. Olson, S. Liu et al., "Hydrogen Management in High Strength Steel Weldments", Seminar Proc. on
Hydrogen Management in Steel Weldments, pp. 1-19, Ed. J.L. Davidson and D.L. Olson, (Melbourne, Australia,
October 1996), US Army Research Office, DSTO, AWTI, June 1997.
147. P.G.H. Pistorius and S. Liu, “Changes in Metal Transfer Behavior during Shielded Metal Arc Welding”,
Welding Journal, 76 (8), pp. 305s-315s, 1997.
148. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Chemical Composition and Hardness Control by Endothermic Reactions in the
Coating of Covered Electrodes,” Welding Journal, 76 (12), pp. 509s-516s, 1997.
149. T. Quinn, A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “A Melting Rate and Temperature Distribution Model for Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Electrodes”, Welding Journal, 76 (12), pp. 532s-538s, 1997.
150. A. Meier, PR. Chidabaram, G.R. Edwards, and S. Liu, “Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Reaction Product
Formation for Copper-Titanium and Silver- Titanium Alloys on Alumina”, Journal of Materials Science, 32, pp.
5215-5223, 1997.
151. W.W. Wang and S. Liu, “High Performance Flux Cored Arc Welding Consumables,” CSM Report MTCWJCR-097-015, submitted to AWS Foundation, July 1997.
152. S. Liu, R. Chapin III and D.L. Olson, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Electrode Research - Part I: Characterization
of Pure Tungsten, Tungsten-Thoriated, Tungsten-Lanthanated, and Tungsten-Ceriated Electrodes”, CSM
Report CSM-CWJCR-97-026, submitted to Teledyne Advanced Material, December 1997.
153. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR097-027, submitted to ONR, December 1997.
154. S. Liu, “Critical Issues in Quality Underwater Wet Welding: A Review”, Proc. of Primer Simposium
Internacional de Soldadura, pp. 67-91, ITESM-Monterrey, Mexico, March 1998.
155. S. Liu and F.C. Liao, “Precipitate Stability in the HAZ of Nitrogen-Enhanced HSLA Steels”, Materials Science
and Engineering A, A244, pp. 273-283, March 1998.
156. A. Sanchez-Osio and S. Liu, “Modelamiento de la Nucleación y Crecimiento de Inclusiones No-Metálicas
Formadas durante la Solidifición en Soldaduras de Aceros de Bajo Contenido de Carbono”, Proc. of Primer
Simposium Internacional de Soldadura, pp. 41-48, ITESM-Monterrey, Mexico, March 1998.
157. K. Johnson, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Welding over Paint Primer,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-098-010,
submitted to Ingalls Shipbuilding and NSRP SP-7 Welding Panel, May 1998.
158. K.S. Bang and S. Liu, “Interfacial Reactions between Cu-Zr Filler Metal and Alumina and Kinetics of Reaction
Layer Growth”, Metals and Materials, 4(2), pp. 95-102, May 1998.
159. E. Bauné and S. Liu, “High Performance Basic FCAW Electrode Development,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR098-016, submitted to Air Liquide, May 1998.
160. S. Liu, “ Arc Welding Consumables: Covered and Cored Electrodes - A Century of Evolution”, in the Proc. of
Intl. Conf. on Trends in Welding Research, pp. 505-516, ASM Intl./AWS, Pine Mountain, Georgia, June 1998,
published in August 1999.
161. K.S. Johnson, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Hydrogen Control and Microstructural Refinement of Structural Steel
Welds using Fluroide-Containing FCAW Electrodes”, in the Proc. of the 17 th International Offshore Mechanics
and Arctic Engineering Conference - Material Symposium, Paper 98-2801, ASME/OMAE, Lisbon, Portugal, 610 July 1998.
162. R.C. de Medeiros and S. Liu, “A Predictive Electrochemical Model for Weld Metal Hydrogen Pickup in
Underwater Wet Welds”, in the Proc. of the 17th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
Conference - Material Symposium, ASME/OMAE, Paper 98-2211, Lisbon, Portugal, 6-10 July 1998.
163. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and S. Caldwell, “Use of Intermetallic Alloys as Additions to Tungsten Electrodes”, in the
Proc. of the 3rd Pacific Rim Materials Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 22652274, TMS, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 12-16, 1998.
164. S. Liu, “SAC Steel Research Program: High Strength, High Toughness Structure Steel Welds using SelfShielded Flux Cored Arc Welding”, in the Proc. on Welded Construction in Seismic Areas, pp. 241-248, Maui,
Hawaii, October 1998.
165. R.R. de Camargo and S. Liu, “Role of Oxygen on the Cu-O-Ti/Sapphire Interfacial Regions Formation”, in Intl.
Conf. Proc. on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, pp. 85-91, ASM Intl., Rosemont, Illinois, October
1998.
166. D. Bucholz, S. Liu, and G. R. Edwards, “Diffusion Bonds Using Sputter Deposited Nickel-Titanium
Multilayers”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, pp. 93-100, ASM Intl.,
Rosemont, Illinois, October 1998.
167. R.P.G.M. Pieters and S. Liu, “Formation of TiN by Laser Gas Alloying (LGA) of Ti-6Al-4V in a Nitrogen
Atmosphere”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Surface Modification Technologies, pp. , ASM Intl., Rosemont, Illinois,
October 1998.
168. W.W. Wang and S. Liu, “High Performance Flux Cored Arc Welding Consumables,” CSM Report MTCWJCR-098-018, submitted to AWS Foundation, July 1998.
169. G.R. Edwards, D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “High Strength Steel Welding Research”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR098-024, submitted to ONR, August 1998.
170. Liyu Yi, Xiaoqin Feng and S. Liu, “SAC Phase 2 Subcontract No. 411-24-472.1 – Maintain and Update
Literature Database”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-098-025, submitted to SAC, September 1998.
171. G.R. Edwards, W. Hanzalek, S. Liu, D.L. Olson, and C. Smith, “Advanced Materials for Marine Construction”,
ABS/MMS/CSM, 526 pp, February 1999.
172. R.P.G.M. Pieters and S. Liu, “TiN Formed by Laser Gas Alloying (LGA) of Ti-6Al-4V”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on
Surface Engineering: Science and Technology I, pp. 415-428, TMS, San Diego, California, March 1999.
173. S. Liu, “Critical Issues in Quality Underwater Wet Welding: A Review”, Proc. of Primer Simposium
Internacional de Soldadura, pp. 67-91, ITESM-Monterrey, Mexico, March 1998.
174. S. Liu et al. “Seminario de Soldadura Humeda”, Seminar Proceedings, MMS/PEMEX/IMP, Ciudad del
Carmen, Mexico, February 1999.
175. S. Liu, “Overview of Mechanical Properties of Materials for Engineers”, ASME Career Development Series –
4-Hour Module, ASME International, March 1999.
176. M.D. Rowe, S. Liu and T.J. Reynolds, “Development of SMAW Coatings for Underwater Wet Welding at
Specific Depth Ranges”, in the Proc. of the 18th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
Conference - Material Symposium, Paper 99-2231, ASME/OMAE, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, 11-16
July 1999.
177. E. Bauné, C. Bonnet and S. Liu, “Rare-Earth Metal Compound Investigation for Weld Metal oxygen Control in
FCAW”, in the Conf.. Proc. Of the 38th Annual Conference of Metallurgists, Symposium on Metal Welding and
Applications, pp. 21-40, CIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 22-26, 1999.
178. W.W. Wang, C. Hughes and S. Liu, “High Performance Flux Cored Arc Welding Consumables,” CSM Report
MT-CWJCR-099-016, submitted to AWS Foundation, July 1999.
179. E. Bauné and S. Liu, “High Performance Basic FCAW Electrode Development,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR099-024, submitted to Air Liquide, July 1999.
180. M. Rowe and S. Liu, “Global – JIP – Task II Report,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-099-028, submitted to JIP –
Technical Activities Committee – Global Industries, December 1999.
181. S. Liu, “Recent Approaches in the Design of Flux-Related Arc Welding Consumables”, Invited Keynote
Lecture and to be published in the 5th International Seminar on “Numerical Analysis of Weldability”, pp. ,
Graz, Austria, October 4-6, 1999.
182. C.E. Cross, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Welding of Aluminum Alloys”, accepted for publication in Handbook of
Aluminum Metallurgy, Processes and Equipment, Marcel Dekker, November 1999.
183. M. Rowe and S. Liu, “Global – JIP – Phase II – Final Report,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-099-032, submitted
to JIP –Technical Activities Committee – Global Industries, December 1999.
184. M. Rowe, J. Major, and S. Liu, “REM Additions to Improve Underwater Wet Weld Quality,” CSM Report
MT-CWJCR-000-007, submitted to AWS Foundation, February 2000.
185. S. Liu, G.R. Edwards, W. Hanzalek, D.L. Olson, and C. Smith, “Corrosion Control for Marine Structures and
Pipelines”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-000-006, submitted to Minerals Managment Service, US Department of
Interior, February 2000.
186. S. Ferree, R. Wang and S. Liu, “Welding Consumables for Hydrogen Management,” in Intl. Workshop Proc. on
Hydrogen Management for Welding Applications, pp. 189-214, (Ottawa, Ontario, October 1998), February
2000.
187. E. Bauné, C. Bonnet and S. Liu, “Reconsidering the Basicity of a FCAW Consumable from the Partition of Its
Elements Between Weld Metal and the Slag - Part I”, accepted for publication in the Welding Journal, V.79(3),
pp. 57s-65s, March 2000.
188. E. Bauné, C. Bonnet and S. Liu, “Reconsidering the Basicity of a FCAW Consumable from the Partition of Its
Elements Between Weld Metal and the Slag - Part 2”, accepted for publication in the Welding Journal, V.79(3),
pp. 66s-71s, March 2000.
Publications submitted or in Preparation
1. S. Liu, J.E. Indacochea and A.Q. Bracarense, “Introductory Welding Metallurgy”, book to be published by the
American Welding Society.
2. W. Wang and S. Liu, “Fundamentals of Underwater Wet Welding”, to be submitted for publication in the
Welding Journal.
3. T. Yamaura and S. Liu, “Development of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Multipass Cu-V
Enriched High Strength Steel Welds,” to be submitted for publication in the Welding Journal.
4. T. Yamaura and S. Liu, “Methodology for the Design of Welding Consumables for High Strength Steel
Welding,” to be submitted for publication in the Scripta Materialia.
5. G.L. Fredricksen, M.Q. Johnson, S. Liu, and G. R. Edwards, “An Investigation of SMAW Consumables
Development for HSLA-130 Steel”, to be submitted for publication in the Welding Journal.
6. S. Liu, “Surface Engineering of Titanium Alloys by Laser Gas Alloying”, Invited Keynote Lecture for the
International Conference: Welding and Joining – New Materials and New Perspectives, Tel Aviv, Israel, July
18-20, 2000.
7. M. Matsushita and S. Liu, “Hydrogen Control in Steel Weld Metal by Means of Fluoride Additions in Welding
Fluxes”, submitted for publication in the AWS Welding Journal.
8. M. Rowe and S. Liu, “Effect of Ferro-Alloy Additions and Depth on the Quality of Underwater Wet Welds”,
accepted for presentation at the 81st AWS Welding and Fabricating Exposition, Technical Program, and to be
submitted for publication in the Welding Journal.
9. D.W. Bulcholz and S. Liu, “Reaction Diffusion of Multilayer Metal Coatings”, to be presented and published in
the IBSC 2000 Conference in Albuquerque, New Mexico, April 2-5, 2000.
10. M. Rowe and S. Liu, “State-of-the-Art Report on Underwater Wet Welding”, to be submitted for publication in
the Journal of Joining Science and Technology.
11. E. Bauné, C. Bonnet and S. Liu, “A Methodology for Assessing the Metal Transfer Stability and the Spatter
Severity in FCAW”, to be submitted for publication in the Welding Journal.
12. S. Liu and D.L. Olson, "Stepwise Flux Formulation Methodology for the Design of FCAW Consumables", to be
presented and publication in the 6th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts in Stockholm,
Sweden and Helsinki, Finland, June 12-16, 2000.
13. W. Wang and S. Liu, “Methodology for Development of Consumables for High Strength Steel Welding”, to be
submitted for publication in the Welding Journal.
INVITED PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
S. Liu, “Carbon Equivalent Equations in Steel Welding”, AWS Lancaster Section Meeting, April 1986.
S. Liu, “Simulation of Multi-Pass Welding using a Personal Computer”, AWS Johnstown Section Meeting,
February 1987.
D. Thomas and S. Liu, “Interpretive Report on Electroslag, Electrogas, and Related Welding Processes”,
Welding Research Council Bulletin 338, November l988.
D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “Welding Metallurgy of Ferrous Materials - Metalurgia de Soldagem de Materiais
Ferrosos”, Brazilian Society for Metals - Associação Brasileira de Metais, São Paulo, Brazil, June 1989.
S. Liu, “Cast Iron Welding Consumables Research”, AWS Cast Iron Welding Symposium, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, October 1989.
S. Liu, G.R. Edwards, G.P. Martins, and D.L. Olson, “The Physical Basis of Brazing: Transient Liquid Phase
and Reactive Metal Brazing”, Quintech ’89 - Golden Gate Materials Technology Conference, Santa Clara, CA,
February 1989.
G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Recent Developments in HSLA Steel Welding”, First US-Japan Symposium on
’Advances in Welding Metallurgy’ -AWS/JWS/JWES, San Francisco, U.S.A. and Yokohama, Japan, June 1990.
S. Liu, “Microstructure of Industrial Brazements”, 25th IMS Convention, Denver, Colorado, August 1992.
S. Liu, “Equal Property Diagrams for Weld Properties Prediction”, Technology Transfer Conference, NIST,
Boulder, Colorado, September 1992.
S. Liu, “Fundamental Studies in Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing”, Keynote Address at the 1992 Brazilian Materials
Congress, Águas de Lindoia, São Paulo, Brazil, December 1992.
S. Liu, “Underwater Welding Technology”, AWS Colorado Section Meeting, March 1993.
S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Welding Metallurgy Seminar Series”, Gansu University of Technology, Shaanxi
University of Technology and Xian Jiao Tong University, China, May 1993.
S. Liu, “Underwater Welding Metallurgy”, Northeastern Junior College Welding Seminar and Exposition,
January 1994.
S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Welding Flux: Nature and Behavior”, ASME-OMAE Workshop on ’Steel and
Weldment for the Offshore Structures: Testing and Data Analysis’, Houston, Texas, February 1994.
S. Liu, “Metallurgy of Structural Steel Welding”, Eastern Wyoming College, AWS Colorado Section Outreach
Program, March 1994.
S. Liu, “Welding in China - Industrial and Educational Outlook”, AWS Colorado Section Meeting, May 1994.
A. Sanchez, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Soldaura Submarina Mojada”, Keynote Address (Presentation
Magisterial) at the 2nd Intl. Congress of Welding in Mexico, Monterrey, Mexico, November 1994.
S. Liu, “Weld Pool Phenomena in Underwater Wet Welding", Colorado School of Mines, Dept. of Chemistry
and Geochemistry Seminar, January 1995.
S. Liu, “Role of Oxygen on the Cu-O-Ti/Sapphire Interfacial Region Formation”, GKSS Materials Research
Center, Geesthacht, and Universität der Bunderswehr - Hamburg, Germany, June 1995.
S. Liu, “Interfacial Reactions and Surface Modification Studies at CWJCR,” CSM - Centro Sviluppo Materiali,
Rome, Italy, June 1996.
S. Liu, “Recent Developments in the Welding of High Strength and High Toughness Steels,” Keynote Address,
Israeli Metallurgical Society - Annual Welding Convention, Tel Aviv, Israel, October 1996.
S. Liu, “Recent Development in Underwater Wet Welding - Consumable Formulation,” Israeli Metallurgical
Society - Annual Welding Convention, Tel Aviv, Israel, October 1996.
S. Liu, “A Century of Shielded Metal Arc Welding: Low Tech or High Tech?”, CSM Materials Program Seminar
Series, Golden, Colorado, November 1996.
24. S. Liu, “Critical Issues in Quality Underwater Wet Welding: A Review”, Keynote Address (Presentation
Magisterial) at the Primer Simposium Internacional de Soldadura, ITESM-Monterrey, Mexico, March 1998.
25. S. Liu, “Welding Engineering Education: Mission and Responsibility of High Education Institutions”,
Plummer Memorial Educational Lecture presented at the AWS Annual Convention in Detroit, Michigan,
April 1998.
26. S. Liu, “Arc Welding Consumables - A Century of Evolution”, Keynote Presentation presented at the 5th
International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, Pine Mountain, Georgia,1-5 June 1998.
27. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and S. Caldwell, “Use of Intermetallic Alloys as Additions to Tungsten Electrodes”, Keynote
Presentation presented at the III Pacific Rim Advanced Materials Conference, TMS, Honolulu, Hawaii, July
1998.
28. S. Liu and P. Camargo, “Role of Oxygen on the Cu-O-Ti/Saphire Interfacial Region Formation”, Invited
Presentation at the Conf. On Advanced Joining Technologies, Rosemont, Illinois, October 1998.
29. S. Liu, “Seminario Taller de Soldadura y Tratamientos Termicos”, Keynote Presentation, Universidad
Nacional del Centro del Peru, Huancayo, Peru, November 1998.
30. S. Liu, “Seminario de Soldadura Humeda”, Invited Presentation, PEMEX/IMP, Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico,
February 1999.
31. S. Liu, “Overview of Mechanical Properties of Materials for Engineers”, Invited Educational Publication,
ASME Career Development Series – 4-Hour Module, ASME International, March 1999.
32. S. Liu, “Recent Approaches in the Design of Flux-Related Arc Welding Consumables”, Keynote Lecture in the
5th International Seminar on “Numerical Analysis of Weldability”, Graz, Austria, October 4-6, 1999.
33. S. Liu, “Surface Engineering of Titanium Alloys by Laser Gas Alloying”, Keynote Lecture for the
International Conference: Welding and Joining – New Materials and New Perspectives, Tel Aviv, Israel, July
18-20, 2000.