PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Light, and Sound Unit
Day 1:
Objectives 18.1.1, 18.1.2
Before class: Read section 18 – 1
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
What do waves transfer?
In what unit is frequency usually expressed?
What happens to the wavelength if the frequency increases?
What are the highest points on a wave?
After class:
Use words from section 18-1 to write the words that fill in the blanks in the
passage below. Note that some of the blanks are filled in already. All your
answers need to be written on your own paper, not on this sheet.
Waves are rhythmic disturbances. The easiest type of wave to
visualize is a (1.) __ __ __ e __ wave. (2.) E __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
transfer energy in powerful shock waves that (3.) t __ __ __ __ __ through
Earth. Most waves travel through some kind of material called a
(4.) __ e __ __ __ __. However, two types of waves that can travel without
any special material present are radio waves and (5.) __ __ g __ __ waves.
You can produces (6.) __ __ a __ __ __ __ __ __ __ waves in a rope by
snapping it up and down. The highest points of such waves are called
(7.) __ r __ __ __ s, and the lowest points are called (8.) __ r __ __ __ __ s .
The distance between the high point of one wave and the high point of the
next wave is the (9.) w __ __ __ __ __ n __ __ __. The distance from the crest
of a wave to the rest position of the medium is the
(10.) a __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ of the wave. The number of wave crests that
pass a place in one second is called the (11.) f __ __ __ __ __ n __ __ o f the
wave, which is expressed in units called(12.) __ __ r __ __.
13. On graph paper, draw a wave that has a wavelength of 4 units and an
amplitude of 2 units. (Each square represents one unit.)
14. On graph paper, draw a wave that has a wavelength of 8 units and an
amplitude of 4 units.
15. On graph paper, draw a wave that has a wavelength of 4 units and an
amplitude of 2 units.
Day 2:
Objectives 18.1.3
Before class: Read section 18 – 1
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Light, and Sound Unit
During class:
1. Practice: A wave is generated in a wave pool at a water park. The wavelength is
3.2 m. The frequency is 0.60 Hz. What is the velocity of the wave?
2. Practice: A wave moving along a rope has a wavelength of 1.2 m and a frequency
of 4.5 Hz. How fast is the wave traveling along the rope?
3. Practice: Earthquakes can produce a transverse wave that travels at 5000 m/s.
its wavelength is about 417 m. What is its frequency?
4. Practice: A tuning fork produces a sound wave with a wavelength of 0.20 m and a
velocity of 25.6 m/s. What is the frequency of the tuning fork?
5. Practice: A tuning fork produces a sound wave with a frequency of 122 Hz and a
velocity of 343 m/s. What is the wavelength of the wave?
6. Practice: A tuning fork produces a sound wave with a frequency of 252 Hz and a
velocity of 343 m/s. What is the wavelength of the wave?
After class:
1. A wave moving along a rope travels at a velocity of 4.0 m/s and has a
frequency of 3.5 Hz. What is the wavelength? Show your work.
2. Sketch a transverse wave. On the wave, label a crest, a trough, a
wavelength, and the amplitude.
3. Using information from section 18 – 1, consider the wavelength,
frequency, and amplitude of a wave.
a. Which of these measurements depend(s) on energy?
b. Which of these measurements is/are measured in meters?
c. Which of these measurements depend(s) on the number of wave
crests?
Answer the following using complete sentences.
4. FM radio stations send out frequencies in the megahertz (MHz) range.
(1 MHz = 1,000,000 Hz) Suppose your favorite radio station is
100.1 MHz on the FM dial and your friend prefers a station that tunes
in at 107.7 MHz. Whose station sends out waves of longer wavelength?
Explain your answer.
Day 3:
Objectives 18.2.1, 18.2.2, 18.2.3, 18.2.4
Before class: Read section 18 – 2
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. What is the relationship between frequency and pitch?
2. The amount of energy in a sound wave determines its _______ and
its ____________.
3. Can sound travel through empty space?
4. What is the Doppler effect?
After class:
1. What type of waves are sound wavers and how do they transfer
energy?
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Light, and Sound Unit
2. How does the temperature of the medium affect the speed of sound
waves?
3. While on your way to school, you turned up the volume on the car
radio. Which of the following quantities changes as a result: velocity of
sound, intensity, pitch, frequency, wavelength, loudness?
4. While watching a “Star Trek” rerun, you hear the roaring approach of
another ship in space. Is this possible? Explain your answer.
5. A bat in a dark cave sends out a high frequency sound wave and
detects an increase in frequency after the sound reflects off the prey.
Is the bat flying towards the prey or away from it?
Day 4:
Objective 18.2.3
Before class:
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. Describe the relationship between frequency and pitch.
During class:
Perform the following lab.
Materials:
PVC pipe of 3 different lengths
pencil
meterstick
Procedure:
1. Measure the length of a pipe and record it in the data table.
2. Hold on end of the pipe up to your ear. Tap the other end of the pipe with your
pencil.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for two more pipes.
4. Observe which pipe has the highest pitch and which has the lowest pitch.
Data and observations:
Sound Frequencies produced by open pipes
Length of Pipe (cm)
Wavelength of sound (cm)
Frequency of sound (Hz)
1. The wavelength of the pipe is twice the length of the pipe. Calculate the
wavelength for each pipe and record it in the data table. Show your work.
2. Assume the velocity of sound to be 34 200 cm/s. Calculate the frequency of the
note from each pipe. Record it in the data table. Show your work.
After class:
Answer the following using complete sentences.
3. How does the length of a pipe compare with the frequency and
wavelength of the sound it can make?
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Light, and Sound Unit
4. Do higher or lower frequencies have higher pitches?
5. A pipe organ uses pipes of different lengths to produce various notes.
What other musical instruments use lengths of pipe to produce musical
notes?
Matching: Write the letter for the item in Column II for the number of each
phrase in Column I. (not all answers will be used)
6. _____sounds move fastest in these
i. intensity
media
j. liquids
7. _____apparent change in pitch of a
k. decibel
sound caused by the motion of the
l. pitch
object making the sound
m. rarefaction
8. _____sounds with frequencies too low
n. temperature
for the human ear to hear
o. transverse waves
9. ____area of a sound wave where
p. troughs
particles are squeezed close together
q. solids
10. ____human perception of loudness
r. ultrasonic
11. ____condition of a medium that
s. vibrations
affects the speed at which a sound
t. vocal cords
wave travels
u. wavelength
12. ____produce sounds
13. ____matter vibrates in the same
direction as these waves travel
14. ____vibrate when you talk
15. ____unit of sound intensity
16. ____area of a sound wave where
particles are less dense
17. ____frequencies too high-pitched for
the human ear to hear
18. ____the highness or lowness of a
sound
19. ____distance between two side by
side compressions of the same wave
20. ____number of compressions that
pass a place each second
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
amplitude
compression
compressional waves
crests
Doppler effect
frequency
gases
infrasonic
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit
Day 5:
Objectives 18.4.1, 18.4.2, 18.4.3
Before class: Read section 18 – 4
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. Two different instruments that play at the same pitch and
loudness have different _________.
2. What is sound with no set pattern and no definite pitch?
3. ________ occurs whn two or more waves combine to form a new
wave.
4. ___________ is caused when the same sound reaches the same place
at several different times.
After class:
Answer the following using complete sentences.
1. Compare and contrast music and noise.
2. If you were to close your eyes and listen to middle C played both on a
piano and on a cello, what musical property would enable you to
distinguish one instrument from the other?
3. Compare and contrast constructive and destructive interference.
4. Intense high frequency sound can actually cause glass to shatter.
What is happening to the glass that causes it to break?
Day 6:
Objectives 19.1.1, 19.1.2, 19.1.3
Before class: Read pages 484 - 488
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. What do radio waves, microwaves, x-rays, and visible light all have
in common?
2. Define:
a. radiation
b. electromagnetic spectrum
c. photons
After class:
Answer the following using complete sentences.
1. Describe at least three ways electromagnetic waves differ from sound
waves.
2. Arrange the following waves in order of decreasing wavelength: radio
waves, gamma rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared radiation.
3. How do microwaves cook food?
4. Explain whether or not you can hear radio waves.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit
Day 7:
Objectives 19.1.2, 19.1.3, 19.2.1, 19.2.2
Before class: Read pages 488 – 493
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. What type of electromagnetic waves have the highest frequency?
2. What type of electromagnetic waves have the longest wavelength?
3. Define:
a. opaque materials
b. transparent materials
c. translucent materials
After class:
Answer the following using complete sentences.
1. Explain how X rays can be used to photograph your bones.
2. If someone told you that you were being exposed to radio waves and
gamma radiation, which would you be the most concerned about?
Explain your answer.
3. Contrast opaque, transparent, and translucent materials. Give at
least one example of each.
4. Outline the major types of electromagnetic radiation discussed in
section 19 – 1. Include at least two uses for each type. If you need
help making an outline, refer to page 677.
Day 8:
Objectives 19.4.1, 19.4.2, 19.4.3
Before class: Read section 19 – 4
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. What is it called when waves bend due to a change in their speed?>
2. A line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the barrier is the
__________.
3. What is the bending of light waves around a barrier?
4. _________ is caused when light waves overlap each other.
5. Define: diffraction grating
After class:
Answer the following using complete sentences.
1. Explain the law of reflection.
2. When light moves from air into glass at an angle, is the light refracted
toward or away from the normal?
3. Explain how a prism separates the colors of the spectrum from white
light.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit
4. Scientists say that light has both particle and wave properties.
Explain why observations of diffraction and interference patterns
conflict with the idea that light consists of particles.
Day 9:
Objectives 20.1.1, 20.1.2
Before class:
Read section 20 – 1
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. A ____________ forms an upright, virtual image.
2. A ___________ is curved like the inside of a spoon.
3. What image do you see if you place the object at the focal point of
a concave mirror?
4. Define: a. virtual image; b. focal point; c. focal length; d. real image
After class:
Use the terms in the list to fill in the blanks in the
paragraph about mirrors. Two terms will be used twice.
reversed
behind
length
focal
upside down
reflect
plane
concave
optical
upright
virtual
eyes
convex
spread
smooth
ray
real
smaller
Mirrors can be formed by almost any __________________ surface. Flat mirrors
made from glass with a reflective coating on the back are called
____________________ mirrors. To see your face in a mirror, light has to
___________________ off your face. This light goes to the mirror and is reflected
toward your _____________________. The image you see will be ___________________
from left to right. To explain this requires the use of a ___________________ model.
The image will appear to come from __________________ the mirror. Since there is
nothing behind the mirror, this image is called a ____________________ image.
Mirrors that have a curve like the bowl of a spoon are called
________________ mirrors. A straight line going through the center of a mirror is
called the _____________ axis. Beams of light parallel to this axis will strike a
concave mirror and be reflected to pass trhough a point on the optical axis called the
______________ point. The distance from the focal point to the center of the mirror is
called the focal _______________. When a concave mirror is used to reflect light from
an object that is placed farther from the mirror than the focal point, the image
formed will be a ________________ image. the image will be enlarged and
____________________. If the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror,
an image is seen that is enlarged, _________________, and seems to be
_________________ the mirror. Because the image appears to be behind the mirror,
it cannot be projected onto a screen like a real image and is therefore called a
____________________ image.
A type of mirror like the back of a spoon is called a __________________
mirror. The rays that are reflected from this mirror are always _______________ out.
When this happens, the image will appear to be behind the mirror and be upright
but __________________ than the original object.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit
Day 10:
Objectives 20.2.1, 20.2.2, 20.2.3
Before class: Read section 20 – 2
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. A(n)_________ lens causes light rays to diverge.
2. Light rays meet at the focal point after passing through a(n)
_____________ lens.
3. What kind of lens is found in your eye?
After class:
Answer the following using complete sentences
1. Distinguish between the characteristics of convex and concave lenses.
2. When using a slide projector, you put the slides in upside down. Why?
3. What type of lens would you use to examine a tiny spider on your
desk?
4. If you have trouble reading the whiteboard from the back row, what is
most likely your vision problem? How could it be corrected?
Day 11:
Objectives 20.3.1, 20.3.2
Before class: Read section 20 – 3
Answer the following. Complete sentences are not needed.
1. A telescope which contains a concave mirror, a plane mirror, and a
convex lens is called a(n)____________ telescope.
2. What optical instrument could you make to magnify close objects
too small to see with the unaided eye?
3. What kind of camera lens would you use if you wanted to
photograph a person with his or her surroundings?
After class:
Answer the following using complete sentences
1. Compare and contrast reflecting and refracting telescopes.
2. If you wanted to photograph a single rose on a rosebush, what kind of
lens would you use? Why?
3. Why are maps of the moon shown upside down?
4. Which of the following optical instruments forms images in a way most
like your eye – a telescope, a microscope, or a camera? Explain your
answer.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Waves, Sound, and Light Unit
Day 12:
All Objectives
Before class:
Study chapters 18, 19, and 20.
Organize your handouts from each day. You should have days 1 – 11.
Miss Becker will be checking that you have them all during class.
During class:
Answer the following questions from the chapter 18 review on pages 479 – 481.
Understanding Vocabulary 1, 3 – 10
Checking Concepts 1 – 6, 8 – 9
Understanding Concepts 11 – 15
Think and Write Critically 16, 18
Apply 21
Answer the following questions from the chapter 19 review on pages 507 – 509.
Understanding Vocabulary 1 – 4, 6 – 10
Checking Concepts 1 – 10
Understanding Concepts 11, 14, 15
Answer the following questions from the chapter 20 review on pages 535 – 537.
Understanding Vocabulary 1 – 7
Checking Concepts 1 – 8
Understanding Concepts 11 – 13
Think and Write Critically 19
Apply 22 – 24
After class:
Study for the unit test.