Appendix A. A list of papers from which data are extracted for this synthesis.
Aarnio T, Martikainen PJ (1995) Mineralization of C and N and nitrification in scots pine forest
soil treated with nitrogen fertilizers containing different proportions of urea and its
slow-releasing derivative, ureaformaldehyde. Soil Biol Biochem 27:1325-1331.
Acosta-Martinez V, Reicher Z, Bischoff M, Turco RF (1999) The role of tree leaf mulch and
nitrogen fertilizer on turfgrass soil quality. Biol Fert Soils 29:55-61.
Adams AB, Harrison RB, Sletten RS, Strahm BD, Turnblom EC, Jensen CM (2005)
Nitrogen-fertilization impacts on carbon sequestration and flux in managed coastal
Douglas-fir stands of the Pacific Northwest. Forest Ecol Manag 220:313-325.
Adeboye MKA, Iwuafor ENO, Agbenin JO (2006) The effects of crop rotation and nitrogen
fertilization on soil chemical and microbial properties in a Guinea savanna Alfisol of
Nigeria. Plant Soil 281:97-107.
Ajwa HA, Dell CJ, Rice CW (1999) Changes in enzyme activities and microbial biomass of
tallgrass prairie soil as related to burning and nitrogen fertilization. Soil Biol Biochem
31:769-777.
Allard V, Robin C, Newton PCD, Lieffering M, Soussana JF (2006) Short and long-term effects
of elevated CO2 on Lolium perenne rhizodeposition and its consequences on soil organic
matter turnover and plant N yield. Soil Biol Biochem 38:1178-1187.
Arnone III JA (1999) Symbiotic N2 fixation in a high Alpine grassland: effects of four growing
seasons of elevated CO2. Funct Ecol 13:383-387.
Baer SG, Blair JM (2008) Grassland establishment under varying resource availability: A test of
positive and negative feedback. Ecology 89:1859-1871.
Balik J, Cerny J, Tlustos P, Zitkova M (2003) Nitrogen balance and mineral nitrogen content in
the soil in a long experiment with maize under different systems of N fertilization. Plant
Cell Environ 49:554-559.
Bennett LT, Adams MA (2001) Response of a perennial grassland to nitrogen and phosphorus
additions in sub-tropical, semi-arid Australia. J Arid Environ 48, 289-308.
Biederbeck VO, Campbell CA, Ukrainetz H, Curtin D, Bouman OT (1996) Soil microbial and
biochemical properties after ten years of fertilization with urea and anhydrous ammonia.
Can J Soil Sci 76:7-14.
Bradley K, Drijber RA, Knops J (2006) Increased N availability in grassland soils modifies their
microbial communities and decreases the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil
Biol Biochem 38:1583-1595.
1
Brenner R, Boone RD, Ruess RW (2005) Nitrogen additions to pristine, high-latitude, forest
ecosystems: consequences for soil nitrogen transformations and retention in mid and late
succession. Biogeochemistry 72:257-282.
Carpenter-Boggs L, Pikul JL, Vigil MF, Riedell WE (2000) Soil nitrogen mineralization
influenced by crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization. Soil Sci Soc Am J 64:2038-2045.
Chen CR, Xu ZH, Hughes JM (2002) Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil nitrogen pools and
microbial properties in a hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) plantation in southeast
Queensland, Australia. Biol Fert Soils 36:276-283.
Choi WJ, Chang SX, Allen HL, Kelting DL, Ro HM (2005) Irrigation and fertilization effects on
foliar and soil carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in a loblolly pine stand. Forest Ecol
Manag 213:90-101.
Clapp CE, Allmaras RR, Layese MF, Linden DR, Dowdy RH (2000) Soil organic carbon and
C-13 abundance as related to tillage, crop residue, and nitrogen fertilization under
continuous corn management in Minnesota. Soil Till Res 55:127-142.
Corre MD, Beese FO, Brumme R (2003) Soil nitrogen cycle in high nitrogen deposition forest:
Changes under nitrogen saturation and liming. Ecol Appl 13:287-298.
Curtis PS, Balduman LM, Drake BG, Whigham DF (1990) Elevated atmospheric CO2 effects on
belowground processes in C3 and C4 estuarine marsh communities. Ecology
71:2001-2006.
Daepp M, Nösberger J, Lüscher A (2001) Nitrogen fertilization and developmental stage alter
the response of Lolium perenne to elevated CO2. New Phytol 150:347-358.
Daepp M, Suter D, Almeida JPF, Isopp H, Hartwig UA, Frehner M, Blum H, Nösberger
J, Lüscher A (2000) Yield response of Lolium perenne swards to free air CO2 enrichment
increased over six years in a high N input system on fertile soil. Global Change Biol
6:805-816.
Dakora FD, Drake BG (2000) Elevated CO2 stimulates associative N2 fixation in a C3 plant of
the Chesapeake Bay wetland. Plant Cell Environ 23:943-953.
D'Antonio CM, Mack MC (2006) Nutrient limitation in a fire-derived, nitrogen-rich Hawaiian
grassland. Biotropica 38:458-467.
Dick RP, Christ RA (1995) Effects of long-term residue management and nitrogen fertilization
on availability and profile distribution of nitrogen. Soil Sci 159:402-408.
Diekow J, Mielniczuk J, Knicker H, Bayer C, Dick DP, Kogel-Knabner I (2005) Soil C and N
stocks as affected by cropping systems and nitrogen fertilization in a southern Brazil
Acrisol managed under no-tillage for 17 years. Soil Till Res 81:87-95.
2
Dijkstra FA, Hobbie SE, Reich PB, Knops JMH (2005) Divergent effects of elevated CO2, N
fertilizattion, and plant diversity on soil C and N dynamics in a grassland field experiment.
Plant Soil 272:41-52.
Ding WX, Cai Y, Cai ZC, Yagi K, Zheng XH (2007) Soil respiration under maize crops: Effects
of water, temperature, and nitrogen fertilization. Soil Sci Soc Am J 71:944-951.
Dodor DE, Tabatabai MA (2002) Effects of cropping systems and microbial biomass on
arylamidase activity in soils. Biol Fert Soils 35:253-261.
Elharis MK, Cochran VL, Elliott LF, Bezdicek DF (1983) Effect of tillage, cropping, and
fertilizer management on soil nitrogen mineralization potential. Soil Sci Soc Am J
47:1157-1161.
Ercoli L, Mariotti M, Masoni A, Bonari E (1999) Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on
biomass yield and efficiency of energy use in crop production of Miscanthus. Field Crops
Res 63:3-11.
Erickson H, Keller M, Davidson EA (2001) Nitrogen oxide fluxes and nitrogen cycling during
postagricultural succession and forest fertilization in the humid tropics. Ecosystems
4:67-84.
Fan TL, Stewart BA, Yong W, Luo JJ, Zhou GY (2005) Long-term fertilization effects on grain
yield, water-use efficiency and soil fertility in the dryland of Loess Plateau in China. Agr
Ecosyst Environ 106:313-329.
Fang QX, Yu Q, Wang EL, Chen YH, Zhang GL, Wang J, Li LH (2006) Soil nitrate
accumulation, leaching and crop nitrogen use as influenced by fertilization and irrigation in
an intensive wheat-maize double cropping system in the North China Plain. Plant Soil
284:335-350.
Finzi AC, DeLucia EH, Hamilton JG, Richter DD, Schlesinger WH (2002) The nitrogen budget
of a pine forest under free air CO2 enrichment. Oecologia 132:567-578.
Fisk MC, Schmidt SK (1996) Microbial responses to nitrogen additions in alpine tundra soil.
Soil Biol Biochem 28:751-755.
Fliessbach A, Oberholzer HR, Gunst L, Mader P (2007) Soil organic matter and biological soil
quality indicators after 21 years of organic and conventional farming. Agr Ecosyst Eviron
118:273-284.
Foereid B, Barthram GT, Marriott CA (2007) The CENTURY model failed to simulate soil
organic matter development in an acidic grassland. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 78:143-153.
Follett RF, Castellanos JZ, Buenger ED (2005) Carbon dynamics and sequestration in an
irrigated Vertisol in Central Mexico. Soil Till Res 83:148-158.
Fox TR (2004) Nitrogen mineralization following fertilization of Douglas-fir forests with urea in
western Washington. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68:1720-1728.
3
Gallo ME, Lauber CL, Cabaniss SE, Waldrop MP, Sinsabaugh RL, Zak DR (2005) Soil organic
matter and litter chemistry response to experimental N deposition in northern temperate
deciduous forest ecosystems. Global Change Biol 11:1514-1521.
Gill RA, Polley HW, Johnson HB, Anderson LJ, Maherali H, Jackson RB (2002) Nonlinear
grassland responses to past and future atmospheric CO2. Nature 417:279-282.
Gnankambary Z, Stedt U, Nyberg G, Hien V, Malmer A (2008) Nitrogen and phosphorus
limitation of soil microbial respiration in two tropical agroforestry parklands in the
south-Sudanese zone of Burkina Faso: The effects of tree canopy and fertilization. Soil
Biol Biochem 40:350-359.
Gollany HT, Allmaras RR, Copeland SM, Albrecht SL, Douglas CL (2006) Incorporated source
carbon and nitrogen fertilization effects on carbon storage and soluble silica in a
haploxeroll. Soil Sci 171:585-597.
Groenigen KJV, Harris D, Horwath W, Hartwig UA, Kessel CV (2002) Linking sequestration of
13C and 15N in aggregates in a pasture soil following 8 years of elevated atmospheric CO2.
Global Change Biol 8:1094-1108.
Grulke NE, Dobrowolski W, Mingus P, Fenn ME (2005) California black oak response to
nitrogen amendment at a high O-3, nitrogen-saturated site. Environ Pollut 137:536-545.
Gurlevik N, Kelting DL, Allen HL (2004) Nitrogen mineralization following vegetation control
and fertilization in a 14-year-old loblolly pine plantation. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68:272-281.
Gusewell S, Koerselman W, Verhoeven JTA (2002) Time-dependent effects of fertilization on
plant biomass in floating fens. J Veg Sci 13:705-718.
Halvorson AD, Reule CA, Follett RF (1999) Nitrogen fertilization effects on soil carbon and
nitrogen in a dryland cropping system. Soil Sci Soc Am J 63:912-917.
Hartwig UA, Lüscher A, Daepp M, Blum H, Soussana JF, Nösberger J (2000) Due to symbiotic
N2 fixation, five years of elevated atmospheric pCO2 had no effect on the N concentration
of plant litter in fertile, mixed grassland. Plant Soil 224:43-50.
Hartwig UA, Lüscher A, Nösberger J, Kessel CV (2002) Nitrogen 15 budget in model
ecosystems of white clover and perennial ryegrass exposed for four years at elevated
atmospheric pCO2. Global Change Biol 8:194-202.
Hauggaard-Nielsen H, de Neergaard A, Jensen LS, Hogh-Jensen H, Magid J (1998) A field study
of nitrogen dynamics and spring barley growth as affected by the quality of incorporated
residues from white clover and ryegrass. Plant Soil 203:91-101.
He X, Izaurralde RC, Vanotti MB, Williams JR, Thomson AM (2006) Simulating long-term and
residual effects of nitrogen fertilization on corn yields, soil carbon sequestration, and soil
nitrogen dynamics. J Environ Qual 35:1608-1619.
4
Heijmans MMPD, Klees H, Berendse F (2002) Competition between Sphagnum magellanicum
and Eriophorum angustifolium as affected by raised CO2 and increased N deposition. Oikos
97:415-425.
Hungate BA, Hart SC, Selmants PC, Boyle SI, Gehring CA (2007) Soil responses to
management, increased precipitation, and added nitrogen in ponderosa pine forests. Ecol
Appl 17:1352-1365.
Jackson RB, Reynolds HL (1996) Nitrate and ammonium uptake for single- and mixed-species
communities grown at elevated CO2. Oecologia 105:74-80.
Jagadamma S, Lal R, Hoeft RG, Nafziger ED, Adee EA (2007) Nitrogen fertilization and
cropping systems effects on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen pools under chisel-plow
tillage in Illinois. Soil Till Res 95:348-356.
Jandl R, Kopeszki H, Bruckner A, Hager H (2003) Forest soil chemistry and mesofauna 20 years
after an amelioration fertilization. Restor Ecol 11:239-246.
Jastrow JD, Miller RM, Owensby CE (2000) Long-term effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on
below-ground biomass and transformations to soil organic matter in grassland. Plant Soil
224:85-97.
Jia GM, Cao J, Wang G (2005) Influence of land management on soil nutrients and microbial
biomass in the central Loess Plateau, northwest China. Land Degrad Dev 16:455-462.
Joergensen RG, Scheu S (1999) Response of soil microorganisms to the addition of carbon,
nitrogen and phosphorus in a forest Rendzina. Soil Biol Biochem 31:859-866.
Johansson G (1992) Belowground carbon distribution in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with and
without nitrogen fertilization. Plant Soil 144:93-99.
Johnson DW, Ball JT, Walker RF (1997) Effects of CO2 and nitrogen fertilization on vegetation
and soil nutrient content in juvenile ponderosa pine. Plant Soil 190:29-40.
Johnson DW, Ball JT, Walker RF (1997) Effects of CO2 and nitrogen fertilization on vegetation
and soil nutrient content in juvenile ponderosa pine. Plant Soil 190:29-40.
Johnson DW, Cheng W, Ball JT (2000) Effects of [CO2] and nitrogen fertilization on soils
planted with ponderosa pine. Plant Soil 224:99-113.
Johnson DW, Cheng W, Ball JT (2000) Effects of CO2 and nitrogen fertilization on soils planted
with ponderosa pine. Plant Soil 224:99-113.
Johnson DW, Cheng W, Joslin JD, Norby RJ, Edwards NT, Todd DE (2004) Effects of elevated
CO2 on nutrient cycling in a sweetgum plantation. Biogeochemistry 69:379-403.
Johnson DW, Hoylman AM, Ball JT, Walker RF (2006) Ponderosa pine responses to elevated
CO2 and nitrogen fertilization. Biogeochemistry 77:157-175.
5
Johnson DW, Hungate BA, Dijkstra P, Hymus G, Hinkle CR, Stiling P, Drake BG (2003) The
effects of elevated CO2 on nutrient distribution in a fire-adapted scrub oak forest. Ecol Appl
13:1388-1399.
Kanchikerimath M, Singh D (2001) Soil organic matter and biological properties after 26 years
of maize-wheat-cowpea cropping as affected by manure and fertilization in a Cambisol in
semiarid region of India. Agr Ecosyst Environ 86:155-162.
Kapkiyai JJ, Karanja NK, Qureshi JN, Smithson PC, Woomer PL (1999) Soil organic matter and
nutrient dynamics in a Kenyan nitisol under long-term fertilizer and organic input
management. Soil Biol Biochem 31:1773-1782.
Katterer T, Andren O, Pettersson R (1998) Growth and nitrogen dynamics of reed canarygrass
(Phalaris arundinacea L.) subjected to daily fertilization and irrigation in the field. Field
Crops Res 55:153-164.
Kowaljow E, Mazzarino MJ (2007) Soil restoration in semiarid Patagonia: Chemical and
biological response to different compost quality. Soil Biol Biochem 39:1580-1588.
Lee DK, Owens VN, Doolittle JJ (2007) Switchgrass and soil carbon sequestration response to
ammonium nitrate, manure, and harvest frequency on conservation reserve program land.
Agron J 99:462-468.
Lichter J, Barron SH, Finzi AC, Irving KF, Roberts MT, Stemmler EA, Schlesinger WH (2005)
Soil carbon sequestration and turnover in a pine forest after six years of atmospheric CO2
enrichment. Ecology 86:1835-1847.
Liebig MA, Varvel GE, Doran JW, Wienhold BJ (2002) Crop sequence and nitrogen fertilization
effects on soil properties in the Western Corn Belt. Soil Sci Soc Am J 66:596-601.
Loiseau P, Soussana JF (1999) Elevated [CO2], temperature increase and N supply effects on the
accumulation of below-ground carbon in a temperate grassland ecosystem. Plant Soil
212:123-134.
Lynch DH, Voroney RP, Warman PR (2005) Soil physical properties and organic matter
fractions under forages receiving composts, manure or fertilizer. Compost Sci Util
13:252-261.
Mack MC, Schuur EAG, Bret-Harte MS, Shaver GR, Chapin FS (2004) Ecosystem carbon
storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization. Nature 431:440-443.
Magill AH, Aber JD, Currie WS, Nadelhoffer KJ, Martin ME, McDowell WH, Melillo JM,
Steudler P (2004) Ecosystem response to 15 years of chronic nitrogen additions at the
Harvard Forest LTER, Massachusetts, USA. Forest Ecol Manag 196:7-28.
Magill AH, Aber JD, Hendricks JJ, Bowden RD, Melillo JM, Steudler PA (1997)
Biogeochemical response of forest ecosystems to simulated chronic nitrogen deposition.
Ecol Appl 7:402-415.
6
Maillard P, Guehl JM, Muller JF, Gross P (2001) Interactive effects of elevated CO2
concentration and nitrogen supply on partitioning of newly fixed C-13 and N-15 between
shoot and roots of pedunculate oak seedlings (Quercus robur). Tree Physiol 21:163-172.
Malhi SS, Harapiak JT, Nyborg M, Flore NA (1991) Soil chemical properties after long-term N
fertilization of bromegrass- nitrogen rate. Commun Soil Sci Plan 22:1447-1458.
Malhi SS, Lemke R (2007) Tillage, crop residue and N fertilizer effects on crop yield, nutrient
uptake, soil quality and nitrous oxide gas emissions in a second 4-yr rotation cycle. Soil
Till Res 96:269-283.
Malhi SS, Lemke R, Wang ZH, Chhabra BS (2006) Tillage, nitrogen and crop residue effects on
crop yield, nutrient uptake, soil quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. Soil Till Res
90:171-183.
Malhi SS, Nyborg M, Harapiak JT, Heier K, Flore NA (1997) Increasing organic C and N in soil
under bromegrass with long-term N fertilization. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyss 49:255-260.
Mando A, Bonzi M, Wopereis MCS, Lompo F, Stroosnijder L (2005) Long-term effects of
mineral and organic fertilization on soil organic matter fractions and sorghum yield under
Sudano-Sahelian conditions. Soil Use Manage 21:396-401.
Manna MC, Swarup A, Wanjari RH, Mishra B, Shahi DK (2007) Long-term fertilization,
manure and liming effects on soil organic matter and crop yields. Soil Till Res 94:397-409.
Manna MC, Swarup A, Wanjari RH, Singh YV, Ghosh PK, Singh KN, Tripathi AK, Saha MN
(2006) Soil organic matter in a west Bengal inceptisol after 30 years of multiple cropping
and fertilization. Soil Sci Soc Am J 70:121-129.
Matamala R, Drake BG (1999) The influence of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plant-soil
nitrogen interactions in a wetland plant community on the Chesapeake Bay. Plant Soil
210:93-101.
Matamala R, Schlesinger WH (2000) Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on fine root
production and activity in an intact temperature forest ecosystem. Global Change Biol
6:967-979.
Miglierina AM, Iglesias JO, Landriscini MR, Galantini JA, Rosell RA (2000) The effects of crop
rotation and fertilization on wheat productivity in the Pampean semiarid region of
Argentina. 1. Soil physical and chemical properties. Soil Till Res 53:129-135.
Mitchell AK, Barclay HJ, Brix H, Pollard DFW, Benton R, deJong R (1996) Biomass and
nutrient element dynamics in Douglas-fir: Effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization over
18 years. Can J Forest Res 26:376-388.
Monaco S, Hatch DJ, Sacco D, Bertora C, Grignani C (2008) Changes in chemical and
biochemical soil properties induced by 11-yr repeated additions of different organic
materials in maize-based forage systems. Soil Biol Biochem 40:608-615.
7
Moore JM, Klose S, Tabatabai MA (2000) Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as
affected by cropping systems. Biol Fert Soils 31:200-210.
Moscatelli MC, Lagornarsino A, De Angelis P, Grego S (2008) Short- and medium-term
contrasting effects of nitrogen fertilization on C and N cycling in a poplar plantation soil.
Forest Ecol Manag 255:447-454.
Nadelhoffer KJ, Downs MR, Fry B (1999) Sinks for N-15-enriched additions to an oak forest
and a red pine plantation. Ecol Appl 9:72-86.
Neff JC, Townsend AR, Gleixner G, Lehman SJ, Turnbull J, Bowman WD (2002) Variable
effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of soil carbon. Nature
419:915-917.
Nziguheba G, Merckx R, Palm CA (2005) Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a
phosphorus-deficient soil amended with organic residues and fertilizers in western Kenya.
Biol Fert Soils 41:240-248.
Ottman MJ, Doerge TA, Martin EC (2000) Durum grain quality as affected by nitrogen
fertilization near anthesis and irrigation during grain fill. Agron J 92:1035-1041.
Parker JL, Fernandez IJ, Rustad LE, Norton SA (2001) Effects of nitrogen enrichment, wildfire,
and harvesting on forest-soil carbon and nitrogen. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65:1248-1255.
Paustian K, Andren O, Clarholm M, Hansson AC, Johansson G, Lagerlof J, Lindberg T,
Pettersson R, Sohlenius B (1990) Carbon and nitrogen budgets of four agro -ecosystems
with annual and perennial crops, with and without N fertilization. J Appl Ecol 27:60-84.
Pelletier S, Belanger G, Tremblay GE, Bregard A, Allard G (2006) Dietary cation-anion
difference of timothy as affected by development stage and nitrogen and phosphorus
fertilization. Agron J 98:774-780.
Pregitzer KS, Burton AJ, Zak DR, Talhelm AF (2008) Simulated chronic nitrogen deposition
increases carbon storage in Northern Temperate forests. Global Change Biol 14:142-153
Pregitzer KS, Zak DR, Curtis PS, Kubiske ME, Teeri JA, Vogel CS (1995) Atmospheric CO2,
soil nitrogen and turnover of fine roots. New Phytol 129:579-585.
Prietzel J, Rehfuess KE, Stetter U, Pretzsch H (2008) Changes of soil chemistry, stand nutrition,
and stand growth at two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sites in Central Europe during 40
years after fertilization, liming, and lupine introduction. Eur J Forest Res 127:43-61.
Prystupa P, Savin R, Slafer GA (2004) Grain number and its relationship with dry matter, N and
P in the spikes at heading in response to N x P fertilization in barley. Field Crops Res
90:245-254.
Raun WR, Johnson GV, Phillips SB, Westerman RL (1998) Effect of long-term N fertilization
on soil organic C and total N in continuous wheat under conventional tillage in Oklahoma.
Soil Till Res 47:323-330.
8
Reich PB, Tilman D, Craine J, Ellsworth D, Tjoelker MG, Knops J, Wedin D, Naeem
S, Bahauddin D, Goth J, Bengtson W, Lee TD (2001) Do species and functional groups
differ in acquisition and use of C, N and water under varying atmospheric CO2 and N
availability regimes? A field test with 16 grassland species. New Phytol 150:435-448.
Richards JE, Webster CP (1999) Denitrification in the subsoil of the Broadbalk Continuous
Wheat Experiment. Soil Biol Biochem 31:747-755.
Riley HCF (1998) Soil mineral-N and N-fertilizer requirements of spring cereals in two
long-term tillage trials on loam soil in southeast Norway. Soil Till Res 48:265-274.
Ros M, Klammer S, Knapp B, Aichberger K, Insam H (2006) Long-term effects of compost
amendment of soil on functional and structural diversity and microbial activity. Soil Use
Manage 22:209-218.
Sager EPS, Hutchinson TC (2005) The effects of UV-B, nitrogen fertilization, and springtime
warming on sugar maple seedlings and the soil chemistry of two central Ontario forests.
Can J Forest Res 35:2432-2446.
Sainju UM, Singh BP, Whitehead WF (2001) Comparison of the effects of cover crops and
nitrogen fertilization on tomato yield, root growth, and soil properties. Sci Hortic
91:201-214.
Sainju UM, Singh BP, Whitehead WF (2002) Long-term effects of tillage, cover crops, and
nitrogen fertilization on organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in sandy loam soils in
Georgia, USA. Soil Till Res 63:167-179.
Sainju UM, Singh BP, Whitehead WF (2005) Tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization
effects on cotton and sorghum root biomass, carbon, and nitrogen. Agron J 97:1279-1290.
Sainju UM, Whitehead WF, Singh BR (2003) Cover crops and nitrogen fertilization effects on
soil aggregation and carbon and nitrogen pools. Can J Soil Sci 83:155-165.
Schlesinger WH, Lichter J (2001) Limited carbon storage in soil and litter of experimental forest
plots under increased atmospheric CO2. Nature 411:466-469.
Shen J, Li R, Zhang F, Fan J, Tang C, Rengel Z (2004) Crop yields, soil fertility and phosphorus
fractions in response to long-term fertilization under the rice monoculture system on a
calcareous soil. Field Crops Res 86:225-238.
Shen MX, Yang LZ, Yao YM, Wu DD, Wang JG, Guo RL, Yin SX (2007) Long-term effects of
fertilizer managements on crop yields and organic carbon storage of a typical rice-wheat
agroecosystem of China. Biol Fert Soils 44:187-200.
Sifola MI, Postiglione L (2003) The effect of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency of
irrigated and non-irrigated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Plant Soil 252:313-323.
Silver WL, Thompson AW, Reich A, Ewel JJ, Firestone MK (2005) Nitrogen cycling in tropical
plantation forests: Potential controls on nitrogen retention. Ecol Appl 15:1604-1614.
9
Sirulnik AG, Allen EB, Meixner T, Fenn ME, Allen MF (2007) Changes in N cycling and
microbial N with elevated N in exotic annual grasslands of southern California. Appl Soil
Ecol 36:1-9.
Su YZ, Wang F, Suo DR, Zhang ZH, Du MW (2006) Long-term effect of fertilizer and manure
application on soil-carbon sequestration and soil fertility under the wheat-wheat-maize
cropping system in northwest China. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyss 75:285-295.
Thomas VFD, Braun S, Fluckiger W (2005) Effects of simultaneous ozone exposure and
nitrogen loads on carbohydrate concentrations, biomass, and growth of young spruce trees
(Picea abies). Environ Pollut 137:507-516.
Torn MS, Vitousek PM, Trumbore SE (2005) The influence of nutrient availability on soil
organic matter turnover estimated by incubations and radiocarbon modeling. Ecosystems
8:352-372.
Turner CL, Blair JM, Schartz RJ, Neel JC (1997) Soil N and plant responses to fire, topography,
and supplemental N in tallgrass prairie. Ecology 78:1832-1843.
van der Hoek D, van Mierlo A, van Groenendael JM (2004) Nutrient limitation and
nutrient-driven shifts in plant species composition in a species-rich fen meadow. J Veg Sci
15:389-396.
Van Miegroet H, Jandl R (2007) Are nitrogen-fertilized forest soils sinks or sources of carbon?
Environ Monit Assess 128:121-131.
Van Oijen M, Schapendonk AHCM, Jansen MJH, Pot CS, Maciorowski R (1999) Do open-top
chambers overestimate the effects of rising CO2 on plants? An analysis using spring wheat.
Global Change Biol 5:411-421.
Varvel GE (1994) Rotation and nitrogen fertilization effects on changes in soil carbon and
nitrogen. Agron J 86:319-325.
Verhoeven JTA, Schmitz MB (1991) Control of plant growth by nitrogen and phosphorus in
mesotrophic fens. Biogeochemistry 12:135-148.
Wallenstein MD, McNulty S, Fernandez IJ, Boggs J, Schlesinger WH (2006) Nitrogen
fertilization decreases forest soil fungal and bacterial biomass in three long-term
experiments. Forest Ecol Manag 222:459-468.
Wang SP, Wang YF, Schnug E, Haneklaus S, Fleckenstein J (2002) Effects of nitrogen and
sulphur fertilization on oats yield, quality and digestibility and nitrogen and sulphur
metabolism of sheep in the Inner Mongolia Steppes of China. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyss
62:195-202.
Westerman RL, Boman RK, Raun WR, Johnson GV (1994) Ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in
soil profiles of long-term winter wheat fertilization experiments. Agron J 86:94-99.
10
Wuest SB, Caesar-TonThat TC, Wright SF, Williams JD (2005) Organic matter addition, N, and
residue burning effects on infiltration, biological, and physical properties of an intensively
tilled silt-loam soil. Soil Till Res 84:154-167.
Yan DZ, Wang DJ, Yang LZ (2007) Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer, straw, and manure
on labile organic matter fractions in a paddy soil. Biol Fert Soils 44:93-101.
Yang SM, Malhi SS, Li FM, Suo DR, Xu MG, Wang P, Xiao GJ, Jia Y, Guo TW, Wang JG
(2007) Long-term effects of manure and fertilization on soil organic matter and quality
parameters of a calcareous soil in NW China. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 170:234-243.
Zak DR, Pregitzer KS, Curtis PS, Vogel CS, Holmes WE, Deforest J, Lussenhop J (2000)
Atmospheric CO2, soil-N availability, and allocation of biomass and nitrogen by Populus
tremuloides. Ecol Appl 10:34-46.
Zanetti S, Hartwig UA, Luscher A, Hebeisen T, Frehner M, Fischer BU, Hendrey GR, Blum H,
Nosberger J (1996) Stimulation of symbiotic N2 fixation in Trifolium repens L. under
elevated atmospheric pCO2 in a grassland ecosystem. Plant Physiol 112:575-583.
Zhang LH, Song CC, Wang DX, Wang YY (2007) Effects of exogenous nitrogen on freshwater
marsh plant growth and N2O fluxes in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Atmos Environ
41:1080-1090.
11