职称英语等级考试全真模拟试卷二
(理工类 A 级)
第 1 部分：词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意
义最为接近的选项
1. She was a puzzle.
A. girl B. woman C. problem D. mystery
2. Her specialty is heart surgery.
A. region B. site C. field D. platform
3. France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.
A. friendly B. private C. strong D. secret
4. You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.
A. spread B. mixed C. beaten D. covered
5. The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English
society.
A. destroyed B. broke C. smashed D. changed
6. Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.
A. posted B. sent C. given D. handed
7. The change in that village was miraculous.
A. conservative B. amazing C. insignificant D. unforgettable
8. Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.
A. make B. demand C. postpone D. obtain
9. Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.
A. ban B. remove C. eliminate D. expel
10. She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.
A. declares B. asserts C. describes D. announces
11. From my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculous.
A. field B. point of view C. knowledge D. information
12. The latest census is encouraging.
A. statement B. assessment C. evaluation D. count
13. The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel
uneasy.
A. different B. proud C. uncomfortable D. unconscious
14. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply
for it.
A. able B. fortunate C. qualified D. competent
15. He was elevated to the post of prime minister.
A. pulled B. promoted C. lifted D. treated
第 2 部分：阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果
该句提的是正确信息，请选择 A：如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B：如果该
句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。
Plants and Mankind
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the
history of human knowledge. We don't know what our Stone Age
ancestors (祖先) knew about plants, but from what we can observe of
preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of
plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have
always been enormously (巨大地) important to the welfare of people,
not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes,
Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in
the jungle of the Amazon (亚马逊河) recognize hundreds of plants and
know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is
probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at
all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we
move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our
knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an
amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to
recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid (淡紫色的). When our
Neolithic (新石器时代) ancestors, living in the Middle East about
10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested
and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first
great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken.
Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture:
cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their
living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than
getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that
grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years
of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to
fade away.
16. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their
properties must be extremely ancient.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. People cannot survive without plants.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to
their children at school.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of
industrialization.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical
knowledge from textbooks.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for
food about 10,000 years ago.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from
many varieties that grew wild.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子
下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第
3～6 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题：(2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每
个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。
Ford
1. Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process -- not
invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker,
known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into
machines. He started putting cars together in 1891, although it was
by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the
world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.
2. The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial
Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put
together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers
from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it
moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming
(嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt
could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
3. The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $ 5 -- a day
minimum wage scheme. The greatest contribution he had ever made. The
average wage in the auto industry then was $ 2.34 for a 9-hour shift.
Ford not only doubled that he also took an hour off the workday. In
those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for
doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or
education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan "an economic
crime". And critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4. But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical
component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的)
to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford
had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter--except
for making it possible for more People to buy cars.
23. Paragraph 1 ______
24. Paragraph 2 ______
25. Paragraph 3 ______
26. Paragraph 4 ______
A. Ford's Followers
B. The Assembly Line
C. Ford's Great Dream
D. The Establishment of the Company
E. Ford's Biggest Contribution
F. Ford's Great Talent
27. The assembly line made it possible to ______.
28. Ford was the first to adopt ______.
29. Higher wages enabled many people to ______.
30. Ford's higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly
A. criticized by the media
B. the low wage in the auto industry
C. own a car
D. produce cars in large numbers
E. the 8-hour-shift practice
F. combined technology and market
第 4 部分：阅读理解
下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最
佳选项。
第一篇 The Gene Industry
Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of
the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes (酶) in the automobile
to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor (微
处理器) that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New
York Times calls metal--hungry microbes that might be used to mine
valuable trace metals from ocean water. They have already demanded
and won the right to patent new life forms.
Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is
corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in
the entire biotechnological (生物科技的) field. They create images
not of oil spills, but of microbe spills that could spread disease
and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release
of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm.
Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about
possibilities that stagger (使震惊) the imagination.
Should we breed people with cowlike stomachs so they can digest grass
and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat
lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to
fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster
reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous
work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate inferior people and breed
a super-race? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry
that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce
soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic (遗传的)
forecasting to pre-eliminate (除去) unfit (不合适的) babies? Should
we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were,
a "savings bank" full of spare kidney, livers, or hands?
Wild as thses notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and
opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking
commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy
Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God?
"Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to
America much the same way sa assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines,
computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance
boomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploitde
and a market for the new technology will be created. "
31. According to the passage, the new biology could potentially solve
the pollution problem of automobiles by
A. using metal-hungry microbes.
B. making use of enzymes.
C. adjusting the engines.
D. patenting new lifeforms.
32. According to the passage, which of the following would most
probably worry the critics of the following would most probably worry
the critics of the new biology?
A. The microbes in the ocean warter.
B. The creation and application of biological solar cells.
C. The accidental oil spills.
D. The unexpected release of destructive micrbes.
33. Which of the following possibilities of the biotechnological
applications is NOT mentioned in the third paragraph?
A. Developing a savings bank of one's orangs.
B. Breeding soldiers for a war.
C. Producing people with cow-like stomachs.
D. Using genetic forecasting to curt diseases.
34. According to the passage, Hitler had attempted to
A. biologically change the pilots to win the war.
B. develop genetic farming for increasing the food supply.
C. kill the people he thought of as being inferior.
D. encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.
35. What is the implication of the sratement of Jeremy Rifkin and Ted
Howard?
A. The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.
B. Large-scale genetic engineering has occurred in the Untied States.
C. Americans are proud of their computers, automobiles and genetic
technologies.
D. The potential application of each new genetic advance should be
controlled.
第二篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently
Male pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in the United
States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision
making. While female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling
(错误地处理) the aircraft (航行器). These are the results of a study
by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of
Public Health.
The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots
in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error
involved. "Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85
percent of all aviation deaths" in the United States. The crash rate
for male pilots as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes
of female pilots, "explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health
policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health.
"Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to
aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the
gender differences in the reasons for the crash.
The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research
project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from
general aviation (航行) crashes of airplanes and helicopters between
1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged
40--63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio,
by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of
crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and
the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge
of pilot gender.
The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was
the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent of
female pilots' crashes and 36 percent of males'. Experiencing
mechanical failure, running out of fuel (燃料),and landing the plane
with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with
males, while stalling was more likely with females.
The majority of the crashes -- 95 percent for females and 88 percent
for males -- involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling
aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was
more common among females (accounting for 81 percent of the crashes)
than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more
likely to be guilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking, and
inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and
visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect (过失). Females,
though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were
generally more careful than their male counterparts.
36. What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?
A. Causes of aircraft crash.
B. Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.
C. Causes of mishandling aircraft.
D. Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United States.
37. Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second
paragraph?
A. Crashes of general aviation aircraft are a major source of
aviation accidents in the United States.
B. Male pilots, like male vehicle drivers, are more likely to have
accidents than female pilots.
C. It is commonly known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by
young and inexperienced pilots.
D. Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences
in the reasons for aircraft crash.
38. How did the researchers carry out their study?
A. They studied the findings of several previous research projects.
B. They conduced a questionnaire with 411 pilots.
C. They collected data from the database at the Johns Hopkins
University
D. They analyzed the circumstances of the crashes involved.
39. What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots?
A. Mechanical failure and running out of fuel.
B. Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling.
C. Loss of control on landing or takeoff and running out of fuel.
D. Stalling and landing with the gear up.
40. In the comparison of female and male pilots,
A. female pilots are found to be more courageous and risk--taking.
B. male pilots are found to be more professional and attentive.
C. female pilots are found to make more errors out of carelessness.
D. male pilots are found to make more errors in decision--making.
第三篇 Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,
structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month
ago would have been completely unthinkable.. Can building be designed
to withstand catastrophic (灾难的) blasts inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural
engineers from the University at Buffalo (布法罗) and the
Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER)
headquartered(总部) at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a
project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site
as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit. They spent two days
beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such
structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that
were damaged, but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the
buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that
are still standing, but that sustained damage," said Mr. Bruneau, Ph.
D. "Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding
as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal
is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married
to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings
in the event of terrorist attacks. " he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling
detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center
towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from
the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. "This building is
many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column
there that used to be part of mat building. " explained A. Whittaker,
Ph. D. "The column became a missile that shot across the road,
through the window and through the floor.
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the
engineers. For example, the floor framing system in one of the
adjacent buildings was quite rugged (高低不平的) ,allowing floors
that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. "Highly
redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple, but robust
strategy for blast resistance, "he added. Other strategies may
include providing alternate (交替) paths for gravity loads in the
event that a load-bearing column fails. "We also need a better
understanding of the mechanism of collapse. " said A. Whittaker. "We
need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can
predict it. "
A. Reinhorn, Ph.D. noted that "earthquake shaking has led to the
collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces, dynamic response
and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components
(成分). Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be
directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant
design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions
and to develop new ones where none exist at present. "
41. The question raised in the first paragraph is one
A. that was asked by structural engineers a month ago.
B. that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now.
C. that was never thought of before the terrorist attack.
D. that terrorists are eager to find a solution to.
42. The project funded by the National Science Foundation
A. was first proposed by some engineers at UB.
B. took about two days to complete.
C. was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack.
D. was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts.
43. The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker
A. was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.
B. was part of the World Trade Center.
C. was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade
Center.
D. damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center.
44. A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their
visit to ground zero is that
A. floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamaged.
B. some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion.
C. simple floor framing systems are more blast resistant.
D. floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of
debris.
45. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the
following EXCEPT that
A. blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant
design.
B. blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terrorresistant design.
C. solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to
terrorist-resistant design.
D. blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.
第 5 部分：补全短文
下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后有 6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文
内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Why Do People Shrink?
Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids? It's about a
wacky(乖僻的) dad (who's also a scientist) who accidentally(偶然的)
shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing(使小型化) invention.
Oops ! The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are
barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.
(46) It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so
off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less), and this
kind of shrinking can't be magically reversed, although there are
things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. But why does
shrinking happen at all?
(47) . As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat
from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the
force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in
the spine, called vertebrae(椎骨), may break down or degenerate, and
start to collapse into one another. (48) . But perhaps the most
common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis(骨质疏松症) occurs when too much spongy(海绵) bone
tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not
enough new bone material is made. (49) . Bones become smaller and
weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured.
Older people -- especially women, who generally have smaller and
lighter bones to begin with -- are more likely to develop
osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a
little bit.
Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act? You aren't as
tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. (50) . Don't
worry, though. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers,
and the next morning, you're standing tall again.
A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a
little height and become shorter.
B. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine
gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit
shorter.
C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced.
D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.
E. For older people, shrinking isn't that dramatic or sudden at all.
F. There are a few reasons.
第 6 部分：完形填空
下面的短文有 15 处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 1 个最佳选项。
Crashed Cars to Text Message for Help
There is no good place to have a car crash -- but some places are
worse than others. In a foreign country, for instance, (51) to
explain via cellphone that you are upside down in a ditch (沟渠) when
you cannot speak the local language can fatally (~) delay the arrival
of the emergency services.
But an answer may be at hand. Researchers funded by the European
Commission are beginning tests of a system called E-merge that (62)
senses when a ear has crashed and sends a text message, telling
emergency services in the local language that the accident has taken
place.
The system was (53) by ERTICO, a transport research organization
based in Brussels. Belgium. Cars are fitted with a eellphone-sized
device attached (54) the underside of the dashboard (仪表板) which is
activated by the same sensor that triggers the airbag in a crash. The
device (55) a cellphone circuit, a GPS positioning unit and a
microphone and loudspeaker.
It registers the severity of the crash by (56) the deceleration data
from the airbag's sensor. Using GPS information, it works out which
country the Car is in, and from this it determines (57) which
language to compose an alert message detailing precise location of
the accident.
The device then automatically makes a call to the local emergency
services (58) . If the car's occupants are conscious, they can
communicate with the operator (59) the speaker and microphone.
E-merge also transmits the vehicles make, model, color and license
number, and its heading' when it crashed, which in rum indicates on
which side of a multi-lane highway it ended up.
This (60) the emergency services find the vehicle as soon as they
arrive on the scene. "We can waste a large (61) time searching for an
incident, "says Jim Hammond, a(an) (62) in vehicle technology at the
Association of Chief Police Officers in the UK. Tests will begin soon
with police car fleets in the UK. Trials have already started in
Germany, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy.
In-car systems that summon (召集) the emergency services after a
crash have (63) been fitted in some premium cars". ERTICO says that
(64) EU states "are willing to fund the necessary infrastructure (基
础结构),E--merge could be working by 2008.
A study by French car maker Renault" concluded that the system could
save up to 6000 of the 40,000 lives lost each year on Europe's roads,
and prevent a similar number of serious injuries.
The Renault study estimates that fitting E-merge to every car in
Europe would eventually save around 150 billion per (65) in terms of
reduced costs to health services and insurance companies, and fewer
lost working days.
51. A. try B. tried C. trying D. having tried
52. A. automatically B. accidentally C. tremendously D. usually
53. A. changed B. located C. developed D. copied
54. A. by B. up C. about D. to
55. A. forms B. is consisted of C. composed of D. includes
56. A. read B. reading C. reads D. being read
57. A. on B. in C. of D. at
58. A. car maker B. policeman C. doctor D. operator
59 A. via B. near C. by D. besides
60. A. assists B. causes C. makes D. helps
61. A. number of B. deal of C. amount of D. volume of
62. A. writer B. reporter C. expert D. leader
63. A. already B. long ago C. long before D. shortly
64. A. although B. nevertheless C. however D. if
65. A. city B. year C. person D. country
职称英语等级考试全真模拟试卷二参考答案
(理工类 A 级)
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. C
11. B
12. D
13. C
14. C
15. B
16. A
17. A
18. B
19. B
20. B
21. A
22. B
23. F
24. B
25. E
26. C
27. D
28. E
29. C
30. A
31. B
32. D
33. D
34. C
35. A
36. B
37. D
38. A
39. B
40. D
41. C
42. D
43. B
44. B
45. D
46. E
47. F
48. A
49. C
50. B
51. C
52. A
53. C
54. D
55. D
56. B
57. B
58. D
59. A
60. D
61. C
62. C
63. A
64. D
65. B