Session 5.3
Slide 1
Public Right-of-Way –
Difficult Ain’t Infeasible
Slide 2
Mid-Atlantic ADA Center
Leadership Network
Joe Ellis
DelDOT ADA Construction Compliance Manager
Linda Osiecki, M.E., P.E.
DelDOT ADA Compliance Design Review
Slide 3
Who are you?
•
Construction
– Contractor
– Construction Inspector
•
Design
– Engineer
– Designer
•
Federal Government
•
State, County or Local Government
•
ADA Advocates & People with Disabilities
[image of 2 men on a skyscraper]
Slide 4
Why do people with disabilities use pedestrian facilities in the public right-ofway?
•
Work
•
School
•
Shopping/Eating out
•
Medical Appt.
•
Transit (bus, train, etc.)
•
Recreation
•
The same reasons everyone else does
[image of people on a sidewalk in a city, one man has a service animal]
Slide 5
ADA Compliance is important
Curb Ramps
[image of a curb ramp]
Slide 6
Sidewalks
[image of a sidewalk]
Slide 7
Driveways
[image of a driveway]
Slide 8
Bus Stops
[image of a bus stop]
Slide 9
Safety
[diagram of pedestrian routes to a store]
Slide 10
Other considerations
Other Users
[image of a very steep driveway to a home]
Slide 11
Other Condsiderations
Drainage
[image of a poor drainage on a street and walkway]
Slide 12
Acronyms
•
ADA = Americans with Disabilities Act
•
ADAAG = Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines
– 1991, 2002, 2004/2010
•
PAR = Pedestrian Access Route
•
MUTCD = Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices
Slide 13
Acronyms
•
ROW = Right-of-Way
•
PROW = Public Right-of-Way
•
PROWAG = Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines
– 2005, 2011
– FHWA 2006 memo:
•
•
•
“recommended best practices”
“the state of the practice”
“consistent with the ADA’s requirement that all new facilities (and
altered facilities to the maximum extent feasible) be designed and
constructed to be accessible to and useable by people with disabilities”
Slide 14
[images of cars on a highway, a street and a racetrack]
Slide 15
[images of apples and oranges, a ramp on a house, a person in a store and a city
street]
Slide 16
Directions
Throughout this presentation, assume for aerial views and maps that north is up.
[image of a compass]
Slide 17
2+5
Basic Elements for PROW Pedestrian Facilities
Slide 18
2  Layout
1. Landings
2. Crossings
Slide 19
Landings
•
2% x 2% max. in both directions
•
5’ x 5’
[images of sidewalks]
Slide 20
Landings
intersection of one or more pedestrian paths where people may turn
Slide 21
Landings
where people need to stop and wait before crossing
Slide 22
Landings
At bottom of stairs
[old photograph of Laurel and Hardy who have fallen down some stairs]
Slide 23
Landings
Adjacent to pedestrian pushbutton
[photo of a landing next to a pedestrian pushbutton]
Slide 24
[photo of a landing next to a pedestrian pushbutton, showing height range]
Slide 25
[photo of a landing next to a pedestrian pushbutton, showing distance from curb range]
Slide 26
Sometimes, bigger is not better!!
[photo of a man in a wheelchair in crosswalk near pedestrian landing]
Slide 27
Landing Not Defined By Joints
•
Without clearly defined joints, concrete finishing can result in surfaces that are:
– Non-planar
– Exceed 2% because blended with adjacent ramp
Slide 28
Clearly defined joints
[photo of police officers in a crosswalk]
Slide 29
Crossings
Crossing the road is a potential area of conflict between vehicles and pedestrians
[photo of landing joints]
Slide 30
Crossings
Avoid skewed crossings
[aerial view of a intersection showing crosswalks and a diagram of an intersection and
crosswalks]
Slide 31
Skewed Crossings
•
Increased length of crossing
•
Resulting increased time needed for pedestrian phase
•
Makes orientation difficult to impossible for people with vision impairments
[diagram of a crosswalk]
Slide 32
Crossings
Be mindful of pedestrian destinations
[aerial view of a street, showing traffic lights, ice cream store, park and crosswalk]
Slide 33
Crossings: Be mindful of pedestrian destinations
[aerial view of street and interstate highway]
Slide 34
Crossings
Be mindful of pedestrian destinations
Seaside Park, N.J.
[aerial view of Seaside Park, NJ]
Slide 35
Ocean
[photos of beach and pedestrian access ramp to beach]
Slide 36
Bay
[photos of bay with boats and dock]
Slide 37
Crossings
[aerial view of intersection and crosswalk]
Slide 38
Crossings
[photo of crosswalk]
Slide 39
Crossings
Do not unnecessarily increase the number of times a person has to cross the street
[aerial photo of street, showing crossings]
Slide 40
Basic Layout
Landing(s) + Crossing(s)
Slide 41
[diagram of crosswalk]
Slide 42
Pedestrian Access Route
1. Width
2. Cross Slope
3. Running Slope
4. Vertical Differences
5. Horizontal Openings
Slide 43
Resource
•
Old Access Board Accessible Rights of Way Guide
[image of old Access Board Rights of Way Guide]
Slide 44
[drawing depicting effect of excessive cross slope]
Slide 45
[old photo of person with a cane near pole]
Slide 46
[image of text]
Slide 47
Think about barriers in the PAR.
[photo of unsafe sidewalk that needs extensive repair]
Slide 48
Width
[photo of sidewalk that goes around a fire hydrant]
Slide 49
[photo of walking aids: wheelchairs, canes, walkers]
Slide 50
Width
[photo of sidewalk with a bush hanging over it]
Slide 51
Resource
•
Anthropometry of Wheeled Mobility Project
– 2010 for the Access Board
[image of publication]
Slide 52
Unoccupied Mobility Devices
•
Up to 38.1”
[image of chart]
Slide 53
Clear Floor Width
(Occupied Mobility Devices)
•
Up to 39.7”
[image of chart]
Slide 54
Comparison of Widths
ADAAG Pinch Point 32”
ADAAG Min. Width 36”
PROWAG Min. Width 48”
PROWAG Preferred Width 60”
Slide 55
Cross Slope
[photo of sidewalk with device to measure cross slope]
Slide 56
[drawing of man in wheelchair navigating over an uneven surface]
Slide 57
[photo showing cross slope]
Slide 58
[photo showing running slope]
Slide 59
Vertical Differences
[photo showing uneven sidewalk]
Slide 60
Horizontal Openings
[photos showing openings in sidewalks]
Slide 61
[photo showing opening near a sidewalk]
Slide 62
Basic Construction Project Process
•
Site visits during scoping & design
•
Questions during scoping & design
•
Plan Reviews
•
Questions before and during construction
•
ADA Inspection after completion
[photo of workers repairing curb]
Slide 63
Inspection by Construction Personnel
•
Proactive v. Passive/Reactive
– Review layout with contractor
– Check Forms
–
Ask questions before pouring/installation
Slide 64
Be sure before you pour.
[photo showing incorrect curb construction]
Slide 65
ADA Inspection
•
Curb ramps
•
Sidewalks
•
Driveways
•
Bus Stops
•
Pedestrian Signals
•
Crossings
Slide 66
Barriers to Compliance
•
Lack of enforcement
•
Lack of awareness and education of the disabled community
•
Lack of public involvement
– Requests
– Complaints
– Contacting legislators and other public officials
Slide 67
Barriers to Compliance
•
Lack of design and coordination before construction
•
Decision-making without knowledge and training by administrators, designers and
construction personnel
•
Institutional Inertia – “The way we’ve always done it”
•
Maintenance (or lack thereof)
Slide 68
Growing Awareness
[images of ADA Center logos and ADA Anniversary logos]
Slide 69
Questions?
[image of man in wheelchair in a crosswalk]
Slide 70
2004 ADAAG
202.3 Alterations. Where existing elements or spaces are altered, each altered element
or space shall comply with the applicable requirements of Chapter 2.
EXCEPTIONS: ….
2. In alterations, where compliance with applicable requirements is technically
infeasible, the alteration shall comply with the requirements to the maximum
extent feasible.
Slide 71
DOJ 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
(c) To the maximum extent feasible. The phrase "to the maximum extent feasible," as
used in this section, applies to the occasional case where the nature of an existing
facility makes it virtually impossible to comply fully with applicable accessibility
standards through a planned alteration. In these circumstances, the alteration shall
provide the maximum physical accessibility feasible. Any altered features of the facility
that can be made accessible shall be made accessible. If providing accessibility in
conformance with this section to individuals with certain disabilities (e.g., those who use
wheelchairs) would not be feasible, the facility shall be made accessible to persons with
other types of disabilities (e.g., those who use crutches, those who have impaired vision
or hearing, or those who have other impairments).
Slide 72
DOJ 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
…[if] the nature of an existing facility makes it virtually impossible to comply fully with
applicable accessibility standards through a planned alteration.
…provide the maximum physical accessibility feasible.
Slide 73
DOJ 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
Any altered features of the facility that can be made accessible shall be made
accessible.
Slide 74
DOJ 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
If providing accessibility in conformance with this section to individuals with certain
disabilities (e.g., those who use wheelchairs) would not be feasible, the facility shall be
made accessible to persons with other types of disabilities (e.g., those who use
crutches, those who have impaired vision or hearing, or those who have other
impairments).
Slide 75
DOJ 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
[The proposed work is] Technically Infeasible
…[if] existing physical … constraints prohibit modification … [to] full and strict
compliance
Slide 76
PROWAG R202.3 Alterations.
Where existing elements, spaces, or facilities are altered, each altered element,
space, or facility within the scope of the project shall comply with the applicable
requirements for new construction.
Slide 77
PROWAG R202.3.1
Existing Physical Constraints.
Where existing physical constraints make it impracticable … to fully comply with
the requirements for new construction, compliance is required to the extent
practicable …
Slide 78
Technically Infeasible
For alterations
Comply with the requirements for new construction…
to the maximum extent feasible.
Slide 79
PROW Barriers
Slide 80
General Curb Ramp Layout
[diagram of general curb ramp layout]
Slide 81
Public Right-of-Way –
Difficult Ain’t Infeasible
Slide 82
Structures
Slide 83
[aerial view of several blocks of a city]
Slide 84
[photo of a street showing sidewalk, crosswalk, utility poles, curb ramps]
Slide 85
[photo of curb ramp]
Slide 86
[aerial view of an intersection]
Slide 87
[photo of curb ramp]
Slide 88
[photo of curb ramp]
Slide 89
Stairs
Slide 90
[photo of curb ramp and stairs to a building]
Slide 91
[photo of curb ramp and stairs to a building]
Slide 92
[photo of sidewalk and stairs to a building showing measuring device]
Slide 93
[photo of curb ramp and stairs to a building, showing measurements]
Slide 94
[photo of sidewalk and stairs to a parking area]
Slide 95
Cross Slope
[photo of sidewalk and stairs to the street]
Slide 96
Equipment & Utilities
Slide 97
[aerial view of several blocks of a town]
Slide 98
[photo of a curb with no sidewalk]
Slide 99
[photo of sidewalk that goes around a utility pole]
Slide 100
[photo of sidewalk that goes around a utility pole]
Slide 101
[aerial view of several blocks of a town]
Slide 102
[photo of a curb ramp]
Slide 103
Drainage & Steep Grades
Slide 104
[photo of a curb ramp]
Slide 105
[photo of a sidewalk under construction]
Slide 106
[photo of a sidewalk under construction]
Slide 107
[photo of a sidewalk with no curb ramp to the street]
Slide 108
[photo of a sidewalk under construction]
Slide 109
[photo of a dirt path]
Slide 110
Driveway
Slide 111
[photo of a driveway]
Slide 112
[drawing of a man in a wheelchair navigating over a driveway]
Slide 113
[photo of a driveway, showing slope measurements]
Slide 114
[photo of a driveway]
Slide 115
•
Sidewalk Cross Slope: 6%>>2%
•
Apron: 28% >> 10%
OUCH!!!! OUCH!!!!
[photo of a driveway with incorrect slope]
Slide 116
[diagram of slope]
Slide 117
[diagram of slope]
Slide 118
[diagram of slope]
Slide 119
[diagram of slope]
Slide 120
[diagram of slope]
Slide 121
[diagram of slope]
Slide 122
[photo of a driveway]
Slide 123
[photo of a driveway]
Slide 124
Shared Use Path
Slide 125
[photo of shared use path and curb ramp]
Slide 126
[photo of shared use path and curb ramp, showing slope measurement]
Slide 127
Curb Ramps
Slide 128
[photo of a curb ramp]
Slide 129
[diagram of a curb ramp]
Slide 130
[photo of a curb ramp]
Slide 131
[photo of a curb ramp]
Slide 132
Difficult Ain’t Infeasible
[photo of a curb ramp]
Slide 133
Please share with us your own example locations and how you tackled the
challenges.
Slide 134
Joe Ellis
Office 302-760-2184
Cell 302-382-0424
Joseph.Ellis@state.de.us
Linda Osiecki
Office 302-760-2342
Cell 302-388-0757
Linda.Osiecki@state.de.us
Slide 135
Questions?
[photo of a bus shelter]