MARIA SOULI, MD, PhD 1. Personal Information Date of Birth: June 14, 1964 Tel: +30 210 9329519 Email: msouli@med.uoa.gr Specialty: Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Current Position: Assistant Professor, Athens University School of Medicine, 4th Dpt of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital “Attikon” 2. Degrees 1988 Bachelor of Medicine, Athens University School of Medicine 1996 PhD Degree, Athens University School of Medicine 1996 Title, Medical Specialty in Internal Medicine 2000 Title, Medical Specialty in Infectious Diseases 2005 to 2009: Lecturer in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Athens University School of Medicine 2009 to present: Assistant Professor in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Athens University School of Medicine 3. Clinical Experience December 1988 to December 1989: Medical Doctor providing compulsory Rural Service- Naxos, Greece January 1990 to June 1996: Assistant, Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic, First Dpt of Propedeutic Medicine, “Laikon” General Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine January 1990 to June 1996: Research Associate, Infectious Diseases Laboratory, First Dpt of Propedeutic Medicine, “Laikon” General Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine February 1991 to February 1996: Resident in Internal Medicine, First Dpt of Propedeutic Medicine, “Laikon” General Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine July 1996 to October 1998: Research Fellow in Infectious Diseases at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center West Campus, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA September 1998-July 2000: Infectious Diseases Associate, 4th Dpt of Internal Medicine, “Sismanoglion” General Hospital, Athens, Greece Main responsibilities: Participating in the program for the surveillance, prevention and control of health-care associated infections, Attending Physician in Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic, Infectious Diseases Consultant for hospitalised patients, Participating in various research programs in the field of Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance July 2000-February 2005: Attending Physician, 4th Dpt of Internal Medicine, “Sismanoglion” General Hospital, Athens, Greece Main responsibilities: Attending for patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine ward, Supervisor in charge at the Emergency Department and at the Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic, Infectious Diseases Consultant for hospitalised patients February 2005-August 2009: Lecturer in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases at 4th Dpt of Internal Medicine, initially at “Sismanoglion” General Hospital, Athens, Greece and later at University General Hospital “Attikon” Main responsibilities: as above. Teaching 4th -year and 6th -year medical students, residents and fellows August 2009-present: Assistant Professor in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases at 4th Dpt of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital “Attikon” Main responsibilities: as above. Organizing and supervising several research teams working in the field of antimicrobial resistance and for the surveillance, prevention and control of health-care associated infections, leading member of teams that produced national guidelines for rational use of antibiotics for out- and inpatients, Auditing for compliance with the antibiotic stewardship program in the hospital 4. Teaching Experience 1994 to present: Participated in training of 4th -year medical students in Athens University School of Medicine 1999 to present: Participated in training of 6th -year medical students, of Residents in Internal Medicine and of Fellows in Infectious Diseases in Athens University School of Medicine 2004- 2010: Coordinator of the Educational Program of Residents in Internal Medicine in the 4th Dpt of Internal Medicine, Athens University School of Medicine 2010-2011: Coordinator of the 6-month course on “Internal Medicine” for the 3rd -year students in the School of Dentistry, Athens University School of Medicine 2010 to present: Coordinator of the Educational Program of 6th -year medical students at 4th Dpt of Internal Medicine, Athens University School of Medicine Participated as an invited speaker in more than 80 workshops, seminars and post-graduate courses in the field of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Supervisor for 13 PhD Theses in the field of Infectious Diseases in Athens University School of Medicine Principal Investigator in several clinical trials 5. Research Activities Her research interests include: In vitro antimicrobial activity and interactions of antimicrobial agents against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms In vivo efficacy of antimicrobials in experimental models of infections (endocarditis and intraperitoneal abscess models) Molecular mechanisms of resistance of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms against various antimicrobials Outbreak investigations She is the Leading Scientist at the Molecular Biology Section of the Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, 4th Dpt of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital “Attikon” 6. Honors She has been awarded 11 honorary awards for her research activities 7. Member Hellenic Society for Chemotherapy Hellenic Society of Infectious Diseases National Antibiogram Committee ESCMID Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ESGARS) ESCMID Education Subcommittee 8. Publications Author or coauthor in more than 25 chapters in Medical Books Publications in peer-reviewed medical journals: 1. Giamarellou H, Souli M, Antoniadou A, Gogas J. Periareolar nonpuerperal breast infection: Treatment of 38 Cases. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18:73-6 2. Souli M, Giamarellou H. Effects of slime produced by clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococci on activities of various antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:939-41 3. Eliopoulos GM, Wennersten CB, Gold HS, Schulin T,Souli M, Farris MG, Cerwinka S, Nadler HL, Dowzicky M, Talbot GH, Moellering RC, Jr. Characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from the United States and their susceptibility in vitro to DalfopristinQuinupristin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:1088-92 4. Souli M, Wennersten CB, Eliopoulos GM. In vitro activity of BAY 128039, a new fluoroquinolone, against species representative of respiratory tract pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 1998; 10:23-30 5. Souli M, Thauvin-Eliopoulos C, Moellering RC, Jr., Eliopoulos GM. In vivo activity of Evernimicin (SCH 27899) against vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in experimental endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2000; 44:2733-9 6. Torres-Viera C, Thauvin-Eliopoulos C, Souli M, DeGirolami P, Farris MG, Wennersten CB, Sofia RD, Eliopoulos GM. Activities of Taurolidine in vitro and in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2000; 44:1720-4 7. Souli M, Kopsinis G, Kavouklis E, Gabriel L, Giamarellou H. Vancomycin levels in human aqueous humour after intravenous and subconjunctival administration. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2001; 18:239-43 8. Galani I, Souli M, Chryssouli Z, Katsala D, Giamarellou H. First identification of an Escherichia coli clinical isolate producing both metallobeta-lactamase VIM-2 and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase IBC-1. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:757-60 9. Galani I, Souli M, Chryssouli Z, Orlandou K, Giamarellou H. Characterization of a new integron containing blaVIM-1 and aac(6’)-IIc in an Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate from Greece. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55: 634–8 10. Souli M, Pontikis K, Chryssouli Z, Galani I, Orlandou K, Katsala D, Giamarellou H. Successful treatment of right-sided prosthetic valve endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant teicoplanin-heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus with linezolid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 24:760-2 11. Galani I, Souli M, Koratzanis E, Chryssouli Z, Giamarellou H. Molecular characterization of an Escherichia coli clinical isolate that produces both metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2 and extended-spectrum-betalactamase GES-7: identification of the In8 integron carrying the blaVIM-2 gene. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:432–3 12. Souli M, Kontopidou F, Koratzanis E, Antoniadou A, Giannistioti E, Evangelopoulou P, Kannavaki S, Giamarellou H. In vitro activity of tigecycline against multiple-drug-resistant, including pan-resistant, gram- negative and gram-positive clinical isolates from Greek hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother2006; 50:3166-9 13. Volonakis K, Souli M, Kapaskelis A, Baziaka F, Grammelis V, Ziakas PD, Giamarellou H. Evolution of resistance patterns and identification of risk factors for Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation in daycare centre attendees in Athens, Greece. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 28:297-301 14. Souli M, Volonakis K, Kapaskelis A, Galani I, Grammelis V, Vorou FR, Tsivra M, Chryssouli Z, Katsala D and Giamarellou H. Characterisation of macrolide-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae colonising children attending day-care centres in Athens, Greece during 2000 and 2003. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:70-7. 15. Cornaglia G, Akova M, Amicosante G, Canton R, Cauda R, Docquier JD, Edelstein M, Frere JM, Fuzi M, Galleni M, Giamarellou H, Gniadkowski M, Koncan R, Libisch B, Luzzaro B, Miriagou V, Navarro F, Nordmann P, Pagani L, Peixe L, Poirel L, Souli M, Tacconelli E, Vatopoulos A, Rossolini GM: ESCMID Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ESGARS). Metallo-beta-lactamases as emerging resistance determinants in Gram-negative pathogens: open issues. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:380-8 16. Galani I, Souli M, Chryssouli Z, Giamarellou H. Detection of CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-33, a novel variant of CTX-M-15, in clinical Escherichia coli isolates in Greece. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29: 598-600 17. Galani I, Souli M, Koratzanis E, Koratzanis G, Chryssouli Z and Giamarellou H. Emerging bacterial pathogens: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates harbouring the same transferable plasmid coding for metallo-β-lactamase VIM-1 in Greece. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:578-9 18. Antoniadou A, Kontopidou F, Poulakou G, Koratzanis E, Galani I, Papadomichelakis E, Kopterides P, Souli M, Armaganidis A, Giamarellou H. Colistin-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae emerging in intensive care unit patients: first report of a multiclonal cluster. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:786-90 19. Sakka V, Tsiodras S, Galani L, Antoniadou A, Souli M, Galani I, Pantelaki M, Siafakas N, Zerva L, Giamarellou H. Risk-factors and predictors of mortality in patients colonised with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:14-21 20. Galani I, Rekatsina PD, Hatzaki D, Plachouras D, Souli M and Giamarellou H. Evaluation of different laboratory tests for the detection of metallo-β-lactamase production in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008, 61: 548-53 21. Souli M, Kontopidou F, Papadomichelakis E, Galani I, Armaganidis A, Giamarellou H. Clinical experience of serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing VIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase in a Greek University Hospital. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46: 847-54. 22. Galani I, Kontopidou F, Souli M, Rekatsina PD, Koratzanis E, Deliolanis J, Giamarellou H. Colistin susceptibility testing by E-test and disk diffusion methods. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 31:434-9 23. Souli M, Sakka V, Galani I, Antoniadou A, Galani L, Siafakas N, Zerva L, Fytrou H, Tsiodras S, Giamarellou H. Colonization with vancomycin and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a University Hospital: molecular epidemiology and risk factor analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:137-42 24. Souli M, Rekatsina PD, Chryssouli Z, Galani I, Giamarellou H, Kanellakopoulou K. Does the activity of the combination of imipenem and colistin in vitro exceed the problem of resistance against metallo-βlactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2133-5 25. Souli M, Galani I, Giamarellou H. Emergence of extensively drugresistant and pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Europe. Eurosurveillance; 2008 Nov 20;13(47). pii: 19045 26. Souli M, Galani I, Antoniadou A, Papadomichelakis E, Poulakou G, Panagea T, Vourli S, Zerva L, Armaganidis A, Kanellakopoulou K, Giamarellou H.An outbreak of infection due to beta-lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase -2-producing K.pneumoniae in a Greek University Hospital: molecular characterization, epidemiology and outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:364-73 27. Carmeli Y, Akova M, Cornaglia G, Daikos GL, Garau J, Harbarth S, Rossolini GM, Souli M, Giamarellou H. Controlling the spread of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negatives: therapeutic approach and infection control. Clin Micriobiol Infect 2010; 16:102-11 28. Fakas M, Souli M, Koratzanis G, Karageorgiou C, Giamarellou H, Kanellakopoulou K. Effects of antimicrobial prophylaxis on asymptomatic bacteriuria and predictors of failure in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Chemother 2010;22: 36-43. 29. Souli M, Giannitsioti E, Chryssouli Z, Galani I, Panagea T, Kanellakopoulou K, Giamarellou H. Contemporary trends in susceptibilities to older and new antimicrobial agents of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a Greek University Hospital. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 36:187-9. 30. Gogos C, Kotsaki A, Pelekanou A, Giannikopoulos G, Vaki I, Maravitsa P, Adamis S, Alexiou Z, Andrianopoulos G, Antonopoulou A, Athanassia S, Baziaka F, Charalambous A, Christodoulou S, Dimopoulou I, Floros I, Giannitsioti E, Gkanas P, Ioakeimidou A, Kanellakopoulou K, Karabela N, Karagianni V, Katsarolis I, Kontopithari G, Kopterides P, Koutelidakis I, Koutoukas P, Kranidioti H, Lignos M, Louis K, Lymberopoulou K, Mainas E, Marioli A, Massouras C, Mavrou I, Mpalla M, Michalia M, Mylona H, Mytas V, Papanikolaou I, Papanikolaou K, Patrani M, Perdios I, Plachouras D, Pistiki A, Protopapas K, Rigaki K, Sakka V, Sartzi M, Skouras V, Souli M, Spyridaki A, Strouvalis I, Tsaganos T, Zografos G, Mandragos K, KlouvaMolyvdas P, Maggina N, Giamarellou H, Armaganidis A, GiamarellosBourboulis EJ. Early alterations of the innate and adaptive immune statuses in sepsis according to the type of underlying infection. Crit Care 2010 May 26;14(3):R96. 31. Galani I, Souli M, Mitchell N, Chryssouli Z, Giamarellou H. Presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates possessing blaVIM-1 in Greece. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 36:252-4 32. Masgala A, Galani I, Souli M, Giamarellou H. Discrepancies between various methods in susceptibility testing and epidemiological analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. Cent Eur J Public Health 2010; 18:119-23 33. Souli M. Present and emerging therapies for the treatment of drugresistant infections: Focus on Linezolid. Clinl Med Reviews Ther 2010; 2:120 34. Panagea T, Galani I, Souli M, Adamou P, Antoniadou A, Giamarellou H. Evaluation of CHROMagar KPC for the detection of carbapenemaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae in rectal surveillance cultures. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011;37:124-8 35. Souli M, Konstantinidou E, Tzepi I, Tsaganos T, Pefanis A, Chryssouli Z, Galani I, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Giamarellou H. Efficacy of carbapenems against a metallo-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolate in a rabbit intra-abdominal abscess model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:611-7 36. Souli M, Galani I, Boukovalas S, Gourgoulis MG, Chryssouli Z, Kanellakopoulou K, Panagea T, Giamarellou H. In vitro interactions of antimicrobial combinations with fosfomycin against KPC-2 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and protection of resistance development. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55:2395-7. 37. Kontopidou F, Galani I, Panagea T, Antoniadou A, Souli M, Paramythiotou E, Koukos G, Karadani I, Armaganidis A, Giamarellou H. Comparison of direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for rapid analysis of bronchial secretion samples in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011;38:130-4. 38. Panagea T, Galani I, Souli M, Karantani I, Giamarellou H, Petrikkos G. Glycopeptide and daptomycin susceptibility and vancomycin heteroresistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from a Greek University Hospital. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011; 38:451-2. 39. Koratzanis E, Souli M, Galani I, Chryssouli Z, Armaganidis A, Giamarellou H. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of metallo-βlactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital Intensive Care Unit in Greece. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011; 38:390-7. 40. Galani I, Souli M, Panagea T, Poulakou G, Kanellakopoulou K, Giamarellou H. Prevalence of 16SrRNA methylase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a Greek university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012; 18:E52-4 41. Lampri N, Galani I, Poulakou G, Katsarolis I, Petrikkos G, Giamarellou H, Souli M. Mecillinam/clavulanate combination: a possible option for the treatment of community-acquired uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67:2424-8 42. Hatzaki D, Poulakou G, Katsarolis I, Lambri N, Souli M, Deliolanis I, Nikolopoulos GK, Lebessi E, Giamarellou H. Cefditoren: Comparative efficacy with other antimicrobials and risk factors for resistance in clinical isolates causing UTIs in outpatients. BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Sep 25;12(1):228 43. Galani I, Souli M, Daikos GL, Chrysouli Z, Poulakou G, Psichogiou M, Panagea T, Argyropoulou A, Stefanou I, Plakias G, Giamarellou H, Petrikkos G. Activity of Plazomicin (ACHN-490) against MDR clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp. from Athens, Greece. J Chemother. 2012; 24:191-4 44. Daikos GL, Markogiannakis A, Souli M, Tzouvelekis LS. Bloodstream infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: a clinical perspective. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 10:1393-404 45. Souli M, Galani I, Plachouras D, Panagea T, Armaganidis A, Petrikkos G, Giamarellou H. Antimicrobial activity of copper surfaces against carbapenemase-producing contemporary Gram-negative clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:852-7 46. Antoniadou A, Kanellakopoulou K, Kanellopoulou M, Polemis M, Koratzanis G, Papademetriou E, Poulakou G, Giannitsioti E, Souli M, Vatopoulos A, Giamarellou H. Impact of a hospital-wide antibiotic restriction policy program on the resistance rates of nosocomial Gram-negative bacteria. Scand J Infect Dis 2013; 45:438-45 47. Plachouras D, Antoniadou A, Giannitsioti E, Galani E, Katsarolis I, Kavatha D, Koukos G, Panagopoulos P, Papadopoulos A, Poulakou G, Sakka V, Souli M, Sympardi S, Tsiodras S, Kanellakopoulou K, Giamarellou H. Promoting prudent use of antibiotics: the experience from a multifaceted regional campaign in Greece. BMC Public Health 2014 [accepted] Galani I, Panagea T, Chryssouli Z, Giamarellou H, Souli M. In vivo transmission of a plasmid containing the KPC-2 gene in a single patient. J Global Antimicrob Res 2013; [Epub ahead of print] 48. Lamprini G, Galani I, Souli M, Karaiskos I, Katsouda E, Patrozou H, Baziaka F, Paskalis C, Giamarellou H. Nosocomial dissemination of Providencia stuartii isolates producing extended-spectrum b-lactamases VEB-1 and SHV-5, metallo-b-lactamase VIM-1, and RNA methylase RmtB. J Global Antimicrob Res 2013; 1:115-116 49. Galani I, Orlandou K, Moraitou H, Petrikkos G, Souli M. Colistin/ daptomycin: an unconventional antimicrobial combination synergistic in vitro against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014 Feb 4. pii: S0924-8579(14)00019-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.12.010. [Epub ahead of print] 9. Submissions of Gene Sequences at GenBank Database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov) 1. I.Galani, M.Souli, H.Giamarellou. CTX-M-33, Plasmid-mediated extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-15 like) from Greece. Escherichia coli plasmid pGR2439 CTX-M-33 beta-lactamase (bla) gene, complete cds. GenBank Accession Number AY 238472, February 2003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov 2. I.Galani, M.Souli, Z.Chrysouli, D. Katsala, H.Giamarellou. First identification of an Escherichia coli clinical isolate producing both metallobeta-lactamase VIM-2 and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase IBC-1 Escherichia coli class 1 integron integrase (intI1) gene, partial cds, and metallo-beta-lactamase (blaVIM-2) gene, complete cds. GenBank Accession Number AY781413, October 2004. http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov 3. I.Galani, M.Souli, Z.Chryssouli, K.Orlandou. H.Giamarellou. Characterization of a new integron containing blaVIM-1 and aac(6')-IIc in an Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate from Greece. Enterobacter cloacae transposon class 1 integron Int87 integrase (intI1) gene, partial cds, and metallo-beta-lactamase (blaVIM-1) and aminoglycoside 6'-Nacetyltransferase (aac(6')-IIc) genes, complete cds. GenBank Accession Number AY648125, June 2005. http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov 4. Galani I., Souli M., Koratzanis E., Koratzanis G., Chryssouli Z. Giamarellou H. Emerging bacterial pathogens: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates harbouring the same transferable plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1in Greece. Proteus mirabilis class I integron In73, partial sequence. GenBank Accession Number EF093146, October 2006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov 5. Galani I., Souli M., Koratzanis E., Koratzanis G., Chryssouli Z. Giamarellou H. Emerging bacterial pathogens: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates harbouring the same transferable plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1in Greece. Escherichia coli class I integron IntI1 (intI1) gene, partial cds, and metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1 (blaVIM-1), DhfrI (dhfrI), and ANT(3')-Ia (aadA1) genes, complete cds. GenBank Accession Number EF078697, October 2006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov 6. Galani I., Souli M., Koratzanis E., Koratzanis G., Chryssouli Z. Giamarellou H. Emerging bacterial pathogens: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates harbouring the same transferable plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1in Greece. Enterobacter aerogenes class I integron In1159, partial sequence. GenBank Accession Number EF093145, October 2006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov 7. I.Galani, M.Souli, H.Giamarellou. Proteus mirabilis insertion sequence ISEcp1 transposase (tnpA) gene, complete cds; and class C betalactamase (blaCMY-14) gene, complete cds. GenBank Accession Number EU600193, March 2008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov