Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Comes from
molten rock
Found on the
earth’s surface and
sometimes far
below it
Reaches earth’s
surface two waysExtrusive igneous
rocks- formed
when molten rock
is carried to the
surface by
volcanic activity.
When the lava
cools new rock is
formed.
Intrusive igneous
rocks- originate
deep within the
earth as molten
rock called
magma. It reaches
the surface
through erosion
which gradually
wears away rock
layers above it.
Not only classified
Created from
sediment or
deposits that build
up in oceans or
lakes.
3 types of
sedimentary rock:
Clastic: comprise
broken pieces of
other rocks.
Chemical: formed
from chemicals
dissolved in
shallow seas or
lakes
Biogenic: which
are formed from
the remains of
living creatures.
Sediment builds
up when layers of
material are
deposited by
natural processes.
1st- rock is
weathered, next it
is transported to
another place by
wind, glaciers or
Meta means
change
Morph means
shape.
Change in
metamorphic rock
depends upon heat
and pressure
present in the
lithosphere.
There are more
types of
metamorphic
rocks than the
other two.
Metamorphosized
form of sandstone
is quartzite.
85% percent of the
upper crust is
made up of
metamorphic rock.
Most of it is
buried under
sedimentary rock.
Metamorphic rock
is formed when
great pressure and
temperatures over
by the mineral
they contain but
also by their
texture.
Cooled slowlytexture is coarse
Cooled quicklysmoother
Forms when lava
comes in contact
with cold water
preventing the
formation of
crystals.
Some igneous
rocks have the
same texture of
glass- Obsidian
for example looks
like black glass.
Mineral
composition and
texture are two
ways to classify
igneous rock
water and finally it
is deposited. In
time, thick
deposits of
sedimentary rock
are formed.
Or sediment to be
turned into rock it
must be
compacted and
cemented
together.
Sedimentary rocks
are classified
through their
origin and texture.
Types- clasticConglomerate that
are cemented
together and
deposited in
rapidly moving
water.
Chemical- salt and
gypsum
Biogeniclimestone and
dolomite.
300 degrees
Celsius are
present.
2 types of
metamorphic
rocks can be
formed:
Contact
metamorphicrocks that change
as a result of the
heat given off
during the forming
of intrusive
igneous rocks.
Dynamic
metamorphicformed when
rocks are
compressed by the
mass of rock
layers above them
or by tectonic
forces.
Set apart from
igneous rocks by a
banded structure
foliation. When
pressure is intense,
All 3 types can be minerals may
found sometimes align themselves
mixed together.
in layers within
the rock. For
example, gneiss.