Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison Workshop
Outlier Detection and Flagging for Class B Sites
R.J. Olson, J.M.O. Scurlock, K.J. Johnson, and EMDI Workshop Participants
January 27, 2000
Summary
 Assigned consistent biome class to Class B sites (2363 records, 1271 sites)
 Calculated new NPP ensemble values (8 models)
 Calculated new AET ensemble values (4 models)
 Performed outlier analysis on NPP and driver data (18 flags)
 Excluded managed sites (crops, pasture, plantation and wetlands) (169 sites)
 Identified a set of 373of the 2194 (2363 –169) sites to be excluded, including:
One or more critical flags:
189 flagged related to differences with NPP ensemble (bias, NE, MAE)
180 flagged related to high elevation (>2500 m)
49 flagged related to big differences between site and global precipitation
35 flagged related to big differences between site and global temperature
Five or more less critical flags:
Outside of .05 to .95 percentile by biome
Outside of .95 CI determined by regressions with AET, PREC, TAVE
 Recalculated NPP for 959 sites from the 1821 NPP records
 Compared revised NPP with model ensemble NPP, modeled ensemble averaged 91 gC/m2
higher than observed NPP
Background
The Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison (EMDI) Workshop was held December 5-8, 1999 in
Durham, New Hampshire with 12 modeling groups participating. The EMDI Workshop included
a variety of models, including biogeochemical, satellite-driven, detailed process, and DVGM
types. Initial results showed general agreement between models and data but with obvious
differences that indicate areas for potential data and model improvement. Much of the workshop
was devoted to looking at potential outliers and harmonizing some of the driver data, especially
land cover or vegetation types.
Goal - The goal is to produce a consistent set of NPP measurements with associated
environmental driver data that can be used for regional model development and validation.
QA Issues - The ORNL group had reviewed the data extensively prior to EMDI by looking at
scatter plots and data outside of reasonable limits. However, the Workshop provided the initial
model results to compare with the observed NPP data. An ensemble NPP value was calculated
for each site as the average of the 12 Class A (old class 1-2) and 8 Class B (old Class 3) models,
including AVIM, CARAIB, CENTURY, GLO-PEM, IBIS, PnET, STOMATE, and VECODE.
In addition, an ensemble AET (actual evapotranspiration) value was calculated based on the
average of AET provided by four of the models. The EMDI workshop also provided an
opportunity to review the classification of the sites, compare observed to predicted NPP, and
look at relationships between variables. The specific issues that we hope to address are:

Land cover / Biome Class Consistency- This review was prompted in part by the realization
of problems in using the satellite-derived land cover for each site (i.e., often this represented
1



the dominant land cover for a 1x1 km area, not the typical 1x1 m to 1 hectare NPP
measurement site).
Managed sites - In addition, modelers decided to flag and exclude likely heavily managed
sites and wetlands from the EMDI comparison.
Multiple NPP values for a site – Some sites have up to 35 observed NPP values, often from
several vegetation types. We assume this is often a result of reporting imprecise
latitude/longitude coordinates.
Coordinates – Coordinates for sites are reported in a mix of formats, from whole degrees for
a set of Russian sites to 4 decimal places for GPS registered sites. Some of the climate data
and model outputs were provided with coordinates rounded off to 2 decimal places.
Although we had distributed data with coordinates up to 4 decimal places, we rounded all
sites to 2 decimal places for consistency.
The power of the statistical-empirical approach is that we can look for patterns within similar
groups (i.e., biomes) and look for relationships between variables. Even if we could review the
original literature reference associated with each study, we would not pickup the potential
outliers that were found in this process.
Biomes - The outlier process started by reviewing the biome designation for all sites. Twentyone classes were defined at the EMDI workshop to represent the data and needs of the models.
They were assigned based on initial biome class, subbiome, species, vegetation type and
evaluation by Jonathan Scurlock, Peter Thornton, Mac Post, Bill Parton, Steve DeGrosa and
others. Four classes were assigned to heavily managed or sites typically not addressed by
regional models. The types included crops, pasture, plantations, and wetlands. These sites will
be flagged and generally excluded from the EMDI exercises. The 21 biome classes were
grouped into 12 classes based on the number of sites to ensure there were enough data (at least
30-40 sites) within each biome to conduct the outlier detection described below.
Biomes:
BIOMENEW
*crops
*pasture
*plantation
*wetland
DBL forest / boreal
DBL forest / temperate
DBL forest / tropical
desert
DNL forest / boreal
EBL forest / temperate
EBL forest / tropical
ENL forest / boreal
ENL forest / temperate
grassland / C3
grassland / C4 temperate
grassland / C4 tropical
mediterranean
mixed forest
Total
14
17
27
46
43
233
17
26
29
250
102
117
210
41
18
32
12
49
Aggregated (BIOME2)
managed
managed
managed
managed
boreal
DBL forest / temperate
DBL forest / tropical
desert
boreal
EBL forest / temperate
EBL forest / tropical
ENL forest / boreal
ENL forest / temperate
grassland
grassland
grassland
Savanna
mixed forest
2
Savanna / temperate
Savanna / tropical
tundra
Grand Total
1
8
24
1317
Savanna
Savanna
tundra
Classes
At the EMDI Workshop, we decided to rename the groups to Class A (old Class 1 &2), Class B
(old Class 3) and Class C (old Regional cells. This analysis covers Class B sites. A similar
approach will be used with Class A and Class C sites. Actually, we may use the biome level
information derived from Class B sites to compare to the sites in the other classes.
Class B Sites
The EMDI NPP and driver data were reviewed to flag potential outliers based on criteria to
identify unrepresentative sites or potential errors. Each variable was reviewed independently and
then in combination with other variables. At the EMDI Workshop, the QA checking was
restricted to average NPP at 918 Class B (old Class 3) sites, those for which a complete set of
model predictions from 7 models were available. In this phase, we reviewed all 2363 individual
NPP data values that had model predictions from at least 3 models. The final step will be to
calculate average NPP for all unique site-biome combinations using the subset of NPP records
that pass our flagging criteria. Initially there were 1663 Class B sites; however, this set was
reduced to 1271 unique sites with valid driver data. We expect after the exclusion of outliers that
there will be approximately 1000 sites remaining.
The approach included the following tests to set flags:
1. Flags based on values outside of reasonable limits:
ANPP_C>2000 gC/m2, BNPP_C>2000, TNPP_C > 3000
ELEV > 2500 m (high elevation sites were expected to comprise unrepresentative subbiomes or present problems with the climate extrapolation algorithm)
ANPP > .95TNPP, BNPP>.95 TNPP (for a site with both above and below ground
components)
2. Flags based on questionable values. <We didn’t include this in our set of flags but are aware
that the Russian sites should be flagged and there may be other sites.>
LAT_DD, LONG_DD
3. Flags based on NPP values outside of the .05-.95 percentiles for each biome calculated
assuming a normal distribution of variables (this replaces our initial rule of using 2 standard
deviations):
ANPP, BNPP, TNPP
4. Flags based on climate values outside of the .01-.99 percentiles for each biome calculated
assuming a normal distribution of variables. In addition, we set some specific limits for
some biomes:
3
Temp, Precip
Temp > 6 C for boreal forests
Precip > 1000 mm for desert and tundra
Precip < 1000 mm for tropical forest
5. Flags based on inconsistencies at a site, such as precipitation reported for the site being
different than the precipitation derived from global climate data. These flags were based on
calculating the Normalized Error (NE) as the ratio of the difference (predicted - observed)
divided by the average (predicted + observed )/2. Based on the frequency distribution of the
ratios, ratios greater than 1.0 were flagged.
Elevation, Precipitation, Temperature
6. Flags based on the comparison of measured NPP versus modeled NPP using the average or
ensemble value for all available models. The comparison was based on bias (predicted observed), Normalized Error (predicted - observed) divided by the average (predicted observed )/2, and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) – (predicted - observed) divided by the
observed. . Based on the frequency distributions, bias greater than +_ 1000 gC/m2, NE
ratios greater than +_1.0, and MAE ratios greater than +_ 5 were flagged.
NPP vs MODEL ensemble
7. Flags based on relationships between variables. Linear regression analysis was performed
between NPP and average AET (from 4 models), NPP and precipitation, and NPP and
temperature. Points falling outside of the .95 Confidence Interval about the regression line
were flagged.
NPP vs AET, NPP vs Prec, NPP vs Tave
Critical flags
We assume that sites that have multiple flags have inconsistencies between NPP, driver data, and
model predictions, and are therefore more likely to be an outlier. This seemed to hold true in
plots (see below). We also know that some flags are deserve more critical weight as indicators of
potential problems. We designated flags by assigning a value of 10 for those critical checks,
including NPP inconsistent with model NPP ensemble value, elevation > 2500 m or < -100 m,
and either site temperature or precipitation inconsistent with that assigned based on the global
climate data. We assigned a flag of 100 to the heavily managed sites for easy identification.
The overall flags value was calculated as the sum of the individual flags. Sites with a sum
greater that 100 (managed biomes) were dropped, and those greater than 5 (all those with at least
one major flag) were considered potential for excluding.
1. Drop managed sites (169 or 7% of the total)
2. Select sites with no flags set or less than 5 noncritical flags (or exclude those with a
critical flag set or five or more noncritical flags)
Results
4
A total of 136 of the 2363 records were dropped because they are managed sites. A total of 373
appeared to be outliers. We are in the process of reviewing this list. Virtually all the sites
identified at the EMDI workshop as outliers were included in this set. If the EMDI group as a
whole accepted these as outliers and we recalculate site and biome averages, we would have a
total of 1821 records for 951 sites.
Estimating Total NPP
For those sites lacking a value for TNPP, we calculated biome-specific ratios to estimate
NPP_EST from ANPP or BNPP. We will recalculate these ratios based on the new biome
classification and recalculate NPP_EST use data with outliers excluded.
Plots and Charts
We plotted NPP observed against the modeled NPP ensemble, by AET ensemble, and by latitude
with the plot symbols indicating the magnitude of the flags. In general, the points that had high
flag values appeared to be on the fringe of the cluster of points. As included below, the
difference between the old NPP and revised included increases and decreases, generally getting
bigger with higher NPP levels. There was a strong relationship of the recalculated model
ensemble to be higher at low NPP and lower than observed NPP at higher NPP. Bar charts are
presented for the new biome groups.
The SAS variable names and labels for the flags are:
Flag name
BIOME_F
ELEV_MXF
PREC_F
TAVE_F
MOD_F
ANPP_P5F
BNPP_P5F
TNPP_P5F
NPP_P5F
ANPPBADF
BNPPBADF
TNPPBADF
AET_RGF
PREC_RGF
TAVE_RGF
ELEV_F
PRECBADF
TAVEBADF
Flag
100
10
10
10
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Flag label
crops, pasture, plantations, wetlands**
elev >2500, elev < -100*
(prec – prec_ann) / ave(prec) > 1*
(tave – temp_ann) / ave(tave) > 1*
(npp_est - modcb_av) / ave(npp) > 1*
anpp outsite .05-.95 percentile by biome2
bnpp outsite .05-.95 percentile by biome2
tnpp outsite .05-.95 percentile by biome2
npp outsite .05-.95 percentile by biome2
anpp >2000gc/m2, anpp>95%tnpp
bnpp >2000gc/m2, bnpp>95%tnpp
tnpp >3000gc/m2, anppbadf or bnppbadf
NPP outside .95 CI of NPP=a+b*AET regression
NPP outside .95 CI of NPP=a+b*PREC regression
NPP outside .95 CI of NPP=a+b*TAVE regression
(elev_giv - elev_dem) / ave(elev) > 1
prec outsite .01-.99 percentile by biome2 (or >1000mm in desert)
temp outsite .01-.99 percentile by biome2 (>6 in boreal forests)
5
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 202
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD |STDERR| MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|*crops
|
26|
0| 1137|
673|
132|
210| 3100|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|*pasture
|
25|
0| 1327|
814|
163|
120| 3000|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|*plantation |
35|
0|
888|
410|
69|
200| 1860|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|*wetland
|
83|
0|
638|
597|
66|
60| 2920|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
48|
0|
596|
259|
37|
100| 1140|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
392|
0|
592|
251|
13|
110| 2187|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
46|
0|
653|
365|
54|
140| 1520|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DNL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
43|
0|
509|
253|
39|
150| 1440|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|EBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
375|
0|
796|
336|
17|
53| 2360|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|EBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
168|
0|
922|
380|
29|
60| 2093|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
7
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 203
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD |STDERR| MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ENL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
225|
0|
356|
213|
14|
10| 1120|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ENL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
447|
0|
722|
468|
22|
53| 2413|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|Savanna /
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
1|
0|
450|
.|
.|
450|
450|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|Savanna /
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
8|
0|
434|
434|
153|
60| 1390|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|desert
|
43|
0|
141|
191|
29|
20|
810|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C3
|
68|
0|
332|
237|
29|
40| 1110|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C4 temperate|
32|
0|
388|
219|
39|
30| 1080|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C4 tropical |
61|
0|
687|
541|
69|
40| 2260|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|mediterrane-|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|an
|
12|
0|
422|
259|
75|
80|
800|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
8
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 204
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD |STDERR| MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|mixed forest|
173|
0|
550|
278|
21|
80| 2160|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|tundra
|
52|
0|
101|
82|
11|
10|
370|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ALL
| 2363|
0|
638|
419|
9|
10| 3100|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
9
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 205
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD |STDERR| MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ANPP_C
|ALL
| 1484|
879|
429|
323|
8|
10| 2180|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|BNPP_C
|
|
601| 1762|
151|
175|
7|
10| 2770|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|TNPP_C
|
| 1486|
877|
638|
373|
10|
10| 3100|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|
| 2363|
0|
638|
419|
9|
10| 3100|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|PREC
|
| 2363|
0| 1041|
579|
12|
36| 3778|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|TAVE
|
| 2363|
0|
10|
8|
0|
-18|
29|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ELEV
|
| 2363|
0|
805|
882|
18|
-36| 4240|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
10
EMDI Outlier Analysis
B
I
O
M
E
2
DBL forest /
DBL forest /
EBL forest /
EBL forest /
ENL forest /
ENL forest /
boreal
desert
grassland
managed
mixed forest
savanna
tundra
All
tempera
tropica
tempera
tropica
boreal
tempera
January 28, 2000 206
A
N
P
P
_
N
A
N
P
P
_
C
A
N
P
P
_
P
5
237
40
44
79
206
345
63
32
148
88
144
18
40
1484
479
512
718
662
205
602
297
53
241
508
431
183
74
429
190
150
320
250
30
130
90
10
40
80
100
30
15
50
A
N
P
P
_
P
9
5
T
N
P
P
_
N
900
1220
1700
1370
450
1360
480
160
730
1110
830
400
205
1030
255
35
340
127
101
265
41
22
103
98
69
5
25
1486
T
N
P
P
_
C
T
N
P
P
_
P
5
T
N
P
P
_
P
9
5
598
714
775
890
312
602
492
201
513
844
540
644
87
638
290
190
380
400
100
200
180
30
100
170
260
340
10
140
1040
1510
1330
1440
590
1180
920
800
1370
2010
760
1390
200
1330
N
P
P
_
N
N
P
P
_
E
S
T
N
P
P
_
P
5
N
P
P
_
P
9
5
392
46
375
168
225
447
91
43
161
169
173
21
52
2363
592
653
796
921
356
722
555
141
478
869
550
428
101
638
260
190
380
410
60
190
180
20
80
140
173
80
15
100
1067
1350
1430
1500
820
1720
960
680
1370
2070
1080
800
270
1440
11
EMDI Outlier Analysis
B
I
O
M
E
2
DBL forest /
DBL forest /
EBL forest /
EBL forest /
ENL forest /
ENL forest /
boreal
desert
grassland
managed
mixed forest
savanna
tundra
All
tempera
tropica
tempera
tropica
boreal
tempera
January 28, 2000 207
E
L
E
V
_
N
E
L
E
V
E
L
E
V
_
P
1
392
46
375
168
225
447
91
43
161
169
173
21
52
2363
604
149
1386
567
490
1090
630
1111
624
467
627
418
872
805
10
79
50
53
60
6
92
68
28
2
-1
53
-2
5
E
L
E
V
_
P
9
9
2805
1290
3800
2163
1530
3900
1946
3362
2367
2750
2900
1502
3042
3642
P
R
E
C
P
R
E
C
_
N
P
R
E
C
_
P
1
P
R
E
C
_
P
9
9
T
A
V
E
935
1228
1288
1813
581
1150
616
330
823
1093
985
620
652
1041
392
46
375
168
225
447
91
43
161
169
173
21
52
2363
104
654
593
943
252
199
175
115
167
162
136
256
41
105
2535
1565
2550
3778
1262
3096
1637
789
2315
3464
1890
1277
1748
3096
7.92
25.91
12.51
21.06
0.44
9.33
0.03
13.63
15.06
14.02
10.61
17.05
-6.29
10.18
T
A
V
E
_
P
1
T
A
V
E
_
P
9
9
392.00 -5.00
46.00 20.00
375.00
2.00
168.00 13.00
225.00 -7.00
447.00 -5.00
91.00 -10.00
43.00 -1.00
161.00 -3.00
169.00 -2.00
173.00
0.00
21.00
6.00
52.00 -18.00
2363.0 -9.00
26.00
27.00
18.00
28.00
5.00
24.00
9.00
26.00
28.00
27.00
19.00
27.00
6.00
27.00
T
A
V
E
_
N
12
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 208
-----------------------------------------------|
| N
| SUM |NMISS |
|-------------------------+------+------+------|**biome=cro-|ALL
|
|
|
|
|ps, pasture,|
|
|
|
|
|wetlands,
|
|
|
|
|
|etc
|
| 2363| 16900|
0|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|*(npp_est - |
|
|
|
|
|modcb_av) / |
|
|
|
|
|ave(npp) > 1|
| 2326| 1890|
37|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|*(prec |
|
|
|
|
|prec_ann) / |
|
|
|
|
|ave(prec) > |
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
787|
490| 1576|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|*(tave |
|
|
|
|
|temp_ann) / |
|
|
|
|
|ave(tave) > |
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
607|
350| 1756|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|*elev >2500 |
|
|
|
|
|or elev < - |
|
|
|
|
|100
|
| 2363| 1800|
0|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|(elev_giv - |
|
|
|
|
|elev_dem) / |
|
|
|
|
|ave(elev) > |
|
|
|
|
|1
|
| 2363|
47|
0|
-----------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
13
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 209
-----------------------------------------------|
| N
| SUM |NMISS |
|-------------------------+------+------+------|anpp outsite|ALL
|
|
|
|
|.05
|
|
|
|
|
|percentile |
|
|
|
|
|by biome2
|
| 1484|
127|
879|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|bnpp outsite|
|
|
|
|
|.05
|
|
|
|
|
|percentile |
|
|
|
|
|by biome2
|
|
601|
41| 1762|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|tnpp outsite|
|
|
|
|
|.05
|
|
|
|
|
|percentile |
|
|
|
|
|by biome2
|
| 1486|
132|
877|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|npp outsite |
|
|
|
|
|.05
|
|
|
|
|
|percentile |
|
|
|
|
|by biome2
|
| 2363|
215|
0|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|anpp>2000gc-|
|
|
|
|
|/m2 or
|
|
|
|
|
|anpp>95%tnpp|
|
|
|
|
|or < 50
|
| 1484|
51|
879|
-----------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
14
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 210
-----------------------------------------------|
| N
| SUM |NMISS |
|-------------------------+------+------+------|bnpp>2000gc-|ALL
|
|
|
|
|/m2 or
|
|
|
|
|
|bnpp>95%tnpp|
|
|
|
|
|or < 50
|
|
601|
90| 1762|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|tnpp>3000gc-|
|
|
|
|
|/m2 or
|
|
|
|
|
|anppbadf or |
|
|
|
|
|bnppbadf
|
| 1486|
102|
877|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|prec
|
|
|
|
|
|unreasonable|
|
|
|
|
|for biome2 |
| 2363|
237|
0|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|temp
|
|
|
|
|
|unreasonable|
|
|
|
|
|for biome2 |
| 2363|
78|
0|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|npp value
|
|
|
|
|
|outside
|
|
|
|
|
|npp=a+b*AET |
|
|
|
|
|.95CI
|
| 1635|
37|
728|
|------------+------------+------+------+------|npp value
|
|
|
|
|
|outside
|
|
|
|
|
|npp=a+b*PREC|
|
|
|
|
|.95CI
|
| 1649|
39|
714|
-----------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
15
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 211
-----------------------------------------------|
| N
| SUM |NMISS |
|-------------------------+------+------+------|npp value
|ALL
|
|
|
|
|outside
|
|
|
|
|
|npp=a+b*TAVE|
|
|
|
|
|.95CI
|
| 1649|
41|
714|
-----------------------------------------------Œ
16
EMDI Outlier Analysis
B
I
O
M
E
2
DBL forest /
DBL forest /
EBL forest /
EBL forest /
ENL forest /
ENL forest /
boreal
desert
grassland
mixed forest
savanna
tundra
All
tempera
tropica
tempera
tropica
boreal
tempera
January 28, 2000 212
A
N
P
P
_
N
A
N
P
P
_
C
A
N
P
P
_
P
5
230
38
34
67
172
289
59
16
124
116
14
23
1182
472
464
603
681
213
578
290
84
222
440
221
84
421
210
150
320
290
70
220
90
30
50
180
40
20
80
A
N
P
P
_
P
9
5
T
N
P
P
_
N
860
1020
950
1180
420
1130
480
390
610
760
400
180
950
242
32
261
118
90
179
39
14
87
56
5
14
1137
T
N
P
P
_
C
T
N
P
P
_
P
5
T
N
P
P
_
P
9
5
592
682
837
923
326
653
505
217
486
512
644
94
648
290
190
430
420
140
300
180
30
120
310
340
20
180
1010
1270
1430
1470
590
1090
1000
800
1090
750
1390
200
1270
N
P
P
_
N
N
P
P
_
E
S
T
N
P
P
_
P
5
N
P
P
_
P
9
5
375
43
290
154
191
336
87
21
134
145
17
28
1821
588
625
836
945
368
724
545
193
449
551
505
121
633
270
190
427
430
140
290
200
60
110
253
80
30
180
1040
1260
1430
1480
720
1470
940
680
1090
907
1390
270
1270
17
EMDI Outlier Analysis
B
I
O
M
E
2
DBL forest /
DBL forest /
EBL forest /
EBL forest /
ENL forest /
ENL forest /
boreal
desert
grassland
mixed forest
savanna
tundra
All
tempera
tropica
tempera
tropica
boreal
tempera
January 28, 2000 213
E
L
E
V
_
N
E
L
E
V
E
L
E
V
_
P
1
375
43
290
154
191
336
87
21
134
145
17
28
1821
529
153
923
552
516
656
641
1018
585
505
339
560
619
10
79
50
53
60
6
92
68
30
-1
53
-2
10
E
L
E
V
_
P
9
9
2188
1290
2414
2163
1625
2310
1946
2464
2367
1970
1095
2218
2300
P
R
E
C
P
R
E
C
_
N
P
R
E
C
_
P
1
948
1227
1354
1805
583
1243
615
246
832
1014
634
370
1069
375
43
290
154
191
336
87
21
134
145
17
28
1821
107
654
737
943
252
223
175
115
186
320
301
41
105
P
R
E
C
_
P
9
9
T
A
V
E
_
P
1
T
A
V
E
_
P
9
9
2535
7.76 375.00 -5.00
1565 25.88 43.00 20.00
2138 13.73 290.00
6.00
3778 21.03 154.00 13.00
1262
0.61 191.00 -7.00
3096 10.57 336.00 -1.00
1637
0.03 87.00 -10.00
647 13.52 21.00
6.00
2315 14.61 134.00 -3.00
1890 10.74 145.00
0.00
1277 17.18 17.00
6.00
1748 -10.18 28.00 -18.00
3096 10.28 1821.0 -12.00
25.00
27.00
18.00
28.00
5.00
25.00
9.00
26.00
28.00
19.00
27.00
6.00
27.00
T
A
V
E
T
A
V
E
_
N
18
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 214
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD |STDERR| MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
46|
0|
591|
249|
37|
100|
960|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
375|
0|
588|
233|
12|
110| 1547|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
43|
0|
625|
317|
48|
187| 1350|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DNL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
41|
0|
495|
205|
32|
180| 1130|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|EBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
290|
0|
836|
292|
17|
200| 1670|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|EBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
154|
0|
945|
342|
28|
330| 1910|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ENL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
191|
0|
368|
169|
12|
80|
900|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ENL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
336|
0|
724|
348|
19|
67| 1813|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|Savanna /
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
1|
0|
450|
.|
.|
450|
450|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
19
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 215
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD |STDERR| MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Savanna /
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
6|
0|
552|
444|
181|
180| 1390|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|desert
|
21|
0|
193|
198|
43|
30|
800|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C3
|
59|
0|
356|
242|
32|
80| 1110|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C4 temperate|
30|
0|
399|
216|
39|
90| 1080|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C4 tropical |
45|
0|
604|
404|
60|
40| 1400|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|mediterrane-|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|an
|
10|
0|
482|
240|
76|
80|
800|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|mixed forest|
145|
0|
551|
215|
18|
173| 1520|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|tundra
|
28|
0|
121|
82|
16|
20|
345|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ALL
| 1821|
0|
633|
333|
8|
20| 1910|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
20
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 216
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD |STDERR| MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ANPP_C
|ALL
| 1182|
639|
421|
264|
8|
20| 1430|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|BNPP_C
|
|
470| 1351|
141|
117|
5|
10|
790|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|TNPP_C
|
| 1137|
684|
648|
320|
9|
20| 1910|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|
| 1821|
0|
633|
333|
8|
20| 1910|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|PREC
|
| 1821|
0| 1069|
584|
14|
36| 3778|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|TAVE
|
| 1821|
0|
10|
8|
0|
-18|
28|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ELEV
|
| 1821|
0|
619|
559|
13|
-36| 2500|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
21
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 217
--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD | MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
29|
0|
582|
248|
100|
960|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
199|
0|
592|
215|
110| 1353|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
12|
0|
564|
212|
187|
830|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DNL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
28|
0|
498|
158|
210|
815|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|EBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
215|
0|
853|
281|
380| 1670|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|EBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
98|
0|
932|
314|
330| 1910|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ENL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
78|
0|
348|
169|
97|
900|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ENL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
139|
0|
632|
298|
67| 1676|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|Savanna /
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
1|
0|
450|
.|
450|
450|
--------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
22
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 218
--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD | MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Savanna /
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
6|
0|
552|
444|
180| 1390|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|desert
|
17|
0|
192|
191|
45|
800|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C3
|
36|
0|
358|
211|
95|
795|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C4 temperate|
16|
0|
454|
207|
120| 1080|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C4 tropical |
24|
0|
525|
387|
40| 1370|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|mediterrane-|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|an
|
9|
0|
467|
249|
80|
800|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|mixed forest|
38|
0|
536|
167|
244| 1107|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|tundra
|
14|
0|
124|
76|
30|
270|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ALL
|
959|
0|
637|
322|
30| 1910|
--------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
23
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 219
--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD | MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|MODCB_AV
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
26|
3|
648|
149|
175|
782|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
196|
3|
705|
155|
133| 1278|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
12|
0|
731|
124|
430|
892|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|DNL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
28|
0|
503|
160|
215|
856|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|EBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
215|
0|
899|
92|
539| 1160|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|EBL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
98|
0| 1026|
144|
625| 1415|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ENL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|boreal
|
78|
0|
560|
121|
303|
809|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ENL forest /|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
139|
0|
697|
225|
126| 1234|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|Savanna /
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|temperate
|
1|
0|
720|
.|
720|
720|
--------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
24
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 220
--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD | MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|MODCB_AV
|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Savanna /
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|tropical
|
6|
0|
460|
162|
282|
746|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|desert
|
17|
0|
222|
126|
72|
539|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C3
|
36|
0|
490|
173|
159|
839|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C4 temperate|
16|
0|
639|
235|
152|
927|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|grassland / |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|C4 tropical |
22|
2|
676|
237|
72| 1143|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|mediterrane-|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|an
|
9|
0|
519|
175|
329|
787|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|mixed forest|
37|
1|
757|
158|
464| 1051|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|tundra
|
9|
5|
304|
167|
93|
616|
|
|------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
|ALL
|
945|
14|
738|
232|
72| 1415|
--------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
25
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 221
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| N
|NMISS | MEAN | STD |STDERR| MIN | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ANPP_C
|ALL
|
481|
478|
382|
241|
11|
20| 1353|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|BNPP_C
|
|
200|
759|
146|
110|
8|
20|
570|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|TNPP_C
|
|
688|
271|
671|
319|
12|
30| 1910|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|NPP_EST
|
|
959|
0|
637|
322|
10|
30| 1910|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|PREC
|
|
959|
0| 1031|
556|
18|
36| 3778|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|TAVE
|
|
959|
0|
10|
8|
0|
-18|
28|
|------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ELEV
|
|
959|
0|
674|
563|
18|
-36| 2500|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
26
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 222
--------------------------------------------------------------------|
|Obser-|
|
|
|
| ved |
|
|
|
| NPP, |
|
|
|
|outli-|
|
|
|
| ers |
|
|
|
|dropp-|MODCB-|
Predicted(ensemble) |
|
| ed | _AV |
Observed NPP
|
|
|------+------+---------------------------|
| MEAN | MEAN | N
| MEAN | STD | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-------------------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|DBL forest / boreal
|
415|
470|
9|
20|
259|
385|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|DBL forest / temperate
|
592|
705|
196|
109|
220|
569|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|DBL forest / tropical
|
598|
732|
11|
134|
200|
367|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|DNL forest / boreal
|
498|
503|
28|
5|
197|
235|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|EBL forest / temperate
|
853|
899|
215|
46|
265|
538|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|EBL forest / tropical
|
932| 1026|
98|
94|
330|
708|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ENL forest / boreal
|
352|
528|
65|
177|
192|
546|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ENL forest / temperate
|
632|
697|
139|
66|
268|
719|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|Savanna / temperate
|
450|
720|
1|
270|
.|
270|
--------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
(CONTINUED)
27
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 223
--------------------------------------------------------------------|
|Obser-|
|
|
|
| ved |
|
|
|
| NPP, |
|
|
|
|outli-|
|
|
|
| ers |
|
|
|
|dropp-|MODCB-|
Predicted(ensemble) |
|
| ed | _AV |
Observed NPP
|
|
|------+------+---------------------------|
| MEAN | MEAN | N
| MEAN | STD | MAX |
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|BIOMENEW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-------------------------|
|
|
|
|
|
|Savanna / tropical
|
552|
460|
6|
-91|
350|
207|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|desert
|
192|
222|
17|
30|
205|
409|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|grassland / C3
|
358|
490|
36|
132|
172|
433|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|grassland / C4 temperate |
454|
639|
16|
185|
179|
485|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|grassland / C4 tropical |
525|
676|
22|
110|
366|
643|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|mediterranean
|
467|
519|
9|
52|
203|
287|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|mixed forest
|
536|
757|
37|
215|
221|
708|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|tundra
|
124|
304|
9|
160|
117|
346|
|-------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------|ALL
|
641|
739|
914|
91|
255|
719|
--------------------------------------------------------------------Œ
28
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 224
Plot of NPP_DIFF*NPP_EST.
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
:
O
l
d
N
e
w
N
P
P
Legend: A = 1 obs, B = 2 obs, etc.
600 ˆ
‚
A A
‚
A
‚
A
A
‚
A
400 ˆ
‚
‚
AA
A
A
‚
A B
‚
B
A
A
200 ˆ
A B A
B
A A
A
‚
AA
A
A
‚
B
A
‚
A
A A
A
A
‚
B A
A A A A
A
A
A
0 ˆ
A A A A AB
AA A A B
‚
A A BCBA A A AABDD BDEA CCCD CBBBADC DABB C BAA
A
‚
BCB A A AAA
A
A A A
A
AA
A C A A
A
A
‚
A A
CABB
A
ACA
A
‚
A A B
A
-200 ˆ
A
AB
‚
A A
B
BAA
A
A
‚
A
‚
A
‚
A
-400 ˆ
Šƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒ
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Observed NPP, outliers dropped
29
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 225
Plot of NPP_MDIF*NPP_EST.
Legend: A = 1 obs, B = 2 obs, etc.
NPP_MDIF ‚
1000 ˆ
‚
‚
‚
A
‚
A
A
B
A
A
‚
A AA
A BA BBA A
500 ˆ
BAB AB A BDDCB E D AA
AA
‚
C A B D A BBB BAEABAAA AA A AA
A
‚
AAEABABDCECCEBBFBFDDCDADCCC A A
A
‚
BBB
B GEBDBDADDGIFCDIDGEDDDBBBCBACDAA
A A
‚
A AAABCCBD ABDEDFEBHADA DGFLCHHEDEDEEDDA A
A A A
‚ ABA D
A
BBB CACCFAAAF AEGDDBFHCCCBDFA ACCAD AAAA
A
0 ˆ
AB BAAAB A ABBBEACACBDCEBGCDECCC BCBCCABCBD BC BAA A
A
‚
A A
A A A BA B AAB
AAADBACA A ABBBBBBABBDBDBA
A
A
‚
BAA BA
B
AADBCAAACC DCCA FA AA A A A
‚
A B ABAB AA B
A AADBBC C CC
A
‚
A
A A
A AA A C B BB BABBA A
A
‚
A A AA
A AA
AB
A A
C A A A
-500 ˆ
C A
BA
B AB A
A
A
‚
A
A
B
‚
A
A
AAA A AAA
A
‚
AB
‚
‚
-1000 ˆ
Šƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒ
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
Observed NPP, outliers dropped
NOTE: 12 obs had missing values.
30
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 226
BIOME
Desert
Forest
Forest / Boreal
Forest / Tempera
Forest / Tropica
Grassland
Mediterranean
Not specified
Savanna
Tundra
‚
‚********
‚
‚***************************
‚
‚*******************
‚
‚***********************************
‚
‚*****************************************
‚
‚*********************
‚
‚*************************
‚
‚********************************
‚
‚***************************
‚
‚******
‚
Šƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒ
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Freq
NPP_OLD
Mean
10
165.0000
56
533.3185
119
385.7986
379
705.9933
213
812.0187
68
428.0123
5
508.1667
54
632.9198
11
536.6414
11
110.3810
NPP_OLD Mean
31
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 227
BIOMENEW
DBL forest / bor
DBL forest / tem
DBL forest / tro
DNL forest / bor
EBL forest / tem
EBL forest / tro
ENL forest / bor
ENL forest / tem
Savanna / temper
Savanna / tropic
desert
grassland / C3
grassland / C4 t
mediterranean
mixed forest
tundra
‚
‚*********************
‚******************************
‚******************************
‚*************************
‚*******************************************
‚***********************************************
‚******************
‚********************************
‚***********************
‚****************************
‚**********
‚******************
‚*************************
‚***********************
‚***************************
‚******
‚
Šƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒ
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Freq
Observed NPP, ou
Mean
10
199
11
28
215
98
65
139
1
6
17
36
40
9
38
14
415.000
591.856
598.384
497.929
852.693
931.735
351.741
631.509
450.000
551.667
191.765
357.870
496.829
466.667
535.757
123.661
Observed NPP, outliers dropped
32
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 228
BIOMENEW
DBL forest / bor
DBL forest / tem
DBL forest / tro
DNL forest / bor
EBL forest / tem
EBL forest / tro
ENL forest / bor
ENL forest / tem
Savanna / temper
Savanna / tropic
desert
grassland / C3
grassland / C4 t
mediterranean
mixed forest
tundra
Difference: Old
Freq
Mean
‚
‚
‚*******************************************************‚
‚
‚****
‚
‚*********
‚
**‚
‚
‚
‚
‚*
‚
*****************************‚
‚
‚***
‚
‚
‚
‚
‚
********‚
‚
***‚
‚
**‚
‚
*************‚
‚
**‚
‚
‚*
‚
‚
Šˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒ
-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
0
10
10
199
11
28
215
98
65
139
1
6
17
36
40
9
38
14
-109.3333
8.3305
18.7879
-4.6250
0.7897
2.0700
-57.8172
5.9363
0.0000
0.0000
-16.6176
-6.4842
-3.8194
-25.8333
-3.0835
2.3592
Difference: Old - New NPP
33
EMDI Outlier Analysis
January 28, 2000 229
BIOMENEW
DBL forest / bor
DBL forest / tem
DBL forest / tro
DNL forest / bor
EBL forest / tem
EBL forest / tro
ENL forest / bor
ENL forest / tem
Savanna / temper
Savanna / tropic
desert
grassland / C3
grassland / C4 t
mediterranean
mixed forest
tundra
Predicted(ensemb
Freq
Mean
‚
‚
‚
‚***
‚
‚***************
‚
‚******************
‚
‚*
‚
‚******
‚
‚*************
‚
‚************************
‚
‚*********
‚
‚************************************
‚************‚
‚
‚****
‚
‚******************
‚
‚*******************
‚
‚*******
‚
‚*****************************
‚
‚*********************
‚
‚
Šƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒ
-60
0
60
120
180
240
9
196
11
28
215
98
65
139
1
6
17
36
38
9
37
9
19.5804
108.7997
133.5819
5.1660
45.9032
94.4948
176.5225
65.6181
269.8430
-91.2120
29.8861
132.1704
141.8768
52.0949
215.1300
160.4227
Predicted(ensemble) - Observed NPP
34