Functional Conjugated Polymers for Noncovalent Engineering of Carbon
Nanotubes and Sensing Applications
Haiying Liu
Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, MI 49931
Rigid functional conjugated poly(arylene-ethynylene)s have been successfully used to solubilize carbon
nanotubes in different solvents including water. This unique approach represents the first example of carbon
nanotube solubilization via - stacking without polymer wrapping and enables superior control of the relative
placement of functionalities on the nanotube surface while still preserving nearly all of the nanotube’s intrinsic
properties. Homogeneous carbon nanotube/polymer composites were fabricated using noncovalently functionalized,
soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). These composites showed dramatic improvements in the
electrical conductivity with very low percolation threshold ~ 0.05–0.1 wt % of SWNT loading. By significantly
improving the dispersion of SWNTs in commercial polymers, we showed that only very low SWNT loading is
needed to achieve the conductivity levels required for various electrical applications without compromising the host
polymer’s other preferred physical properties and processability. In contrast to previous techniques, our method is
applicable to various host polymers and does not require lengthy sonication. This is one of a very few
nanotechnologies which are making a big profit since its patent (USA Patent 6905667) has been licensed to Zyvex
Corporation for commercialization of carbon nanotube composites for a variety of applications including sporting
goods equipment. Please see detailed commercialization information from website addresses:
http://www.zyvex.com/Products/materials.html,
http://www.nanotechwire.com/news.asp?nid=3540
http://www.nanotechwire.com/company.asp?cid=383
Novel well-defined water-soluble fluorescent conjugated glycopolymers for lectin and bacteria sensing
applications.
A model of SWNT and poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene) nanocomposite
26
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
NAME
POSITION TITLE
Haiying Liu
Assistant Professor of Chemistry
Positions:
August 2002
– Present
An assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University.
My research focuses on synthesis, characterization and biomedical and sensing
applications
of
water-soluble
conjugated
glycopolymers,
glycodendrimers,
glyconanopaticles, conjugated polyelectrolytes, small redox-active carbohydrate
conjugates, and functional carbon nanotube arrays. My research group consists of five
Ph. D. students and one postdoctoral associate (Dr. Cuihua Xue). I teach instrumental
analysis for undergraduate students, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometer for graduate students.
April 1999 –
July 2002
A postdoctoral research associate working with Professors David H. Waldeck, Gilbert C.
Walker, and Stephene Weber at University of Pittsburgh.
Feb. 1998 –
March 1999
A postdoctoral research associate working with Professor Luis Echegoyen. (Dr. Luis
Echegoyen will be a head of NSF chemistry division starting in August 2006).
July 1995 –
Feb. 1998
An assistant Professor and an associate professor, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Education:
July 1995
Ph. D degree in analytical chemistry at Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
July 1992
Master degree in Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal
University, Shanghai, China.
Honors:
1) Fudan-Unilever Scholarship (1994). Fudan University, China
2) An award to the most outstanding young teacher (1997), Shanghai Higher Education Committee, Shanghai,
China
Patent:
Full Patent (6905667) entitled ‘A polymer and method for using the polymer for solubilizing nanotubes’ was
issued on June 14, 2005 and its European, Chinese and Japanese full patents are under process. This is the
first method to commercialize single-walled carbon nanotubes composite materials.
NSF and DARPA proposal reviewer and Journal reviewer for
27
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Langmuir;
Chemical Communications;
Biomacromolecules;
Chemistry of Materials;
Talanta;
Journal of Supermolecular Chemistry;
Electochimica Acta;
Analytica Chimica Acta;
Biosensors & Bioelectronics.
Research funding Support
1. Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Bacteria.
Supported by United States Department of Agriculture, Haiying Liu (PI)
01/07 to 12/07
2. Novel Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Chemical and Biological Sensors Based on Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes
Supported by Michigan Technological University, Haiying Liu (PI)
06/05 to 05/06
3. Multifunctional Next-Generation Carbon Nanotube Super Fibers
Supported by DARPA and Zyvex Corporation, Haiying Liu (PI)
4. Synthesis and Characterization of New Functional Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s
Composites of Carbon Nanotubes and the Polymers
Supported by NASA and Zyvex Corporation, Haiying Liu (PI)
5. Semiconductor Quantum Dot-Based Artificial Enzymes
Supported by National Science Foundation , Haiying Liu (Co-PI)
01/05 to 12/05
for Hierachical
01/05 to 12/05
06/04 to 06/05
6. Novel Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Chemical and Biological Sensors Based on Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes
Supported by Research Excellence Fund, Michigan Technological University, Haiying
06/04 to 06/05
Liu (PI)
7. Hierachical Composites Comprising Continuous Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers in a NanotubeReinforced Matrix
Supported by NASA and Zyvex Corporation, Haiying Liu (PI)
01/04 to 12/04
8. Novel Hybrid Fluorescent Nanosensors for Chemical and Biological Sensing
Supported by Research Excellence Fund of Michigan Technological University
Haiying Liu (Co-PI)
06/03 to 06/04
9. Synthesis and Characterization of New Functional Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s and other Conjugated
Polymers
Supported by Zyvex Corporation. Haiying Liu (PI)
01/03 to 12/03
Selected publications in published peer-reviewed international journals
1) Highly Water-Soluble Conjugated Fluorescent Glycopoly(p-phenylene)s For Lectin and
Escherichia coli. Cuihua Xue, Sonali P. Jog, Pushpalatha Murthy, HAIYING
LIU, Biomacromolecules, in press.
28
2) Facile, Versatile Pre-polymerization and Post-polymerization Functionalization
Approaches
for
Well-defined
Fluorescent
Conjugated
Fluorene-based
Glycopolymers. Cuihua Xue, D.V. Ramana Reddy, HAIYING LIU, Macromolecules, in
press.
3) Synthesis and Biosensing Application of Highly Water-soluble and Cross-linkable
Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) Bearing Osmium(II) Complex and Aldehyde Groups.
Cuihua Xue, F.T. Luo, J. Chen, HAIYING LIU. Analytica Chimica Acta, 569 (2006) 2734.
4) A new method for the preparation of stable carbon nanotube organogels. Jian Chen,
Cuihua Xue, Rajagopal Ramasubramaniam, HAIYING LIU, Carbon, 44(11) (2006) 21422146.
5) A Versatile Molecular Engineering Approach to Simultaneously Enhanced
Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites. Jian Chen, Rajagopal
Ramasubramaniam, Cuihua Xue, HAIYING LIU. Advanced Functional Materials, 16(1)
(2006) 114-119.
6) Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Analysis of Poly(para-phenyleneethynylene)s. Sparkle T. Ellison, Anthony P. Gies,
William K. Nonidez, Cuihua Xue and HAIYING LIU. International Journal of Polymer
Analysis and Characterization, 10 (2005) 245-258.
7) Single-Molecule AFM Study of Polystyrene Grafted at Gold Surfaces. Sabah AlMaawali, Jason E. Bemis, Boris B. Akhremitchev, HAIYING LIU, Gilbert C. Walker.
The Journal of Adhesion. 81 (2005) 999-1016.
8) Construction of Conjugated Molecular Structures on Gold Nanoparicles via Sonogashira
Coupling Reactions. Cuihua Xue, Ganesh Arumugan, Kumaranand Palaniappan, Stephen
A. Hackney, HAIYING LIU and Jian Liu. Chemical Communications, (2005) 1055 1057.
9) The Fluorescence Quenching Mechanism of a Polyphenylene Polyelectrolyte with Other
Macromolecules: Cytochrome c and Dendrimers. Min Liu, P. Kaur, D.H. Waldeck, C.
Xue and HAIYING LIU. LANGMUIR, 21(5), (2005) 1687-1690.
10) Synthesis of Water-soluble Electroactive Ferrocene-grafted Poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene)
via Phase Transfer and Its Biosensing Application. Cuihua Xue, Zhen Chen, Fen-Tair
Luo, Kumaranand Palaniappan, David J. Chesney, Jian Liu, Jian Chen, HAIYING LIU.
BIOMACROMOLECULES, 6(3) (2005), 1810-1815.
11) Conjugated Thiol Linker for Enhanced Electrical Conduction of Gold-Molecule Contacts.
A.V. Tivanski, Y. He, E. Borguet, HAIYING LIU, G.C. Walker, D.H. Waldeck. Journal
of Physical Chemistry B. 109(12) (2005); 5389-5402.
29
12) Organization-Induced Charge Redistribution in Self-Assembled Organic Monolayers on
Gold. S.G. Ray, H. Cohen, R. Naaman, HAIYING LIU, D.H. Waldeck, Journal of
Physical Chemistry B. 109(29) (2005) 14064-14073.
13) Synthesis of Ferrocene-Grafted Poly(p-phenylene-ethynylenes) and Control of
Electrochemical Behaviors of Their Thin Films Cuihua Xue, Zhen Chen, Ya Wen, F.T.
Luo, Jian Chen, HAIYING LIU, Langmuir, 21(17) (2005) 7860 - 7865.
14) Novel Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Sensors for Metal Ions Based On Manipulation
of Side Chain Compositions of Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s. Zhen Chen, Cuihua Xue,
Wei Shi, Fen-Tair Luo, Sarah Green, Jian Chen and HAHIYING LIU, Analytical
Chemistry, 76(21) (2004) 6513-6518.
15) Probing Electron Tunneling Pathways: Electrochemical Study of Rat Heart Cytochrome
c and Its Mutant on Pyridine-Terminated SAMs. J.J. Wei, HAIYING LIU, K. Niki, E.
Margoliash and D. H. Waldeck. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 108 (2004) 1691216917.
16) Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Study of
Cytochrome c Bound on Electrodes through Coordination with Pyridinyl-Terminated
Self-Assembled Monolayers. D. H. Murgida, P. Hildebrandt, J. Wei, Y. F. He, HAIYING
LIU, and D. H. Waldeck, Journal of Physical Chemistry, B. 108(7) (2004) 2261-2269.
17) Homogeneous carbon nanotube polymer composites for electrical applications,
Rajagopal Ramasubramaniam, Jian Chen and Haiying Liu, Appiled Physics Letters, 83
(2003) 2928 - 2930.
18) Charge-Transfer Mechanism for Cytochrome C adsorbed on Nanometer Thick Films.
Distinguishing Frictional Control from Conformational Gating. Dimitri E. Khoshtariya,
Jianjun Wei, HAIYING LIU, Hongjun Yue and David H. Waldeck, Journal of American
Chemical Society, 125 (2003) 7704-7714.
19) Adhesion force in Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscope. Alexei V. Tivanski,
Jason E. Bemis, Boris B. Akhremitchev, HAIYING LIU, and Gilbert C. Walker,
Langmuir, 19 (2003) 1929-1934.
20) Control of the Electron Transfer Rate between Cytochrome c and Gold electrodes by the
Manipulation of the Electrode's Hydrogen Bonding character. HAIYING LIU, Hiromichi
Yamamoto, Jianjun Wei, and David H. Waldeck, Langmuir, 19 (2003) 2378-2387.
21) Electron-Transfer Dynamics of Cytochrome C: A Change in the Reaction Mechanism
with Distance. Jianjun Wei, HAIYING LIU, Dimitri E. Khoshtariya, Hiromichi
Yamamoto, Allison Dick, David H. Waldeck, Angewandte Chemie (International
Edition), 41(24) (2002) 4700-4703
22) Noncovalent Engineering of Carbon Nanotube Surfaces by Rigid, Functional Conjugated
Polymers. Jian Chen, HAIYING LIU, Wayne A. Weimer, Mathew D. Halls, David H.
30
Waldeck and Gilbert C. Walker. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY,
124(31) (2002) 9034-9035.
23) Direct Wiring of Cytochrome c's Heme Unit to an Electrode: Electrochemical Studies.
Jianjun Wei, HAIYING LIU, Allison R. Dick, Hiromichi Yamamoto, Yufan He, and
David H. Waldeck, JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 124(32)
(2002) 9591-9599.
24) Immobilization of cytochrome c at gold electrode by ligation between a pyridine
terminated self-assembled monolayer and the heme of cytochrome c. Hiromichi
Yamamoto, HAIYING LIU and David H. Waldeck. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL
SOCIETY, CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS. (2001) 1032-1033.
25) The Nature of electronic coupling through insulating barriers on Au electrodes. The
importance of chain composition and interchain coupling. A. M. Napper, HAIYING LIU
and David H. Waldeck. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (B), 105 (2001) 76997707
26) Self-assembled monolayers of bis-thioctic ester derivatives of oligoethyleneglycols:
remarkable selectivity for K+/Na+ recognition. Krisanu Bandyopadhyay, HAIYING LIU,
Sheng-Gao Liu and Luis Echegoyen, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SOCIETY,
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, 2 (2000) 141-142.
27) Ion recognition at the interface of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of bis-thioctic
ester derivatives of oligo(ethyleneglycols). Krisanu Bandyopadhyay, Sheng-gao Liu,
HAIYING LIU, Luis Echegoyen, CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, 6(23)
(2000) 4385-4392.
28) Selective K+ Recognition at the Interface during Self-Assembly of a Bis-Podand Thiol
on a Gold Surface. Krisanu Bandyopadhyay, Lianhe Shu, HAIYING LIU, and Luis
Echegoyen, LANGMUIR; 16(6) (2000) 2706-2714.
29) Dithia-Crown-Annelated Tetrathiafulvalene Disulfides: Synthesis, Electrochemistry,
Self-Assembled Films, and Metal Ion Recognition. Sheng-Gao Liu, HAI YING LIU,
Krisanu Bandyopadhyay, Zhiqiang Gao, and Luis Echegoyen, JOURNAL OF ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY, 65(11) (1999) 3292-3298.
30) Remarkably stable self-assembled monolayers of new crown-ether annelated
tetrathiafulvalene derivatives and their cation recognition properties. HAIY ING LIU,
Shenggao Liu and Luis Echegoyen, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SOCIETY, CHEMICAL
COMMUNICATIONS, (1999) 1493-1495.
31) A new dyad based on C60 and a conjugated imethylamiline-substituted
dithienylethylene donor. Shenggao Liu, Lianhe Shu, Jose Rivera, HAIYING LIU, JeanManuel Raimundo, Jean Roncali, Alain Gorgues, Luis Echegoyen, JOURNAL OF
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 64 (1999) 4884-4886.
31
32) Reagentless amperometric biosensor sensitive to glucose and lactose based on
coimmobilization of ferrocene, glucose oxidase, galactosidase and mutarotase in (betacyclodextrin polymer. HAIYING LIU, Haihong Li, Shaohua Yan and Deyao Qi,
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA, 358 (1998) 137.
33) A novel thin-layer amperometric detector based on chemically modified ring-disc
electrode and its application for simultaneous measurements of nitric oxide and nitrite in
rat brain combined with in vivo microdialysis. Lanqun Mao, Guoyue Shi, Yu Tian,
HAIYING LIU, Litong Jin, Katsunobu Yamamoto, Shuguang Tao and Jiye Jin,
TALANTA, 46 (6) (1998) 1547-1556.
34) A new ultramicrosensor for nitric oxide based on electropolymerized film of nickel salen.
Lanqun Mao, Yu Tian, Guoyue Shi, HAIYING LIU, Li-tong Jin, K. Yamamoto,
Shuguang Tao and Jiye Jin, ANALYTICAL LETTERS, 31 (12) (1998) 1991-2007.
35) A phenazine methosulphated-mediated sensor sensitive to lactate based on entrapment of
lactate oxidase and horseradish peroxidase in composite membranes of poly(vinyl
alcohol) and regenerated silk fibroin. HAIYING LIU, Zhanen Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang,
Deyao Qi, Yongcheng Liu, Tonyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng, ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA, 42
(1997) 349-355.
36) Immobilization of glucose oxidase with the blend of regenerated silk fibroin and
poly(vinyl alcohol) and its application to a 1,1'-dimethylferrocene-mediating glucose
sensor. Yongcheng Liu, X. Chen, Jianhong Qian, HAIYING LIU, ZZ Shao, Jianqi Deng,
Tonyin Yu, APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 62 (2-3): (1997)
105-117.
37) Biosensing of hydrogen peroxide at carbon paste electrode incorporating N-methyl
phenazine methosulphate, fumed-silica and horseradish peroxidase. Wanlan Luo,
HAIYING LIU, Huihong Deng, Kang Sun, Changhou Zhao, Deyao Qi and Jiaqi Deng,
ANALYTICAL LETTERS, 30(2), (1997) 205-220.
38) Structure and properties of porous composite membranes of
poly(vinyl alcohol) and biosensing of glucose via Meldola
ionomer as an electron transfer mediator. HAIYING LIU,
Deyao Qi, Jiaqi Deng, Yongcheng Liu and Tonyin Yu
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 357 (1997) 812-816.
regenerated silk fibroin and
blue dispersed in polyester
Huihong Deng, Kang Sun,
, FRESENIUS JOURNAL
39) A reagentless biosensor highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide based on new methylene
blue N dispersed in Nafion gel as the electron shuttle. HAIYING LIU, Tailin Ying, Kang
Sun and Deyao Qi, JOURNAL OF ELECTROANANYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 417
(1997) 59-64.
40) Reagentless amperometric biosensor highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide based on the
incorporation of Meldola Blue, fumed silica and horseradish peroxidase into carbon
paste. HAIYING LIU, Zhanen Zhang, Yubo Fan, Miao Dai , Xiaolin Zhang, Jianjun Wei,
32
Zhunan Qiu, Hongbin Li, Xinxin Wu, Jiaqi Deng and Deyao Qi, FRESENIUS
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 357 (3) (1997) 297-301
41) Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase onto a composite membrane of regenerated silk
fibroin and polyvinyl alcohol and its application to a new methylene blue-mediating
sensor for hydrogen peroxide. Yongcheng Liu, Jianhong Qian, Xiaolin Fu, HAIYING
LIU, Jianqi Deng, Tonyin Yu, ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY, 21 (3)
(1997) 154-159.
42) Amperometric methylene blue-mediated sensor highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide
based on a composite membrane of regenerated silk fibroin and polyvinyl alcohol as
immobilization matrix for horseradish peroxidase. HAIYING LIU, Jianhong Qian,
Yongcheng Liu, Tongyin Yu, Jiaqi Deng and Deyao Qi, FRESE NIUS JOURNAL OF
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 357 (1997) 302-307.
43) Reagentless Amperometric Biosensors Highly Sensitive to Hydrogen Peroxide, Glucose
and Lactose Based on N-methyl Phenazine Methosulphate Incorporated in a Nafion Film
as an Electron Transfer Mediator between Horseradish Peroxidase and an Electrode.
HAIYING LIU, Tailin Ying, Kang Sun, Haihong Li and Deyao Qi, ANALYTICA
CHIMICA ACTA, 42 (1997) 349-355.
44) Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase with a regenerated silk fibroin membrane and
its application to a tetrathiafulvalene-mediating H2O2 sensor. Jianghong Qian,
Yongcheng Liu, HAIYING LIU, Tongyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng, BIOSENSORS AND
BIOELECTRONICS, 12 (12), (1997) 1213-1218.
45) Characterization of composite membrane of poly(vinyl alcohol) and regenerated silk
fibroin for immobilization of horseradish peroxidase and an amperometric neckelocenemediated sensor sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. HAIYING LIU, Xiaolin Zhang, Zhanen
Zhang, Deyao Qi, Yubo Fan, Yongcheng Liu, Shenghui Liu, Tongyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng,
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 67 (1996) 7783.
46) Electrochemical immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on an electro-activated glassy
carbon electrode. Zhanen Zhang ZE, Chenghon Lei, Wenlian Sun , HAIYING LIU and
Jiaqi Deng, JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 419 (1) (1996) 8591.
47) Feature of entrapment of glucose oxidase in regenerated silk fibroin membrane and
fabrication of a 1,1'-dimethylferrocene-mediating glucose sensor. HAIYING LIU,
Yongcheng Liu, Jianghong Qian, Tongyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng. MICROCHEMICAL
JOURNAL, 53 (1996) 241-252.
48) Immobilization of glucose oxidase in the composite membrane of regenerated silk fibroin
and poly(vinyl alcohol): application to an amperometric glucose sensor. HAIYING LIU,
Jianghong
Qian,
Yongcheng
Liu,
Tongyin
Yu
and
Jiaqi
Deng,
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BIOENERGETRICS, 39 (1996) 303-308.
33
49) Fabrication and features of a methylene green-mediating sensor for hydrogen peroxide
based on regenerated silk fibroin as immobilization matrix for peroxidase. HAIYING
LIU, Yongcheng Liu, Jianhong Qian, Tongyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng, TALANTA, 43 (1996)
111-118.
50) An amperometric meldola blue-mediated sensor highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide
based on immobilization of horseradish peroxidase in a composite membrane of
regenerated silk fibroin and poly(vinyl alcohol). HAIYING LIU, Xiaolin Zhang, Jianjun
Wei, Xinxin Wu, Deyao Qi, Yongcheng Liu, Miao Dai, Tong yin Yu and Jiaqi Deng,
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA, 329 (1996) 97-103.
51) Characterization of blend membranes of regenerated silk fibroin and PVA for
immobilizing glucose oxidase and its application to a first generation of glucose sensors.
Jianhong Qian, HAIYING LIU, Yongcheng Liu, Tongyin Yu, Jianqi Deng,
ELECTROANALYSIS, 8 (5) (1996) 480-484.
52) An amperometric biosensor based on immobilized glucose oxidase employing pbenzoquinone as electron shuttle. Jianhong Qian, Yongcheng Liu, HAIYING LIU,
TongyinYu, Jiaqi Deng, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND
BIOTECHNOLOGY, 67 (3) (1996) 281-285.
53) A glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase in electropolymerized oaminophenol film on platinized glassy carbon electrode. Zhanen Zhang, HAIYING LIU
and Jiaqi Deng, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 66 (1996) 1632-1638.
54) An amperometric glucose sensor based on Eastman-AQ-tetrathiafulvalene modified
electrode. HAIYING LIU and Jiaqi Deng, BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS, 11
(1996) 103-110.
55) Blend Membrane of Regenerated silk fibroin, poly(vinyl alcohol), and peroxidase and its
application to a ferrocene-mediating hydrogen peroxide sensor. Yongcheng Liu, Jianhong
Qian, HAIYING LIU, Xiaolin Zhang, Jiaqi Deng and Tongyin Yu, JOURNAL OF
APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 61 (1996) 641-647.
56) Amperometric tetrathiafulvalene-mediated sensor sensitive to reduced nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide based on co-immobilized lactate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase.
Xiaolin Zhang, HAIYING LIU, Xinxin Wu, Deyao Qi, Zhanyen Zhang, Miao Dai, Jiaqi
Deng and Feng Feng, ANALYTICAL COMMUNICATIONS, 33 (1996) 111-114.
57) Feature of an amperometric ferrocyanide-mediating H2O2 sensor for organic-phase assay
based on regenerated silk fibroin as immobilization matrix for peroxidase. Yongcheng
Liu, HAIYING LIU, Jianghong Qian, Jiaqi Deng and Tongyin Yu, ELECTROCHIMICA
ACTA, 41 (1996) 77-82.
58) Studies on employing tetrathiafulvalene as an electron shuttle incorporated in a
montmorillonite-modified immobilization matrix for an enzyme electrode. Chenghong
34
Lei, Zhanen Zhang, HAIYING LIU and Jiaqi
ELECTROCHEMICAL CHEMISTRY, 419 (1996) 93-98.
Deng,
JOURNAL
OF
59) Characteristics of regenerated silk fibroin membrane in its application to the
immobilization of glucose oxidase and preparation of a p-benzoquinone mediating sensor
for glucose. Jianhong Qian, Yongcheng Liu, HAIYING LIU, Tonyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng,
FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 354 (1996) 173-178.
60) Biosensoring of hydrogen peroxide using new methylene blue N incorporated in a
montmorillonite-modified horseradish peroxidase immobilization matrix as an electron
shuttle. Chenghong Lei, Zhanen Zhang, HAIYING LIU, Jilie Kong and Jiaqi Deng,
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA, 332 (1996) 73-81
61) Entrapment of both glucose oxidase and peroxidase in regenerated silk fibroin membrane
(characterization of the membrane structure and its application to an amperometric
glucose sensor employing methylene green as an electron transfer mediator. Yongcheng
Liu, HAIYING LIU, Jianghong Qian, Jiaqi Deng an d Tongyin Yu, FRESENIUS
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 355 (1996) 78-82.
62) Immobilization of glucose oxidase onto the blend membrane of poly(vinyl alcohol) and
regenerated silk fibroin: morphology and application to glucose biosensor. Yongcheng
Liu, Xiaohua Zhang, HAIYING LIU, Tongyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng, JOURNAL OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY, 46 (1996) 131-138.
63) An amperometric new methylene blue N-mediating sensor for hydrogen peroxide based
on regenerated silk fibroin as an immobilization matrix for peroxidase. Jianhong Qian,
Yongcheng Liu, HAIYING LIU, Tongyin Yu, Jiaqi Deng, ANALYTICAL
BIOCHEMISTRY, 236 (2) (1996) 208-214.
64) Structure and properties of the composite membrane of regenerated silk fibroin and PVA
and its application to amperometric tetrathiafulvalene-mediating glucose sensor.
Yongcheng Liu, HAIYING LIU, Jianhong Qian, Jiaqi Deng, Tongyin Yu, JOURNAL OF
MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY, A33 ( 2)
(1996) 209-219.
65) Amperometric glucose sensor using tetrathiafulvalene in Nafion gel as electron shuttle.
Haiying Liu and Jiaqi Deng, ANALYTICA Chimica Acta, 300 (199 5) 65-70.
66) Characterization of regenerated silk fibroin membrane for immobilizing peroxidase and
construction of an amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor employing phenazine
methosulfate as electron shuttle. Jianhong Qian, Yongcheng Liu, HAIYING LIU,
Tongyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng, JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMI STRY,
397 (1-2) (1995) 157-162.
67) An amperometric lactate sensor employing tetrathiafulvalene in Nafion film as electron
shuttle. HAIYING LIU and Jiaqi Deng, ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA, 40 (1995) 18451849.
35
68) Characterization of regenerated silk fibroin membranes for immobilizing glucose oxidase
and construction of a tetrathiafulvalene-mediating glucose sensor. Tongyin Yu,
HAIYING LIU, Jiaqi Deng and Yongcheng Liu, JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER
SCIENCE, 58 (1995) 973-980.
69) Nickelocene-mediating sensor for hydrogen peroxide based on bioelectrocatalytic
reduction of hydrogen peroxide. HAIYING LIU, Jianghong Qian, Yongcheng Liu,
Tongyin Yu and Jiaqi Deng, ANALYTICAL PROCEEDINGS, 32 (1995) 475-477.
70) Structure of the blend membrane of regenerated silk fibroin and glucose-oxidase and its
application to glucose sensor. Xiaolian Zhang, HAIYING LIU, Yongcheng Liu, Jiaqi
Deng and Tongyin Yu, ANALYTICAL LETTERS, 28 (1995) 1593-1609.
71) Regenerated silk fibroin membrane as immobilization matrix for peroxidase and
fabrication of a sensor for hydrogen peroxide utilizing methylene blue as electron shuttle.
Yongcheng Liu, HAIYING LIU, Jianghong Qian, Jiaqi Deng and Tongyin Yu,
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA, 316 (1995) 65-72.
72) An amperometric lactate sensor using tetrathiafulvalene in polyester ionomer film as
electron transfer. HAIYING LIU, Jilei Kong and Jiaqi Deng, ANALYTICAL LETTERS,
28(4) (1995) 563-579.
73) Cyclic voltammetric response of tetrathiafulvalene-glucose oxidase-modified electrode
and results for digital simulation. Jilie kong, HAIYING LIU and Jiaqi Deng,
ANALYTICAL LETTERS, 28 (1995) 1339-1357.
36