The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full
facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of
habitual
ct-matter in his field of
)
an inquiring mind,wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic
principles of new d
speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others
prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if
techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for
an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to
one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability
is frequently
i.e.
the processi
the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage
s,
should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is
restricted to
an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not
0)
translator.
26. A. application
27. A. More than
28. A. of
29. A. should
30. A. familiariy
31. A. change
32. A. lacked
33. A. essential
34. A. over
35. A. deal
36. A. however
37. A. knowing
38. A. refers
39. A. matter
40. A. characteristics
B. use
B. Except fo
B. despite
C. utility
D. usage
C. Because of
D. In addition to
C. for
C. because
D. if
C. knowledge
C. turn
C. faced
D. confronted
C. advantageous
C. rather than
C. work
C. consequently
C. know
C. applies
D. amounts
C. harm
People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that
it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and ____26 a very simple affair in
the beginning. ______27 when we observe the language behavior of ____28 we regard as
primitive cultures, we find it _____29 complicates. It was believes that an Eskimo must have at
the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words ___30 to get along reasonably well,
much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. ______31,
These Eskimo words are far more highly inflected （词尾变化的）than _____32 of any
Of the well-known European languages, for a ___33 noun can be spoken or written in ______34
hundred different forms, each ___35 a precise meaning different from that of any other. The forms
of the verbs are even more _____36. The Eskimo language is, therefore, one of the most difficult
in the world to learn, ______37 the result that almost no traders or explorers have ___38 tried to
learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a
jargon ___39 to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600
uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English,
Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually _____by travelers
as the Eskimo language.
26. A. must be
B. must have been
C. ought to be
D. should be
27. A. However
B. Therefore
C. probably
D. undoubtedly
28. A. whose
B. that
C. which
D. what
29. A. conspicuously B. usually
C. surprisingly
D. sufficiently
30. A. so as
B. so that
C. as such
D. as well as
31. A. However
B. Moreover
C. Though
D. Therefore
32. A. the others B. all others
C. these
D. those
33. A. single
B. singular
C. plural
D. compound
34. A. some
B. several
C. various
D. varied
35. A. getting
B. causing
C. having
D. owning
36. A endless
B. multiple
C. uncountable
D. numerous
37. A. with
B. for
C. owing to
D. as
38. A still
B. indeed
C. just
D. even
39. A. alike
B. similar
C. related
D. relevant
40. A. referred to B. talked about
C. spoken
D. told
During McDonald’s early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet
Burbank potatoes were (26)____, cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. (27)____
the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to cut labour costs, reduce the
number of suppliers, and (28)____ that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant.
McDonald’s began (29)____ to frozen French fries in 1966―and few customers noticed the
difference. (30)____, the change had a profound effect on the nation’s agriculture and diet.
A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial (31)____.
McDonald’s fries now come from huge manufacturing plants (32)____ can process two
million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion (33)____ McDonald’s and the popularity
of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat. 21 世纪教育网
The taste of McDonald’s French fries played a crucial role in the chain’s success―fries are
much more profitable than hamburgers ― and was (34)____ praised by customers,
competitors, and even food critics. Their (35)____ taste does not stem from the kind of
potatoes that McDonald’s (36)____, the technology that processes them, or the restaurant
equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from
the (37)____ large processing companies, and have similar (38)____ in their restaurant
kitchens. The taste of a French fry is (39)____ determined by the cooking oil. For decades
McDonald’s cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93
per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique (40)____.
26. A.scaled
B.stripped
C.peeled
D.sliced
27. A.As
B.Due to
C.Owing to
D.With
28. A.ensue
B.ensure
C.enrich
D.enable
29. A.switching B.diverting
C.modifying
D.altering
30. A.Still
B.Anyway
C.Besides
D.Nevertheless
31. A.brand
B.stuff
C.commodity
D.produce
32. A.this
B.that
C./
D.what
33. A.into
B.from
C.in
D.of
34. A.long
B.only
C.first
D.lonely
35. A.distinctive B.distinct
C.distinguished D.distinguishable
36. A.possesses B.buys
C.acquires
D.grows
37. A.exact
B.identical
C.same
D.alike
38. A.woks
B.pots
C.boilers
D.fryers
39. A.adequateely B.massively
C.plentifully
D.largely
40. A.flavour
B.fragrance
C.smell
D.perfume
The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17
hours’ wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides(26) ____ the hours of darkness. Our
present concern is with how easily and to what extent this(27)____ can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in
the day to working at night is a(28)____ of growing importance in industry where
automation(29)____ round-the-clock working of machines. It normally(30)____ from five days to
one week for a person to adapt to a(31)____ routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the
day and working at night. (32)____, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every
week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine(33)____ he has to change to
another, (34)____ much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very(35) ____.
One answer would seem to be(36)____ periods on each shift, a month, or even three months.
(37)____, recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to
their(38)____ habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to
destroy any(39)____ to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be
to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose(40)____ may persist through
all week-ends and holidays.
26.A.in
27.A.cycle
28.A.problem
29.A.asks
B.with
B.period
B.difficulty
B.invites
C.of
C.circle
C.trouble
C.calls for
D.over
D.round
D.matter
D.reacts to
30.A.takes
31.A.former
32.A.Therefore
33.A.as
34.A.though
35.A.efficiently
36.A.shorter
37.A.So
38.A.new
39.A.change
40.A.wakefulness
B.spends
B.returned
B.Unfortunately
B.when
B.so that
B.good
B.better
B.In short
B.normal
B.return
B.sleep
C.demands
C.reversed
C.In a word
C.then
C.while
C.easily
C.longer
C.Similarly
C.temporary
C.adaptation
C.preference
D.asks
D.regular
D.In comparison
D.than
D.as
D.happily
D.nicer
D.However
D.favourite
D.tendency
D.habit
A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears,
the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on pe
rsonality, most have in mind a(n) “(31) ______ home”. But in general, and especiall
y for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (32) ________ of cash
and location on achieving that idea.Cash (33) ________, in fact, often means that t
he only way of (34) _________ when you leave school is to stay at home for a w
hile until things (35) _________ financially. There are obvious (36) ________of livin
g at home―personal laundry is usually (37) _________ done along with the family
wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (3
8) _________. And there is (39) _________ the responsibility for paying bills, rates,
etc.
On the other hand, (40) _________ depends on how a family gets on. Do your
parents like your friends? You may love your family―(41) _________do you like th
em? Are you prepared to be (42) __________ when your parents ask where you ar
e going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you
cannot manage a(n) (43) _________, and that you finally have the money to leav
e, how do you (44) _________ finding somewhere else to live? If you plan to stay
in your home area, the possibilities are (45) _________well-known to you already.
Friends and the local paper are always (46) _________. If you are going to work i
n a (47) _________ area, again there are the papers―and the accommodation age
ncies, (48) _________ these should be approached with (49) _________. Agencies
are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (50) ________ of the first week’s rent, if y
ou take accommodation they have found for you.
31.
32.
33.
34.
A.
A.
A.
A.
ideal
deficiencies
cut
getting over
B.
B.
B.
B.
perfect
weaknesses
shortage
getting in
C. imaginary
C. insufficiencies
C. lack
C. getting back
D. satisfactory
D. limitations
D. drain
D. getting along
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
improve
concerns
still
call in
always
little
and
tolerant
agreement
go about
seldom
dependent
familiar
though
enthusiasm
same
B. enhance
C. develop
D. proceed
b. issues
C. advantages
D. problems
B. always
C. habitually
D. consequently
B. call over
C. call upon
D. call out
B. rarely
C. little
D. sometimes
B. enough
C. many
D. much
B. but
C. still
D. or
B. hostile
C. indifferent
D. good-tempered
B. consensus
C. compromise
D. deal
B. go over
C. go in for
D. go through
B. less
C. probably
D. certainly
B. a good source of information C. of great value D.reliable
B. cold
C. humid
D. new
B. while
C. since
D. as
B. hesitation
C. caution
D. concern
B. equivalent
C. equal
D. similarity
There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most ( 31 ) held is that it is unlucky to walk
under a ladder even if it means (32) the pavement into a busy street! (33) you must pass under a
ladder you can (34) bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35) them crossed until you have seen a
dog. (36) , you may lick your finger and (37) a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at
the shoe until the (38) has dried.
Another common (39) is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house-it will either bring (40)
to the person who opened it or to the whole (41). Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is
(42), as it inevitably brings rain!
The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43) on a
Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44). the worst misfortune that can
happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45) it brings seven years of bad luck! The
superstition is supposed to (46) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the
gods.
Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47) witchcraft.. it is
(48) lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.
Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49) luck. This measure is most
often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as "my car has never
(50) , touch wood?"
31. A broadly
B widely
C quickly
D speedily
32. A running from
B jumping off
C stepping off
D keeping from
33. A If
B As
C Though
D Unless
34. A erase
B remove
C avoid
D ease
35. A keep
B keeping
C kept
D to keep
36. A Consequently
B However
C Comparatively D Alternatively
37. A make
B print
C perform
D produce
38. A label
B symbol
C mark
D cut
39. A argument
40. A loss
41. A house
42. A unwise
43. A falls
44. A away
45. A when
46. A have originated
47. A concerned about
48. A especially
49. A as
50. A broken up
B superstition
B difficulty
B household
B unintelligent
B arrives
B outdoors
B as
B be originating
B related with
B specially
B for
B broken off
C opinion
C tragedy
C home
C unpopular
C drops
C indoors
C if
C be originated
C associated with
C frequently
C in
C broken away
D idea
D misfortune
D circle
D unfortunate
D happens
D far
D though
D originate
D connected in
D rarely
D of
D broken down
Until I took Dr Offutt’s class in DeMatha High school , I was an underachieving student, but I left
that class (31)_______never to underachieve again. He not only
31. A.concerned
B.worried
C.determined
D.decided
Taught me to think,he convinced me,(32)________by example as
32. A. as much
B. much as
C. as such
D. such as
Words that it was my moral (33)_______to do so and to serve
33.A. work
B. job
C. duty
D.obligation
others. (34)_____of us could know how our relationship would
34.A. Both
B. Neither
C. Either
D. Each
(35)_______over the years .When I came back to DeMatha to
35. A. evolve
B. stay
C. remain
D. turn
teach English, I worked for Dr Offutt, the department chair. My
discussion with him were like graduate seminars in adolescent
(36)______,classroom management and school leadership.
36.A.process
B.procedure
C.development
D.movement
After several years, I was (37)_______department chair,
37.A.called
B.named
C.asked
D.invited
and our relationship(38)________again. I thought that it might
38.A. moved
B. altered
C. went
D. shifted
be (39)______chairing the department ,since all of
39.A.awkward
B.uneasy
C.unnatural
D.former
my (40)______English teachers were
40.A. older
B.experienced
C.former
D. /
(41)_______there, but Dr Offutt supported me
41. A. /
B.still
C.even
D.already
(42)_______.He knew when to give me advice
42. A.through
B.throughout
C.at the beginning
D.all the way
(43)_______curriculum, texts and personnel, and when to
43. A.for
B.at
C.over
D.about
let me (44)______my own course.
44. A.chart
B.head
C.describe
D.manage
In 1997,I needed his (45)______about leaving DeMatha
45.A.opinion
B.request
C.permission
D.order
to become principal at another school.(46)_______he had asked
46.A.Even if
B.Although
C.If
D.When
me to stay at DeMatha,I might have .(47)_______,he encouraged
47.A.Naturally
B.Instead
C.consequently
D.Still
me to seize the opportunity.
Five years ago ,I became the principal of DeMatha.(48)________,
48.A.Once again
B.Repeatedly
C.Unusally
D.Unexpectedly
Dr Offutt was there for me, letting me know that I could (49)_______
49.A.count in
B.count down
C.count out
D.count on
him. I have learned from him that great teachers have an inexhaustible
(50)________of lessons to teach.
50.A.stock
B.bank
C.wealth
D.store
Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.
Salt may seem rather a strange (31)____ to use as money, (32)_____ in countries where
the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (33)_____ necessity. Cakes of salt,
stamped to show their (34)____, were used as money in some countries until recent
(35)_____, and cakes of salt (36)____ buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.
Sea shells (37)_____ as money at some time(38)____ another over the greater part of the
Old World. These were (39)___ mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the
Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right
across the (40)___ from East to West.
Metal, valued by weight, (41)____ coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or
rings, is still used in many countries(42)_____ paper money. It can either be
exchanged(43)____ goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money
of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, (44)_____ in flat, round pieces with a hole in
the middle, called "cash". The (45)_____ of these are between three thousand and four
thousand years old - older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.
Nowadays, coins and notes have (46)____ nearly all the more picturesque (47)____ of
money, and (48)____ in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for
future use on ceremonial (49)____ such as weddings and funerals, examples of (50)____
money will soon be found only in museums.
(31) A.
(32) A.
(33) A.
(34) A.
(35) A.
(36) A.
(37) A.
(38) A.
(39) A.
(40) A.
(41) A.
(42) A.
(43) A.
(44) A.
(45) A.
(46) A.
(47) A.
(48) A.
(49) A.
(50) A.
object
B. article
but
B. and
abstract
B. advantageous
weight
B. value
times
B. events
even
B. also
had been used B. are used
and
B. but
collected
B. produced
city
B. district
processed
B. produced
in spite of
B. instead of
against
B. as
often
B. seldom
earlier
B.earliest
replaced
B. reproduced
sizes
B. shapes
while
B. although
events
B. gatherings
original
B. primitive
C. substance
C. so
C. abundant
C. role
C. situations
C. still
C. would be used
C. yet
C. grown
C. community
C. preceded
C. along with
C. in
C. really
C.better
C. reflected
C. formats
C. because
C. occasions
C. historical
D. category
D. even
D. absolute
D. size
D. conditions
D. never
D. would have been used
D. or
D. raised
D. continent
D. proceeded
D. in line with
D. for
D. much
D.best
D. recovered
D. forms
D. if
D. assemblies
D. crude