PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 Scope of work
PAVING WITH PREFABRICATED CONCRETE PAVERS
Section____________
1.2
1.3
References
Shop drawings
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications
.1
.2
.1
.2
.3
American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM]
.1 C979-05 Standard Specification for Pigments for
Integrally Coloured Concrete.
Canadian Standards Association [CSA]
.1 CSA A23.1-04 Concrete Materials and Methods of Concrete
.2 CSA A23.2-04
Construction
Methods of Test and Standard Practices for
Concrete
.3 CSA A23.4-00
.4 CSA A179-04
Precast Concrete - Materials and
Construction
Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
.5 CSA A251-00 [C2005] Qualification Code for Architectural and
Structural Precast Concrete Products
.6 CSA A231.2-95 [R2005] Precast concrete pavers
OPSS ( Ontario Provincial Standard Specification )
.1 OPSS 206
.2 OPSS 314
Grading
Untreated Granular Subbase, Base, Surface,
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
OPSS 350
OPSS 355
OPSS 501
OPSS 1001
OPSS 1002
OPSS 1004
OPSS 1010
.10 OPSS 1860
Shoulder and Stockpiling
Concrete Pavement, Concrete Base and
Subbase
Construction Specification for the Installation of Interlocking Concrete Pavers
Compacting
Aggregates - Generals
Aggregates - Concrete
Aggregates - Miscellaneous
Aggregates – Aggregates – Granular A,B,M and Select Subgrade Material
Geotextiles
.1
This section applies to manual or mechanical laying of precast concrete pavers for vehicle or pedestrian traffic. It also includes specifications for pavers, bedding and joints sand, paving curbs, cleaning products and sealers.
The contractor must supply materials, hardware, equipment and workforce required for the project and, without restrictions, any potential work entailed in this section.
Shop drawings must show the paver layout and model. They also must indicate the relation between fixed installations and paver joints as well as any specific details on scheduled work.
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1.4
1.6
1.5
1.7
PAVING WITH PREFABRICATED CONCRETE PAVERS
Section____________
[Note to editor: Only require shop drawings if special conditions, features or plans make it necessary.]
Technical specifications
.1
.2
Submit the following concrete paver specification sheets:
.1 Test results showing compliance to CSA Standard A231.2-95 [R2005]
.2 Manufacturer’s specifications and installation guidelines.
Submit specifications for sampling, testing, sourcing, granular fill gradation, mineralogical classification and characteristics of the following materials:
.1 Bedding sand
.2 Joint sand
Submit specifications for geotextile membranes, indicating mechanical and physical features for each type used.
Samples
Project mock-up
.3
.1
.2
.1
Submit full-size sample of each type of paver used.
Submit a 1 m x 1 m sample of each type of geotextile used.
.2
Make a 3 m x 3 m paver mock-up before installing units on the area to be paved. This mock-up will be used to determine the live load imposed by the bedding, width of joints, lines, fittings, textures, colours and blend of colours.
After approval by the consultant, this mock-up will constitute the standard for determining job compliance and may be integrated into the project.
Measurements for invoicing purposes
.3
.1
.2
Safeguard this sample for integration into finished project.
Lump sum contract: all work to be paid according to fixed amount indicated in tender.
Price-per-unit contract: all work to be paid according to unit pricing indicated in tender.
[Note to editor: Use paragraph relating to project]
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 Excavation, backfill and grading
2.2 Geotextiles
.1
.1
To meet OPSS 355.
Geotextile to comply with OPSS 1860 and applicable recommendations from geotechnical investigation report.
[Spec note: Selection of specific geotextiles should be made in consultation with a civil engineer]
2.3 Granular subbase
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications
.1 The granular subbase material shall be Granular B according to the requirements of OPSS 1010.
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2.4
2.5
2.6
Granular base
Bedding sand
Joint Sand
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications
PAVING WITH PREFABRICATED CONCRETE PAVERS
Section____________
[Spec note: Thickness and composition of granular subgrade should be determined in consultation with a civil engineer]
.1 The granular base material shall be Granular A according to the requirements of OPSS 1010.
[Spec note: Thickness and composition of granular foundation should be determined in consultation with a civil engineer]
.1 Clean, non-plastic, free from deleterious or foreign matter, natural or manufactured from crushed rock or gravel. Do not use limestone screenings or stone dust.
Gradation requirements for bedding sand shall comply with CSA Standard
A23.1-F04:
Screen size
10 mm
5 mm
2.5 mm
1.25 mm
0.630 mm
0.315 mm
0.160 mm
0.075 mm
Percentage of passing
100
95 to 100
80 to 100
50 to 90
25 to 65
10 to 35
2 to 10
0 to 1
.1
.2
Clean, non-plastic, free from deleterious or foreign matter, natural or manufactured from crushed rock or gravel. Do not use limestone screenings or stone dust.
Stabilized sand for filling joints: pre-bagged manufactured sand with polymer binder, composed of 100% granite material only, free of clay lumps, organic matter or any harmful substance. Gradation requirements for jointfilling material complying with CSA Standard A179-F04:
Screen size
5 mm
2.5 mm
1.25 mm
630 mm
0.315 mm
0.160 mm
0.075 mm
Percentage of passing
100
90 to 100
85 to 100
65 to 95
15 to 80
0 to 35
0 to 1
[Spec note: Select type of joint-filling sand in accordance with intended use of concrete paver surface]
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2.7 Precast concrete pavers
2.8 Paving curbs
2.9 Cleaning products
2.10 Sealing compound
PART 3 - COMPLETION
3.1 Project compliance
3.2 Concrete pavers on
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications
.4
.1
.1
.2
.3
PAVING WITH PREFABRICATED CONCRETE PAVERS
Section____________
.1
.2
Precast concrete pavers: compliant with requirements of CSA A231.2-95 standard [R2005] and subsequent regulations.
Paver type
.1 Dimensions
.2 Texture
.3 Colour
[ ]
[ ] mm x [ ] mm x [ ] mm.
[ ]
[ ]
[ Spec note: Concrete pavers availability to be verified before work.]
[Spec note: Thickness of pavers to be determined in consultation with a qualified civil engineer, in compliance with local regulations regarding paving calculations or Tech Spec sheets, construction details and ICPI evaluation software. Guidelines for calculation and regulations on industrial and maritime harbour applications should be prepared according to ICPI manuals titled Port and Industrial Pavement Design with Concrete Pavers and Airfield Pavement Design with Concrete Pavers [Canadian Edition] for airport applications.]
Permacon precast concrete curbs.
Poured on site concrete curbs, according to section [ ] .
PVC curbs
Approved products: Edgepro Paver Restraints by Dimex
Aluminum curbs
Approved product: StructurEdge by Permaloc.
.1
Approved product: Techniseal cleaner.
[Spec note: Cleaner to be selected in accordance with manufacturer ’s recommendations for product and concrete pavers. Use of inappropriate cleaning products may invalidate manufacturer’s guarantee on precast concrete pavers.]
Approved product: Techniseal sealing compound.
[Spec note: Sealing compounds may be required to improve appearance and facilitate rainfall and pollutants surface runoff, or to prevent removal of joint-filling material when subjected to extreme conditions such as jet blast or slipstream. Sealing compound to be selected in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations for sealer and concrete pavers. Use of inappropriate sealing compounds may invalidate manufacturer’s guarantee on precast concrete pavers.]
.1 Concrete pavers shall be installed in a pattern as specified. Installation of pavers shall meet requirement of OPSS 355 standard specification.
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granular base
3.2.1 Inspection
3.2.2 Excavation, backfill and grading
3.2.3 Geotextiles
.1
.2
.2
.1
PAVING WITH PREFABRICATED CONCRETE PAVERS
Section____________
.1
.1
This section covers precast concrete pavers installation on a granular compacted base.
Inform the consultant after completion of each of the following activities:
.1 Excavation and grading
.2 Subbase
.3 Base
.4 Sand bedding
.5 Paver installation
Have work approved after each activity.
Complete work in accordance with OPSS 206.
Geotextile to be installed as per section [ ] .
Lay geotextile on ground without folds and tuck up edges to protect sides of foundation. Vehicle circulation on the geotextile is forbidden.
3.2.4 Granular subbase and base .1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
Complete work in accordance with OPSS 355.
Ensure that granular subbase and base are levelled and compacted adequately. In the event of non-compliance, inform consultant and only restart work after receiving new instructions from consultant.
Unless specified otherwise, the granular base should exceed the surface to be paved by at least one and a half times its thickness.
To ensure uniform sand bedding thickness, the surface of the granular base shall not deviate by more than 5 mm (plus or minus) from indicated elevation. This shall be measured using a 3 m straight edge. In areas where tolerances are exceeded, adjust level by adding or removing granular fill.
After compaction, the granular base shall offer a uniform and sealed surface such as to avoid loss of sand bedding material.
Ensure that the granular base is not frozen and free of water accumulation before the sand bedding installation.
The consultant shall approve the installation of the granular base before proceeding with the installation of the sand bedding.
[Spec note: The thickness of the subgrade and granular foundation must be determined in consultation with a qualified civil engineer, based on the nature of the ground and loads to bear.]
3.2.5 Laying curbs
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications
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3.2.6 Installation of material for sand bedding
PAVING WITH PREFABRICATED CONCRETE PAVERS
Section____________
Lay curbs in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations. .1
.2 Ensure that alignment and elevations of curbs comply with requirements for laying pavers. In the event of non-compliance, inform consultant and only restart work after receiving new instructions from consultant.
.1 Do not use sand bedding material to correct base deficiencies such as surface irregularities and incorrect elevation.
.2 Spread sand bedding material on the granular base with levelling rulers or equivalent to create a layer 25 mm thick before compacting.
.3
.4
Do not use joint sand as bedding material.
Keep bedding material loose until pavers are to be laid. Scarify, loosen and level every area that are even moderately compacted. Avoid any traffic circulation on bedding after installation.
.5 Ensure that the bedding material is not frozen and that no stagnant water is present before installing pavers.
3.3 Laying concrete pavers
.1 Install pavers according to specified pattern and model. Lay pavers manually or mechanically, taking into account slopes, levels, sizes, layout and pattern as indicated on plans.
.2 Unless specified otherwise, a 5 mm gap should be provided between pavers and curbs.
.3 The alignment of horizontal joints should form a straight line. The maximum deviation shall be no more than 15 mm per 15 metres in length.
.4 Along edges, only use complete units or appropriate ends, angles or edge pavers.
.5 Cut pavers with a masonry saw. Unless specified otherwise in contract documents, only use complete units for the entire paved perimeter (corners, edges, sides, etc.).
.6 Concrete pavers subjected to automobile traffic should not be cut by more than a third of their overall size.
.7 Avoid any circulation of machinery, vehicles or other equipment on concrete pavers before their joints are vibrated and filled. Position paver pallets and other material in order to avoid damaging pavers or exceeding their load capacity.
.8 Inspect installed pavers and replace all units that are spalled, broken or damaged in accordance with the consultant’s instructions.
.9
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications
Tamp down concrete paver surfaces with a low-range, high-speed vibrating plate compactor with centrifugal compacting strength of at least 18 kN at a frequency of 75 to 100 Hz in order to settle pavers in the bedding. Use the
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3.4 Clean-up
3.5 Applying sealing compound
PAVING WITH PREFABRICATED CONCRETE PAVERS
Section____________
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.2
.3
.15
.16
.1
.2
.3
.1 vibrating plate compactor at least three times in different directions.
Spread, fill and simultaneously vibrate the sand in the joints. Continue to spread joint sand and tamp down pavers with vibrating plate compactor until joints are completely filled. The vibrating plate compactor must not be used closer than 1 m from the edge of unsecured pavers.
Stop laying pavers within 1 m of the edge of the surface to be paved. Fill joints with sand after each stage of the job.
When installation of pavers is complete, sweep away surplus joint sand.
After construction traffic is re-established, continue to fill joints for several days to compensate for any settling and further compaction of sand in joints.
The finished level of the paved surface should not deviate more than

5 mm, measured with a 3 m ruler.
The paved surface should exceed by 3 to 4 mm above catch basin grates, drainage channels and adjacent concrete sleeves.
Ensure that the elevation of the paved area meets specifications.
Remove any non-adhering foreign matter from paved surface.
Apply cleaning products as stipulated in manufacturer’s recommendations.
Remove all stains (if applicable).
Ensure surface of pavers to be coated is dry, clean, properly prepared and free of efflorescence or foreign matter.
Apply sealing compound as stipulated in manufacturer’s recommendations.
Avoid traffic on coated surfaces, until sealing compound is dry and hard.
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications
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