Chapter test—Chapter 6 Genetics: How
significant is your genetic make-up in
determining who you are?
This test is a mixture of multiple choice questions and short answer
questions. For the multiple choice questions, please circle the correct
answer. For the short answer questions, please write on the lines
provided. Each of the multiple choice questions is worth one mark. The
short answer questions have their marks allocated next to the question.
1
2
3
4
5
Proteins are made up of:
a
amino acids
b
carbohydrates
c
bases
d
codons.
A codon consists of how many bases?
a
2
b
3
c
6
d
20
Which of the following is true?
a
Protein synthesis and translation are the first and second stages of transcription.
b
Transcription and translation are the first and second stages of protein synthesis.
c
Translation and transcription are the first and second stages of protein synthesis.
d
Protein synthesis and transcription are the first and second stages of translation.
To become a fully functional protein, a polypeptide chain must be:
a
folded into a specific three-dimensional shape
b
replicated
c
decoded into a series of groups of three nitrogenous bases
d
split into its individual amino acids.
Which of the following is true for both meiosis and mitosis?
a
They produce two daughter cells per division.
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6
7
8
9
b
They involve the replication of DNA.
c
They produce four daughter cells per division.
d
They occur in all the cells in the body.
A recessive trait is one that is expressed in a:
a
heterozygous individual where they have two different alleles, but only one allele is expressed
b
heterozygous individual where they have two of the same alleles, and that allele is expressed
c
homozygous individual where they have two different alleles, but only one allele is expressed
d
homozygous individual where they have two of the same alleles, and that allele is expressed.
A sex-linked trait is one that:
a
only affects females
b
only affects males
c
is caused by a gene carried on the X chromosome
d
affects the sex organs of the female.
An autosomal trait is one carried on:
a
every chromosome
b
chromosome 23
c
chromosomes 1–22
d
none of the above.
Let us say that the gene that codes for normal-type wings in fruit flies has the symbol ‘N’ and the gene that
codes for vestigial (stunted) wings has the symbol ‘n’. The phenotype of heterozygous flies would be:
a
Nn
b
normal wings
c
vestigial wings
d
NN
10 Let us say that the gene that codes for normal-type wings in fruit flies has the symbol ‘N’ and the gene that
codes for vestigial (stunted) wings has the symbol ‘n’. The genotype of vestigial wing flies would be:
a
Nn
b
NN
c
nN
d
nn
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11 In a cross between two homozygous dominant individuals, the chance of a heterozygous child is:
a
0%
b
50%
c
75%
d
100%
12 In this pedigree the trait shown by the affected individuals would be:
a
recessive
b
dominant
c
either recessive or dominant
d
neither recessive or dominant
13 The genotypes and phenotypes of the ABO blood group are as follows:
genotype
IAIA
IAi
IAIB
IBIB
IBi
ii
phenotype
A
A
AB
B
B
O
A female with blood group AB and a male with blood group O have a child. The child is:
a
most likely to have blood group A
b
most likely to have blood group O
c
most likely to have blood group B
d
equally likely to have blood group B or blood group A.
14 In rabbits normal colour (C) is dominant to albino (c). A boy crossed a normal rabbit that has one albino
gene with an albino rabbit. The offspring would be expected to be:
a
all normal colour
b
all albino
c
75% normal colour and 25% albino
d
50% normal colour and 50% albino.
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15 In this Punnett square how many different phenotypes are there?
P1
N
n
N
NN
Nn
n
Nn
nn
P2
a
2
b
3
c
4
d
8
16 Two heterozygous individuals are bred. The next generation is expected to be:
a
all homozygous recessive
b
all heterozygous
c
50% homozygous recessive and 50% homozygous dominant
d
25% homozygous recessive, 50% heterozygous and 25% homozygous dominant.
17 Which of the following is correct?
a
Males have two X chromosomes and females have an X and a Y chromosome.
b
Females have two X chromosomes and males have an X and a Y chromosome.
c
Males have two Y chromosomes and females have an X and a Y chromosome.
d
Females have two X chromosomes and males have two Y chromosomes.
18 Detecting the genes for cystic fibrosis in a newborn baby is an example of:
a
gene therapy
b
nuclear transfer
c
genetic testing
d
DNA profiling.
19 The type of cells that might be used in the future to treat diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis and
spinal cord injuries are:
a
embryonic stem cells
b
adult stem cells
c
nerve cells
d
all of the above.
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20 Plants that have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits are known as:
a
embryonic stem cells
b
adult stem cells
c
genetically modified organisms
d
transgenic organisms.
21 What were the main outcomes of the Human Genome Project? (2 marks)
22 What are the challenges facing scientists now regarding the Human Genome Project? (2 marks)
23 Complete the following by writing the correct word or phrase in the spaces. (4 marks)
A ______________________ is a visual depiction of the set of chromosomes present in the nucleus of one cell.
A double-stranded chromosome is made up of two _____________________ ____________________
joined at the ______________________.
24 Amniocentesis is a procedure that is often done during pregnancy. Why would it be done? (2 marks)
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25 This diagram shows the stages involved in one type of cell division. (3 marks)
a
Which type of cell division is shown in this diagram? Give a reason for your answer.
b
Give an example of a human cell that would undergo this type of cell division.
26 In the table below give 3 ways mitosis differs from meiosis? (3 marks)
Mitosis
27 a
b
Meiosis
Which type of cell division is involved in growth and cell replacement? (1 mark)
Which type of cell division produces sex cells? (1 mark)
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28 If a baby koala has 16 chromosomes in each body cell: (5 marks)
a
The diploid number of a koala is?
b
How many autosomes would it have in a body cell?
c
The haploid number of a koala is?
d
How many chromosomes did it receive from each parent?
e
How many autosomes would it have in a sex cell?
29 What 2 factors affect the phenotype of an organism? (2 marks)
30 With the aid of examples, explain what is meant by: (4 marks)
a
alleles
b
homozygous
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31 ‘A dominant trait is one that is expressed by a greater percentage of the population and a recessive trait is
one that is expressed by a very small percentage of the population.’
Is this statement true or false? Give reasons for your answer. (3 marks)
32 a
b
What is meant by the term ‘carrier’ in genetics. (2 marks)
Can a male be a carrier for an X-linked trait? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
33 Explain each of the following symbols used in pedigrees: (3 marks)
a
b
c
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34 A child affected by achondroplasia, the most common form of dwarfism, must have at least one affected
parent (assuming a spontaneous mutation has not occurred). (4 marks)
a
What type of the four traits is achondroplasia?
b
Explain why there must be at least one affected parent. Use the letter ‘a’ for normal height and ‘A’ for
achondroplasia.
35 a
b
Explain the role of a genetic counsellor. (2 marks)
How do you think parents thinking of having a child use the information provided by a genetic
counsellor? (2 marks)
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36 Mendel discovered that in pea plants the green pea pod is dominant over the yellow pea pod.
Using ‘G’ to represent the allele for green pea pods and ‘g’ to represent the allele for yellow pea pods, write
the genotypes for: (4 marks)
a
homozygous plant with yellow pea pods _______________________________
b
a heterozygous plant ___________________________
c
complete the Punnett square to represent the cross of two heterozygous plants.
P1
G
g
P2
G
G
37 In a particular breed of dog, erect ears (E) is dominant and drooping ears (e) is recessive. A droopy-eared
bitch (female) is mated with an erect-eared dog. They have 2 female and 2 male offspring, 2 of which have
the erect ears trait. Draw a pedigree chart for the dominant trait. (4 marks)
38. a
What is a mutation?
b
What is a mutagen?
(3 marks)
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39 How can a mutation be beneficial to a population? (2 marks)
40 Suppose you could clone your pet guinea pig. Would the clone be identical to your pet? Explain your
answer. (2 marks)
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