GALLIPOLI
From Above
The Untold Story
PROGRAMME LENGTH
1 hour
SCREENING DETAILS
Monday March 4 at 9.30am EST/ NZ
Did the ANZACs land in the right place? Was there a massacre on the beach at Anzac
Cove? Did the British needlessly sacrifice our young men? Most Australians would
have ready answers to these and other such questions.
In this program Hugh Dolan uses his background in military intelligence to reexamine the events of April 1915. His conclusions provide much “food for thought”.
All Australians will probably find that their view of Gallipoli will be challenged to its
core by this program. A viewing and critique of this program could be a wonderful
introduction to any course that concerns itself with historiography.
Denis Mootz
STAYING FOCUSED.
This is the data collection stage of the activity.
The detailed questioning is designed to ensure that students decode the visual and aural materials
presented to them in the video.
The video programs can be stopped at the end of each section. This will allow students to share and
discuss answers.
Introduction.
Note the elements of the story of the landing at Gallipoli.
Note what inspired Hugh Dolan’s interest in Gallipoli. Implications?
Note Dolan’s description of the landing at Gallipoli. Implications?
Act 1.
Why did young men volunteer in 1914?
Note Charles White.
Where did they think they were going?
Note the two groups that went to war in 1914.
Why did Turkey join the Germans? Result?
Note details of Canakkale and the “gateway” to Constantinople.
Note details of Clarence Palmer.
Why was Palmer uneasy and angry in 1914? Result?
Why was the intelligence collected by Palmer so important?
Note details of the Dardanelles and the Straits.
Why was there a British fleet at Tenedos?
Why was the occupation of Constantinople/Istanbul so important?
Note how the Dardanelles was guarded.
Note Palmer’s map. Significance?
Note the comment from C.E.W. Bean.
Note details of the attempt to force the Straits.
Note details of HMS Arkroyal.
What role did Harry Strange and the planes from Arkroyal play? Result? Implications?
What did Sir Hamilton conclude from this defeat? Result?
What did General Otto Liman von Sanders also conclude? Result?
Act 2.
Why were the ANZACs diverted to Egypt? Result?
Note details of Major Charles Villiers-Stuart.
What were the ANZACs told about their destination?
Note details of Lemnos Island.
Note the forces assembled at Lemnos.
Note how the ANZACs were trained.
Note details of the plan for the invasion.
Note the role of the ANZACs.
Note the area included in “Z beach”.
Note the details of General William Bridges.
Note the plan formulated by Bridges and his staff.
What was Villiers-Stuart’s responsibility? Implications?
Why did Bridges and Villiers-Stuart want to take a look at “Z Beach”? Result?
Note details of Commander Charles Samson.
Note how Villiers-Stuart was equipped for his flight above “Z Beach”.
What does Villiers-Stuart conclude from his flight? Result?
Note details of the map used as the basis for Villiers-Stuart’s model.
What does General Bridges conclude from Villiers-Stuart’s model?
Note Bridges’s suggestion to Hamilton. Implications?
Why was aerial reconnaissance crucial at this point? Result?
Note the details of the defenses of Gaba Tepe. Implications?
What else does Villiers-Stuart recognize from the aerial photos? Implications? Result?
Note details of the “defenses” of the village of Boghali (Bigali). Implication?
Note the objective set for the ANZACs. Implications?
Note the objectives set for Colonel Sinclair-MacLagan.
Why were times of “moon set” and dawn so important to this plan?
What did Hamilton conclude from the aerial photos? Result?
Why did Samson take Theodore Brodie on a flight? Result?
Note the fate of Brodie and his submarine.
Why was Clarence Palmer on Brodie’s submarine? Result?
Why did Palmer “turn traitor”? Implications? Result?
Why was the landing delayed? Result? Implications?
Why was this a “personal” concern for Villiers-Stuart?
Act 3.
Note the details of the preparations for the landing.
Note Hamilton’s concerns about the landing.
Note the British landings at X, Y, W, V and S beaches.
What was the mission of the fleet at Bulair? Result?
Note Clarence Palmer’s role in this deception. Implications?
Note how the troops were prepared for the landing.
Note how the landing was made. Result?
How did the Turks react to the landing at “Z beach”? Result?
Note the arguments about the landing spot.
Note Dolan’s comments on this controversy.
Was the landing successful? Why?
When did C.E.W. Bean arrive?
Note the photograph of the beach. Implications?
Where was the massacre at Gallipoli?
Why had the British “pounded” the landing site at “V beach”? Result?
Note the action of the “River Clyde”. Result?
Note Charles Samson’s comments on the events at V beach.
Act 4.
How had the ANZACs fared inland from “Z beach”? Result?
Note the role of Mustafa Kemal at Gallipoli.
Why did Kemal attack the ANZACs above “Z beach”? Result?
Note the fate of Samson and his seaplane.
Note the recommendation of General Bridges on 24 April 1915.
Note Hamilton’s response. Implications? Result?
Note how close the ANZACs got to their final objective. Implications?
Note the fate of General Bridges.
Note the fate of Clarence Palmer.
Note Dolan’s final comments on the landing. Implications?
Note the fate of Charles Villiers-Stuart.
Note the fate of Charlie White.
EXTENSIONS.
Useful, interesting, challenging, books, sources and websites will provide materials to supplement and
complement the History presented in the video program.
The data collected here should be used in the notemaking below.
Some useful Internet sites:
WW1: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I
http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/ww1/ww1-00.html
The Dardanelles Plan: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign
http://www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/commemorations/education/Documents/Gallipoli_Anzacs_Unit2.p
df
http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/dardanelles.htm
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/gallipoli.htm
http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/dardanelles_mar15.htm
http://www.worldwar1atsea.net/WW1CampaignsDardanelles.htm
http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/records/awmohww1/aif/vol1/awmohww1-aif-vol1-ch11.pdf
The Gallipoli Landing: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landing_at_Anzac_Cove
http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/1landing/
http://www.abc.net.au/innovation/gallipoli/
http://www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/commemorations/education/Documents/Gallipoli_Anzacs_Unit3.p
df
http://www.awm.gov.au/blog/2009/04/23/the-gallipoli-landing-and-the-first-anzac-day/
http://www.zbeach.com.au/order/product-category/true-comics-issue-1-gallipoli-the-landing/
http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/records/awmohww1/aif/vol1/awmohww1-aif-vol1-ch12.pdf
http://www.rusinsw.org.au/Papers/20110428.pdf
General Sir Ian Hamilton: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Standish_Monteith_Hamilton
http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/hamilton.htm
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWhamilton.htm
http://www.1914-1918.net/hamiltons_gallipoli_despatch_3.html
General William Bridges: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bridges_(general)
http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/bridges.htm
http://www.awm.gov.au/people/8040.asp
http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bridges-sir-william-throsby-5355
Major Charles Villiers-Stuart:
http://www.smh.com.au/national/success-not-failure-is-the-real-anzac-story-20100806-11oio.html
http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/wings-over-gallipoli-our-stealth-mission-revealed-201204231xhpg.html
http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/gmaps/landing/maclaurin.asp
Mustafa Kemal: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk
http://www.gallipoli.net.au/landing.html
http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/ataturk.asp
Charles Palmer:
http://www.smh.com.au/national/gallipoli-enigma-forgotten-role-of-urbane-british-spy-exposed-indocumentary-20120421-1xdoh.html
C.E.W. Bean: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bean
http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/bean.htm
http://www.smh.com.au/gallipoli/bean/bean.htm
The ANZAC Legend: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZAC_spirit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis_Ashmead-Bartlett
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_War_Records_Section
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial
http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/dawn/plan/
NOTEMAKING.
This is the collation stage of the activity. Students need to organise the field of information and begin to
explore its context.
Directions and /or Inquiry questions are provided for notemaking / summary exercises that
will follow the viewing of the video.
The materials / data for the summaries have been collected above.
The activity could be done in teams, groups, or by individuals, or as a class with teacher direction.
1. Draw up a timeline / chronological chart of the events described and discussed in this program.
2. Note details of the main combatants in WW1.
3. Note details of the alliance between Germany and the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire.
4. Note details of the “Dardanelles Plan”.
5. Note details of the planning and execution of the ANZAC landing at “Z beach”.
6. Note details of the planning and execution of the British landings at Cape Hellas.
7. Note details of the role of military intelligence in these landings.
8. Note details of the “official” description of the ANZAC landing at Gallipoli.
9. Note details of the role of C.E.W. Bean in the memorialization of ANZAC.
ISSUES & INQUIRY.
Key issues and inquiry questions that have been raised by the video are addressed at this stage for
discussion and research.
1. What was the objective of the invasion of Turkey?
2. What use was made of the military intelligence available to the planners of the invasion of
Turkey?
PROBLEMS of EVIDENCE.
Questions of reliability and validity of the perspectives, evidence and sources presented in the video
program need to be considered, tested and researched.
1. Why did the ANZACs land at “Z beach”?
2. How did the Australians change the plan for landing at “Z beach”? Result?
COMMUNICATING.
The key issues and inquiry questions are potential topics for debate, essay writing, reports, historical
recount and explanation.
1. Write a REPORT on C.E.W. Bean.
2. Prepare notes (both sides) for a DEBATE of the proposition that
The ANZAC legend, true or not, is the foundation of being Australian.
3. How has Hugh Dolan’s research changed our view of the ANZACs at Gallipoli?