Chapter 19, 20 & 21 Review Oceans, Basins, Currents
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Modern oceanography began with
a. the JOIDES Resolution.
b. the Japanese ship CHIKYU.
c. the HMS Challenger.
d. the use of sonar.
____
2. Scientists use sonar to
a. measure the temperature of ocean water.
b. calculate the depth of the ocean floor.
c. photograph ocean organisms.
d. obtain samples from the ocean floor.
____
3. To see the bottom of the ocean for himself or herself while remaining connected to a research ship, a scientist
would use
a. a submarine robot.
c. sonar.
b. a bathysphere.
d. a bathyscaph.
____
4. The flattest regions on Earth are
a. trenches.
b. seamounts.
c. mid-ocean ridges.
d. abyssal plains.
5. The deepest place in Earth’s crust is a(n)
a. abyssal plain.
b. seamount.
c. trench.
d. submarine canyon.
____
____
6. Sediments from rivers spread over the deep-ocean basins by means of
a. icebergs.
c. wind.
b. chemical reactions.
d. turbidity currents.
____
7. The deepest and largest ocean on Earth is the
a. Atlantic.
b. Pacific.
c. Indian.
d. Southern.
8. Most river sediments are deposited
a. on the shore and continental shelf.
b. in the deep-ocean basins.
c. on abyssal plains.
d. on the continental rise.
____
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9. Which is NOT a tool used by scientists to study the deep ocean?
a. drilling ship
c. seamount
b. bathyscaph
d. sonar
____ 10. The average depth of water covering a continental shelf is
a. .12 m.
c. 60 m.
b. 5 m.
d. 1,000 m.
____ 11. Most oxygen enters the ocean from
a. underwater volcanoes.
b. streams and rivers.
c. the atmosphere.
d. sea life.
____ 12. Gases dissolve most easily in
a. shallow ocean water.
b. salty ocean water.
c. warm ocean water.
d. cold ocean water.
____ 13. As deep ocean water becomes colder, it also becomes
a. saltier.
c. clearer.
b. denser.
d. lighter.
____ 14. Two factors that affect the salinity of ocean water are
a. density and light.
c. density and chemicals.
b. density and energy.
d. density and temperature.
____ 15. Which of the following live in the pelagic zone?
a. sponges
c. marine mammals
b. worms
d. sea lilies
____ 16. Most offshore oil and petroleum deposits are found
a. on the abyssal floor.
c. along continental margins.
b. on the continental shelf.
d. under the ocean basin.
____ 17. Raising aquatic plants and animals for human consumption is
a. farming.
c. aquaculture.
b. agriculture.
d. water farming.
____ 18. The process of removing salt from ocean water is called
a. desalination.
c. purifying.
b. freshening.
d. aqua filtering.
____ 19. The two principal gases dissolved in ocean water are
a. carbon dioxide and oxygen.
c. hydrogen and nitrogen.
b. oxygen and hydrogen.
d. nitrogen and oxygen.
____ 20. By studying variations in color in the ocean, scientists can determine the presence of
a. sea mammals.
c. oxygen.
b. phytoplankton.
d. trace elements.
____ 21. Plankton are the foundation of life in the ocean because they
a. are at the top of the ocean food chain.
b. establish a proper environment for all sea life.
c. balance the chemical composition of the ocean habitat.
d. form the base of the ocean food chain.
____ 22. What is the name for the movement of deep, cold an nutrient-rich water to the surface?
a. upwelling
c. thermocline
b. benthos
d. desalination
____ 23. All organisms that swim actively in open water are called
a. nekton.
c. plankton.
b. benthos.
d. aquaculture.
____ 24. When surface ocean water is warmed by solar energy, its density
a. increases.
c. is unchanged.
b. decreases.
d. triples.
____ 25. Although most wavelengths of visible light are absorbed at varying degrees by ocean water and microscopic
sea life, the one color that is most reflected is
a. red.
c. violet.
b. green.
d. blue.
____ 26. Which of the following causes gyres to form?
a. deep currents
c. the Equatorial Countercurrent
b. the Coriolis effect
d. West Wind Drift
____ 27. One characteristic of the Antarctic Bottom Water is
a. warmth.
c. high density.
b. low salinity.
d. swiftness.
____ 28. High evaporation and low rainfall in summer cause the Mediterranean Sea to have
a. lower salinity and higher density.
c. lower salinity and higher turbidity.
b. higher salinity and higher density.
d. lower salinity and lower density.
____ 29. Two consecutive wave crests pass a given point in one
a. wavelength.
c. wave period.
b. swell.
d. trough.
____ 30. The factors that determine the size of a wave are wind speed, fetch, and
a. the length of time the wind blows.
b. water temperature.
c. water salinity.
d. amount of sediment on the ocean floor.
____ 31. The distance that wind blows across an area of the sea to generate waves is known as
a. wavelength.
c. tide.
b. fetch.
d. wave period.
____ 32. The major cause of tides is the
a. Earth’s rotation.
b. gravitational pull of the moon on Earth and its waters.
c. Earth’s revolution around the sun.
d. tidal bulge of Earth.
____ 33. The tidal current that flows toward the ocean is called
a. ebb tide.
c. slack water.
b. flood tide.
d. tidal bore.
____ 34. If high tide is at 4:00 p.m. today, at about what time will high tide occur tomorrow?
a. 4:00 a.m.
c. 4:25 p.m.
b. 3:10 p.m.
d. 4:50 p.m.
____ 35. The curving of the path of ocean currents and wind belts is called
a. tidal oscillation.
c. refraction.
b. the Gulf Stream.
d. the Coriolis effect.
____ 36. Which of the following forms when water from large breakers returns to the ocean through channels that cut
through underwater sandbars?
a. undertow
c. longshore current
b. rip current
d. turbidity current
____ 37. The highest point of a wave is its
a. trough.
b. wave height.
c. crest.
d. wave period.
____ 38. The swift, warm current that flows northward along the east coast of the United States is called the
a. North Atlantic Current.
c. North Equatorial Current.
b. West Wind Drift.
d. Gulf Stream.
____ 39. Which of the following occurs when the gravity of the sun and moon work against each other to create a small
daily tidal range?
a. spring tides
c. ebb tides
b. neap tides
d. flood tides
____ 40. Most ocean locations have two high tides and two low tides daily because
a. the moon rises about 50 min later each day.
b. the gravitational forces of the sun and moon work against each other.
c. the moon orbits Earth in the same direction that Earth rotates.
d. there are two tidal bulges.