)W3226(
‫אביב‬-‫אוניברסיטת תל‬
‫הפקולטה למדעי החברה‬
‫החוג למדע המדינה‬
‫סמסטר א' תשע"ג‬
108138311301
‫בין דמוקרטיה פופוליסטית לדמוקרטיה ליברלית באמריקה הלטינית‬
‫פרוסמינר‬
‫ד"ר אלברטו ספקטורווסקי‬
:‫חובות‬
‫ השתתפות חובה בכל השיעורים‬‫ כתיבת עבודה פרוסמינרית‬Latin America have sought change through violent and revolutionary means.
Throughout the twentieth century, however, they have demonstrated a historical
predilection for a certain kind of mass political mobilization, which scholars had
found a difficult time in defining it. Is populism democratic or is an attempt against
democracy.
In general terms Populism is the personalist style of politics that oversaw the
rise of mass movements in many Latin American nations. It is generally characterized
by a charismatic leader, a multi-class social base, and an urban setting (though there
have been important rural exceptions). Populism invariably exhibits an eclectic and
ambiguous ideology usually redolent with a tinge of nationalism. Such nationalism
usually defines itself against "another": the world market, multinational corporations,
and neo-liberalism to fill that role. Populist movement flourished in Latin America
between the 1930s and the 1960s, in the so-called "golden age", associated with "men
of the people" such as Juan Perón in Argentina, Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, Lázaro
Cárdenas in Mexico, Eliécer Gaitén in Colombia and Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre in
Peru, Nowadays we are seeinga revival of populism in Latin America as Hugo
Chávez in Venezuela would exemplify.
In this course we shall study the past and present of populism in Latin
America. We start with a theoretical debate about the theoretical differences between
populism fascism and liberal democracy. Then we shall debate the different types of
populism developing in Latin American and we shall stress a new version of neo
liberal populism which made an important impact in Peru and Argentina in the 1990s
Finally we shall cpmpare the revival of populism in the 2000's with the flourishing of
liberal democracy and economic growth in countries such as Uruguay Brzil Chile and
Colombia. The question we shall deal with is which path is Latin America taking
nowadays. Will Latin American countries split between two different types of
democracy? What will be the political impact of this division?
1
‫ היסטוריוגרפיה‬3‫ הגדרות שונות למושגים פופוליזם‬: 1 ‫שבוע‬
Peter Worsley, "Populims". In Joel Krieger (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Politics
of the World, New York and Oxford 1993, pp. 730-731.
Margaret Canovan, "Populism" in Adam and Jessica Kuper (eds.) The Social Science
Encyclopedia, London and New York 1996, pp. 646-648.
Torcuato di Tella S., "Populism and Reform in Latin America, "in Obstacles to
Change in Latin America, ed. Claudio Véis (London, 1965).
Robert H. Dix "Populism: Authoritarian and Democratic". Latin American Research
Review Vol. 20, No. 2, 1985 (29-52).
1198-1191 ‫ המודל אידאלי של פופוליזם‬3‫ פרון והפרוניזם‬:2 ‫שבוע‬
.‫ פרק שלישי‬,‫ פרק ראשון‬,5551 ‫ מודן‬,5511-5591 ,‫ ארגנטינה‬:‫ פופוליזם וכריזמה‬,‫רענן ריין‬

Jeremy Adelman, "Reflections on Argentine Labor and the Rise of Perón",
Bull. Of Latin American Research, Vol. 11, No. 3 (1992);

Daniel James, "October 17th and 18th 1945: Mass Protest, Peronism ant the
Argentine Working Class", Journal of Social History (Spring 1988).
‫ "המקורות האידיאולוגיים של לאומנות השמאל ולאומנות הימין‬,‫אלברטו ספקטורובסקי‬
‫ חברה וזהות‬,)‫ אצל צבי מדין ורענן ריין (עורכים‬,"5591-5511 ‫בארגנטינה בשנים‬
.511-511 '‫) עמ‬5551 ‫ ההקשר האירופי (ת"א‬:‫בארגנטינה‬

*
?‫ האם סוג חדש של פאשיזם‬3‫ פרוניזם‬:8-9 ‫שבוע‬
 Paul H. Lewis, "Was Peron a Fascist? An Inquiry into the Nature of Fascism",
The Journal of Politics, Vol. 42 (1980);
* Walter Little, "The Popular Origins of Peronism", in D. Rock (ed.), Argentina
in the Twentieth Century, London 1975;
* Elena, Eduardo, "What the People Want: State Planning and Political
Participation in Peronist Argentina, 1946-1955, "Journal of Latin American
Studies 37 (2005): 81-108 (‫)קריאת רשות‬.
Marysa Navarro, "Evita and the Crisis of 17 October 1945: A Case Study of
Peronist and Anti-Peronist Mythology", Journal of Latin American Studies,
Vol 12, Part I, 1980, pp. 127-138;
2
‫ קרדנס והלאומיות מרסיקאנית‬3‫ פופוליזם במקסיקו‬:1 ‫שבוע‬

Jorge Basurto, "Populism in Mexico: From Cardenas to Cuauhtémoc",
in Conniff (ed.), Populism in Latin American, pp. 75-96;
*
Knight. Alan, "Populism and Neo-Populism in Latin America,
Especially Mexico, "Journal of Latin American Studies 30 (1980):
225-248.
:‫ פופוליזם בהרי האנדים‬:6 ‫שבוע‬

Steve Stein, "The Paths to Populism in Peru" and Ximena SosaBuchholz, "The Strange Career of Populism in Ecuador" in Conniff
(ed.), Populism in Latin America, pp. 97-116, 138-156.
‫ תקופת וארגס‬3‫ פופוליזם בברזיל‬:7 ‫שבוע‬
Levine, Robert, Father of the Poor. Vargas and his Era (Cambridge
University Press) 1988.
‫ פופוליזם מול מרקסיזם באמל"ט‬:3-1 ‫שבוע‬
Jorge Castaneda, Utopia Unarmed the Latin American left after the
Cold War (Kopf, 1993).
Donald Hodges , The Latin American Revolution: Politics and Strategy
from Apro-Marxism to Guevarism (New York William Morrow 1974)
Ch. 4, 5, 6.
‫ פופוליזם ניאו ליבראלי‬:10-11 ‫שבוע‬
* Philip, G., "The New Populism, Presidentialism and Market-Oriented
Reform in Spanish South America, "Government and Opposition 33
(1988): 81-97.
* Robert, Kenneth, "Neoliberalism and the Transformation of Populism
in Latin America. The Peruvian Case", World Politics 48, No. 1
(1995); 82-116.
Weyland, Kurt, "Neopopulism and Neoliberalism in Latin America:
Unexpected Affinities", Studies in Comparative International
Development 31, No. 3 (1996): 3-31.
3
‫ הפופוליזם המחודש של הוגו צ'אווס או הדמוקרטיה‬:‫ מי השמאל באמל"ט‬:18-12 ‫שבוע‬
‫הליבראלי של לולה בברזיל או החזית העממית באורוגואי‬
Jorge Castaneda Latin America's Left Turn, Foreign Affairs, May June
2006.

Ellner, Steve, "Trade Union Autonomy and the Emergence of a New
Labor Movement in Venezuela Hugo Chaves and the Decline of an
"Exceptional Democracy", ed. Steve Ellner and Miguel Tinker Salas
(Kanham, Md., 2007), 77-98.

Hawkins, Kirl, and David Hansen, "Dependent Civil Society: The
Curculios Bolivarianos in Venezuela, "Latin American Research
Review 41, No. 1 (2006).
*
Spanakos, Anthony Peter, "New Wine, Old Bottles, Flamboyant
Sommelier: Chávez, Citizenship, and Populism, "New Political
Science 30, No. 4 (Dec. 2008): 521-544.
*
Daniela di Piramo, "'Speak for me!' How Populist Leaders Defy
Democracy in Latin America, Global Change, Peace & Security 21,
No. 2 (2009) 179-199).
*
Margaret Canovan, "Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of
Democracy", Political Studies 47 (1999).
*
Conaghan, Catherine, and Carlos de la Torre, "The Permanent
Campaign of Rafael Correa: Making Ecuador's Plebiscitary
Presidency", The International Journal of Press/Politics 13, No. 3
(2008): 267-284.
4