MAHENDRA SUNKARA mahendra@louisville.edu 502-852-1558 http://www.cvd.louisville.edu RESEARCH INTERESTS Synthesis, structural characterization and functionalization of inorganic nanowires/nanotubes for nanodevices, catalysts and drug delivery. Large single crystal growth of gallium nitride and diamond. Understanding nucleation and growth mechanisms of covalent solids using Kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations/early stage experiments/atomic force microscopy/surface spectroscopy. Electrochemisty of conducting diamond, diamondlike carbon and related materials. EDUCATION Ph. D. (1993), Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Thesis Advisors: Prof. John C. Angus and Prof. J. A. Mann, Jr. Thesis Title: “Monte-Carlo Simulation of Diamond Nucleation and Growth” M.S. (1988), Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676 Thesis Advisor: Prof. D-T Chin Thesis Title: “Selective Pulse Plating of Gold and Tin-Lead Alloys” B.Tech (1986), Chemical Engineering, Andhra University, Waltair, India 530013 Secured first rank among the graduating class in chemical engineering. EMPLOYMENT Associate Professor, University of Louisville, Louisville Assistant Professor, University of Louisville, Louisville Consultant, K-Systems Corp., Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton Project Engineer, Faraday Technology, Inc., Dayton Research Assistant, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Graduate Assistant, Clarkson University, Potsdam, N.Y. Chemical Engineer, Hindustan Polymers Ltd., Waltair July ‘02 – Present August ‘96 - July 02 June ’96 - August ‘96 May '93 - June 96 Aug. 88 - May 93 Jan. 87 - Aug. 88 Aug. 86 - Dec. 86 SCIENTIFIC AND HONOR SOCIETIES Member, Materials Research Society (MRS), Electrochemical Society (ECS), American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE), American Society of Metals (ASM), National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), American Vacuum Society (AVS). Listed in International Who’s Who in Professionals, 1999. 1 AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS Best student award (Coromondel Fertilizers Prize) during sophomore and junior years. (1984,1985) Best paper award at Undergraduate Chemical Engineers’ Conference. (1986) National Merit Scholar, India. (1982-1986) NSF CAREER Award in 1999. Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Award in Engineering, ORAU, 1999 Finalist, Alumni Research Scholar, Speed Scientific School, 2000. Top 25 Young People in Louisville, Louisville Magazine, 2002. SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES Initiated an annual workshop on Materials Nanotechnology in the state of Kentucky. Plans to conduct an international workshop on NANOWIRES in June of 2004. Scheduled to be a guest editor for Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (JNN) for a special issue based on the proceedings from the workshop. Reviewed articles submitted to Journal of Crystal Growth, Journal of Crystal Growth & Design, Acta Chimica Analytica, Diamond and Related Materials, Nanotechnology, Advanced Materials, Applied Physics Letters, Journal of American Chemical Society, Electrochemica Acta, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, SMT Conference & MRS annual meeting proceedings. Reviewed proposals (as a panelist and mail-reviewer) submitted to NSF SBIR, MRI & Regular Programs, US Department of State, Kentucky Science & Engineering Foundation (KSEF), US Army and US Department of Energy. Secretary, AICHE Dayton Local Section, 1995-96. Graduate Senator, CWRU (‘89-’92). Chaired sessions at AICHE (Chemical Vapor Deposition – 2001- Present; Initiated and co-chairing a session on “Nanoelectronics-Materials Processing” – 2002- Present, Initiated and Chairing a session on “Synthesis of Inorganic Nanowires and Nanotubes” – 2003), ASM/TMS Materials Week’96 on “Characterization of Coatings” - ultrahard coatings and non-metallic coatings. CONSULTING Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. (KBSI), TX 2000-2001. Optical Dynamics Corp., 2001 – Present. COURSES UNDER DEVELOPMENT (i) (ii) (iii) Chemical Vapor Deposition Computer Applications in Chemical Engineering Thin Films and Surfaces Characterization 2 GRADUATE STUDENTS AND POST-DOCTORAL ASSOCIATES (Since 1997) 1. Mr. Michael Bensing (M. Engg. 1998) Lexmark, KY 2. Mr. Russell Alan Stroud (M. Engg. 1998) Technimet, CT 3. Mr. Prabhakar Koduri (M.S. Aug. 1999) Lexmark, KY 4. Ms. Mayumi Ueno (M.S., May 2000) EPSON, Japan 5. Ms. Sally Eaton (M. Engg., August 1999) Ph.D. CWRU 6. Mr. Shashank Sharma (M.S. Ph.D. May 2003) HP Labs, CA 7. Mr. Hari ChandraSekaran (M.S. Graduated Dec. 2002, Ph.D. expected Dec 2004) 8. Mr. Timothy Learn (M. Engg. 2003) Lexmark, KY 9. Ms. Jieru Xie (M.S.., 2004) UofL Biostatics program, KY 10. Mr. John W. Krawczyk (Lexmark, KY) 11. Ms. Radhika Mani (Ph.D. expected 2004) accepted postdoc at UCSB, CA 12. Mr. Gopinath Bhimarasetti (Ph.D. Expected 2004) 13. Mr. Hongwei Li (Ph.D. expected 2004) 14. Mr. Sreeram Vaddiraju (Ph.D. expected 2005) 15. Mr. Kevin Krogman (M.Engg expected 2004) 16. Ms. Jenny McKim (Ph.D. student) 17. Ms. Rahel Bogale (M.Engg expected 2005) 18. Mr. Randall Lowe (M.Engg expected 2005) 19. Mr. Ryan Thurman (M.Engg expected 2005) 20. Dr. Zhi-Jie Liu Research Associate (2000-2002). 21. Dr. John Chaney Research Scientist (2002 - Present) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN RESEARCH 1.Elaine Yeap (1997), 2. Maria Wadsborn (1997), 3. Sally Eaton (1998), 4. Sofia Strandval (1998), 5. Priya Alexander (1999), 6. Ketan Patel (2000), 7. Charlotte Abrahamson (2000), 8. Jamie Warnick (2003), 9. Matt Houston (2002-2003), 10. Kevin Krogman (2003). 11. Trevor Powers. HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS 1. Priya Alexander (1997) 2. Harish Srinivasan (2002/2003) STUDENT AWARDS Shashank Sharma, Best Ph.D. Dissertation, 2003 (Houchens Prize, U of L) Gopinath Bhimarasetti, Best Poster, Tristate Catalysis Society Meeting, 2003. S. Eaton, J. Krawczyk, T. Learn and R. Lowe (KY Space Grant Fellowships) K. Krogman, Honorable Mention, NSF Graduate Fellowship. PERSONAL Naturalized U.S. Citizen, Married, One child. 3 Pending EXTERNAL RESEARCH GRANTS 1. “Trans-barrier, Controlled Drug Delivery Patch Using Nanopipettes”, NIH R21 program, P.I. (along with C. Paterson and P. Bhattacherjee), $375K (direct costs), 01/01/0512/30/06., Pending. Granted 1. “Scaleable Technology for Hydrogen Production via Photoelectrochemical Splitting of Water”, $104K, P.I., Western Kentucky Energy/Environment Consortium, 07/01/04-06/30/05. In negotiations. 2. “Self-Oriented Crystal Growth of Gallium Nitride on Molten Gallium”, Kentucky Science & Engineering Foundation (KSEF), P.I., $100K, 06/01/04-05/31/06. 3. “High Index Polymers Incorporating Nanoparticles”, P.I., Optical Dynamics Corp., $60K, 06/15/04-05/31/05, Under negotiations for the research agreement. 4. “Advanced Hydrogen Transport Membranes for Vision 21 Fossil Fuel Plants”, P.I., Subcontract from ELTRON/SUDCHEMIE, INC., $57.5K, 06/15/04-12/31/05. 5. “Nanowires with Built-in Heterojunctions”, P.I., Kentcuky Space Grant Consortium (KSGC) Fellowship for Randall Lowe, $18,000, 08/01/04-07/31/05 and NASA Enhanced Connections Program (NASA EPSCoR), $25,000, 08/01/04-07/31/05. 6. “Nanwire Technology for Space Missile Defense”, US Army SMDO, co-PI (along with five other co-PIs), $3 MM, 01/15/04-09/15/05. 7. "Toward University/Industry Collaborative Research Center in Materials Nanotechnology", KSTC, Research Collaboration Grant, P.I. (4 co-PIs), $40K, Aug 1, 2003 - July 30, 2005. 8. “Acquisition of a virtual presence surface-profiling microscope for nanomanipulation and nanoassembly”, NSF, co-P.I., $153,553, 05/01/02-05/01/05 9. REU Supplement to CAREER Grant on Nucleation and Growth of Covalent Solids, NSF, P.I., $12K, 1/01/02-05/01/03 10. “Nanocrystalline Diamond Films”, KSGC, $16,000, P.I., 09/01/02-08/15/03. Fellowship for Timothy Learn. 11. “CORMIT: Corrosion Mitigation in Navy Pipe Flanges”,P.I. for subcontract to Navy’s SBIR Phase II program, $57,500, 09/30/01-09/01/03. KBSI is the prime P.I. 12. “Co-operative Agreement between CAER and UoL regarding the in-vacuo research facility”, CAER, University of Kentucky, $120K, 06/01/01-09/01/03. 4 13. “In-Vacuo Research Facility for Characterizing Materials, Processes and Nanostructures”, P.I., NSF Non-renewable Grant Program, $499,999, (plus $250,000 cash as match from the state of KY and U of L), 08/01/00 – 08/01/03. 14. “A Novel Processing Technique for Growing Bulk Gallium Nitride Ingots from Gallium Melt”, P.I., Single investigator proposal. $305,781 (plus UofL match-$171,386 including $50K for equipment), U.S. AirForce (DEPSCoR Program), 04/01/00-03/30/03. 15. “Large Area Nanolithographic Fabrication of Photonic Components”, co-P.I. (R. Cohn – P.I.), U.S. Army, $101,000, DEPSCoR Program, 05/15/00-05/15/03. 16. “Smart ICCP System for Monitoring and Mitigating Crevice Corrosion in Navy’s Pipe Flanges”, P.I., Knowledge Based Systems, Inc (KBSI), College Station, TX, Mar 01, 2000 – May 2000. $15,183. 17. “CAREER: Nucleation and Growth of Covalent Solids”, P.I., National Science Foundation, CAREER Program, 06/01/99-06/01/03, $459,115 estimated [$235,000 from NSF with additional $25,000 per year available if matched from industry, $25,000 from State for the first year, $25,000 from UofL toward equipment, $55,000 toward student tuition from U of L, $119,115 U of L in-kind support]. 18. “Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapor Deposition (ECRCVD) of Metal and Nitrogen Doped Diamondlike Carbon Films”, P.I., ORAU – Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Award in Engineering for 1999, $10,000 (including $5000 match amount from U of L), 06/01/9906/01/00. 19. “Synthesis and Tribological Characterization of Functionally Gradient Amorphous Carbon Films”, P.I., KY-NASA EPSCoR Program, $25,000, 06/01/99-06/01/00. Extended for another year with $19,171 from NASA-EPSCoR plus $19,171 match from UofL. 08/01/0005/31/00. 20. “Tungsten Doped Amorphous Carbon Films: Synthesis and Tribology Studies”, P.I., $25,000, KY-NASA EPSCoR Program, 07/01/99-06/01/00. 21. “Novel Amorphous Carbon Films for Wear and Lubrication Related Space Applications”, $33,254 (including U of L match: $18,286), P.I., Kentucky NASA EPSCoR Program, July 1, 1998 - July 1, 1999. 22. “Vapor Phase Methods for Growing Single Crystal Quality and N-type Doped Diamond Films”, $20,300 (including U of L contribution: $7, 300), P.I., Kentucky Space Grant Consortium (KSGC), July 1, 1998 - July 1, 1999. 23. “Diamond AFM Tips”, $2000, P.I., Topometrix Corporation, Feb. 1, 1998 - Mar. 31, 1998. 24. “Identification of Factors to Control the Corrosion of Tool Parts inside Packages”, Vermont American, $2800, Nov. 15, 1998 – Jan. 15, 1999. 5 25. “Acquisition of Versatile Non-Contact Surface Profiling Microscopes for Characterizing Microtopographic Surfaces”, NSF, $150,000 ($104,228 from U of L), Co-P.I. (R. Cohn -P.I.), Sept. 01, 97 - Sept. 01, 2000. 26. “In-Situ Removal of Heavy Metals from Vadose Zone Contaminated Soils Using Enhanced Electrokinetics”. P.I. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). SBIR Phase I award. Sept. 07, 1995 - March 7, 1996. 27. “Corrosion Monitoring in Supercritical Water Media”. P.I., National Science Foundation, SBIR Phase I award. $74, 649, Feb. 02, 1995 - March 31, 1996. 28. “Optimization and Characterization of Thin Polymeric Coatings Used on the In-Mold Labels Using EIS”, P.I., Kimberly Clark Corporation for $10,000. Jan. 1, 1995 - Nov. 1, 1995. 29. “In-Situ Removal of Heavy Metals from Vadose Zone Contaminated Soils Using Enhanced Electrokinetics”, P.I., Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), SBIR Phase II, $225,000. (Oct. 1, 1996 - Oct. 1, 1998). Faraday Technology, Inc., Non-transferrable funding to the University. 30. “Advanced Coatings for Rebars”, P.I., Research grant, Federal Highway Administration (Department of Transportation). $75,000. Aug. 15, 1994 - Aug. 15, 1995. INTERNAL RESEARCH GRANTS 1. “Heterojunctions within Nanowires”, $20,000, P.I., Competitive Enhancement Grant (CEG), University of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc.., August 2002- August 2003. 2. “Processing and Modeling of Novel Amorphous Materials”, $15,000, P.I., Competitive Enhancement Grant (CEG), University of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc., July 1, 1998 July 1, 1999. 3. “Novel Metallization and Deposition Schemes for Diamond Films Grown from the Vapor Phase”, P.I., $4,000, Research Initiation Grant (RIG), June 1, 1997 - June 1, 1998. 4. “Hot-Filament Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Advanced Materials”, $2500, P.I., Undergraduate Research Grant (URG), January 1, 1998 - December 31, 1998. 5. Visiting Industrial Scholar Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, $600, March 1997 and Minigrant for Faculty Development, $750, April 1997. EQUIPMENT DONATION 1. AMPLytel Division, $25,000, Two RFCVD reactors (used). 2. Prof. E. Gulari donated a Complete HFCVD reactor 6 U.S. PATENTS 1. U. Graham, S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara and B.H. Davis, “Metal-Oxide Nanowebs: Synthesis and Applications”, Provisional Patent filed,)6/2003, US Patent Applied 06/2004. 2. G. Bhimarasetti, R.C. Mani and M.K. Sunkara, “Carbon Tubular Structures: Method for Making them and Using the Same”, Provisional Patent Application Filed 6/2003. 3. S. Sharma and M.K. Sunkara, “Low Temperature Synthesis Route for Semiconductor Fibers”, U.S. Provisional Patent No. 60/302,062 (06/2000); U.S. Utility Patent Application No. 09/896,834; U.S. Utility Patent Application No. 10/187,460. First one allowed and others are being considered. 4. H. Chandrasekaran, H. Li and M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis of Metal and Metal Based Dielectric Nanowires”, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/425,194. 5. S. Sharma and M.K. Sunkara, “Direct Synthesis of Oxide Nanostructures of Low-Melting Materials”, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/411,116. 6. H. Chandrasekaran and M.K. Sunkara, “Growth of Textured Gallium Nitride Thin Films and Nanowires on Polycrystalline Substrates”, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/376,492. 7. M. Ueno and M.K. Sunkara, “Method of synthesizing metal doped diamond-like carbon films”, U.S. Patent Number 6,669,996, Issued December 30, 2003. 8. E.J. Taylor, C-D. Zhou, R.P. Renz, and M.K. Sunkara, “Electrolytic Unit for Recovery of Heavy Metals”, U.S. Patent No. 5, 599, 437, Feb.4, 1997. 9. M. K. Sunkara, “Sealing Ring with Electrochemical Sensing Electrode”, U.S. Patent No. 5,865,971, March, 1999. PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS AND CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 1. R.C. Mani, M.K. Sunkara, R.Baldwin, J.A. Chaney, G. Bhimarasetti, J.M. Cowley, A.M. Rao, and R.Rao, “Electrochemical Sensing Using Nanocrystalline Graphite Electrode”, Submitted to J. Electrochem. Soc. (2004). 2. J.M. Cowley, R.C. Mani, M.K. Sunkara, M. O’Keefe, and C. Bonnea, “Structures of Carbon Nanocrystals”, Submitted to Chem. Mater. (2004). 3. S. Vaddiraju, S.C. Magana, J.A. Chaney and M.K. Sunkara, “UV-Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) of N-type, Sulfur Co-doped Diamond”, Accepted, Electrochem. and Solid State Lett. (2004). 7 4. S Sharma and M K Sunkara, “Direct Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Silicon Nanowires Using Molten Gallium and Silane Plasma”, Nanotechnology, 15(1), 130-134 (2004). 5. M.K. Sunkara, S. Sharma, H. Chandrasekaran, M. Talbott, K. Krogman, and G. Bhimarasetti, Invited Paper, “Bulk Synthesis of a-SixNyH and a-SixOy Straight and Coiled Nanowires”, J. Mater. Chem., 2004, 14, (Advance Article) DOI: 10.1039/b311887h, 2004. 6. J. Xie, M. K Sunkara, A. Ibragimov, R. Mayer, K. V. Akella, P. Koola, R. Bardsley, "Crevice Corrosion Mitigation Using Impressed Currents", Proceedings of the Tri-Service Corrosion Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, November 17 - 21, 2003, pp 198-209, Published by Navmar Applied Science Corp., Chester, PA, (November 2003). 7. H. Li, H. Chandrasekaran, M. K. Sunkara, “Growth of oriented gallium nitride films on amorphous substrates by self assembly”, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 743, L3.11 (2003). 8. G. Bhimarasetti, R. C. Mani, M. K. Sunkara, K. Rajan, X. Li, “Novel Carbon Nanostructures: Nanopipettes and Nanonozzles”, Proceedings of the Seventh Applied Diamond Conference/Third Frontier Carbon Technology Joint Conference (ADC/FCT 2003), Editors: M. Murakawa, K. Miyoshi, Y. Koga, L. Schaefer, Y. Tzeng, Y. Report Number: NASA/CP003-212319/SUPPL1 E-13906-1/SUPPL1 NAS 1.55:212319/SUPPL1, Published by NASA Glenn Research Center, OH, Paper A 15, (August 2003). 9. G. Bhimarasetti, M. K. Sunkara, U. M. Graham, B. H. Davis, C. Suh and K. Rajan, “Controlled growth of novel carbon tubular structures with built-in junctions”, 220C, Proceedings of the 2003 AICHE annual meeting, San Francisco, USA (Nov 2003). 10. R. C. Mani, M. K. Sunkara and R. P. Baldwin, “Carbon Nanopipettes: Electrochemical Sensors for neurological fluids”, Proceedings of the 2003 AICHE annual meeting, Paper 198f, San Francisco, USA (Nov 2003). 11. G. Bhimarasetti and M. K. Sunkara, “Controlled Growth and Networking of Tapered Carbon Tube Morphologies”, NATO-ASI Nanoengineered and Nanofibrous Materials Proceedings, Antalya, Turkey, (September 1-11 2003), Edited by S. Guceri, V. Kuznetsov, Y. Gogotsi, Kluwer Press, Dordrecht, NL (May 2004).). 12. R. C. Mani, M. K. Sunkara, R. P. Baldwin, “Carbon Nanopipettes: Synthesis and Electrochemical properties”, NATO-ASI Nanoengineered and Nanofibrous Materials Proceedings, Antalya, Turkey, (September 1-11 2003), Edited by S. Guceri, V. Kuznetsov, Y. Gogotsi, Kluwer Press, Dordrecht, NL (May 2004). 13. S. Sharma, H. Li, H. Chandrasekaran, R.C. Mani and M.K. Sunkara, “Synthesis of Inorganic Nanowires and Nanotubes”, an invited review chapter, the Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Edited by H.S. Nalwa, American Scientific Publishers, Los Angeles, CA (2003). 14. M. K. Sunkara, S. Vaddiraju, and G. Bhimarasetti, “Bulk synthesis strategies for inorganic nanowires and nanotubes”, in Role of Chemical Engineering in Processing of Minerals and Materials, Ed: J.N. Mohanty, S.K. Biswal, S.R. Reddy, P.V.N. Misra, Allied Publishers, New 8 Delhi, India, 134-144 (Dec 2003). 15. G. Bhimarasetti, M.K. Sunkara, U.M. Graham, B.H. Davis, C. Suh, and K. Rajan, “Morphological Control of Tapered and Multi-junctioned Carbon Tubular Structures”, Advanced Materials (featured on front cover), 15 (19), 1629 (2003). 16. U.M. Graham, S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, and B.H. Davis, “Nanoweb Formation: 2-D SelfAssembly of Semiconductor Gallium Oxide Nanowires”, Adv. Funct. Mater., (featured on front cover) 13 (7): 576-581 (2003). 17. G. Bhimarasetti and M.K. Sunkara, “Process Window for Diamond Deposition from the Vapor Phase With Sulfur in the C-H-O Feed Gas Mixtures”, Thin Solid Films, 440/1-2 pp. 78-86 (2003). 18. S. Vaddiraju, H. Chandrasekaran, W. Xu and M.K. Sunkara, “Vapor Phase Synthesis of Metallic Tungsten Nanowires”, J of the Am. Chem. Soc., 125 (36): 10792 (2003). 19. R.C. Mani, S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, X.Li and K. Rajan, “Carbon Nanopipettes”, Nanoletters 3 (5): 671-673 (2003). (Web pub date: April 1, 2003). 20. R.C. Mani and M.K. Sunkara, Kinetic faceting of multiply twinned diamond crystals during vapor phase synthesis, Dia. and Relat. Mater., 12 (3-7): 324-329 MAR-JUL (2003) 21. H. Li and M. K. Sunkara, Self-oriented Growth of Gallium Nitride Films on Amorphous Substrates, Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Non-Stoichiometric III-V Compounds held at Asilomer Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA, Published by Physik Mikrostrukturierter Halbleiter, Vol 27, p 105, Edited by P. Specht, T. R. Weatherford, P. Kiesel, T. Marek, S. Malzer, 105, Published at Erlange, Germany (2002) 22. H. Li, H. Chandrasekaran, and M. K. Sunkara, Growth of Oriented Gallium Nitride Films on Amorphous Substrates by Self-Assembly, MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol 743, L3.10, (2002). 23. R. C. Mani, S. Sharma, M. K. Sunkara, J. Gullapalli, R. P. Baldwin, R. Rao, A. M. Rao, and J. M. Cowley, “Synthesis and Electrochemical Characteristics of a Nanocomposite Diamond Electrode”, Electrochem. and Solid-State Lett., 5 (6) E32-E35 (2002). 24. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, and E.C. Dickey, “Direct Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires using Silane and Molten Gallium”, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol 737, F6.2.1 (2002). 25. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, U.M. Graham, and B.H. Davis, “Nucleation and Growth of Gallium Oxide Tubes, Nanopaintbrushes and Nanowires from Molten Gallium”, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 755, DD9.4.1 (2002). 26. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, G.D. Lian, and E.C. Dickey, “Bulk Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires from Molten Gallium using Silane Gas Phase Precursors”, Proc. AIChE Fall Meeting, pp. 16 (2002). 9 27. S. Sharma and M.K. Sunkara, “Direct Synthesis of Gallium Oxide Tubes, Nanowires, and Nanopaintbrushes”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (41), 12289 (2002). 28. G.D. Lian, E.C. Dickey, M. Ueno, and M.K. Sunkara, “Ru-Doped Nanostructured Carbon Films”, Diam. and Relat. Mater., 11, 1890-1896 (2002). 29. M.K. Sunkara, S. Sharma, E.C. Dickey and R. Miranda, “Bulk Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires using Low Temperature Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth of Silicon Nanowires”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 79(10), 1546-1549 (2001). 30. H. Chandrasekaran and M. K Sunkara, "Growth of Gallium Nitride Textured Films and Nonowires on Polycrystalline Substrates at sub-stmospheric Pressures", MRS Symp. Proc. Vol. 693, pg 159-164 "GaN and related alloys-2001", Editors J. E. Northrup, J. Neugebauer, D. C Look, S. F Chichibu, H. Riechert, published by the Materials Research Society, PA (2002). 31. M.K. Sunkara, M. Ueno, G. Lian and E.C. Dickey, “Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ruthenium Doped Diamondlike Carbon Films”, Proceedings of the Sixth Applied Diamond Conference/Second Frontier Carbon Technology joint conference held at Auburn University, Auburn, AL., Y. Tzeng, K. Miyoshi, M. Yoshikawa, M. Murakawa, Y. Koga, K. Kobashi, and G.A.J. Amaratunga, editors, published by NASA Glen Research Center, NASA/CP – 2001-210948, Hanover, MD., pp 466- 472 (2001). 32. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, M. M. Crain, S.F. Lyuksyutov, S. K.M. Walsh, and R.W. Cohn, “Selective Plasma Nitridation and Contrast Reversed Etching of Silicon”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 19(5), 1743-1746 ( 2001). 33. S. Sharma, M. K. Sunkara, R. Miranda, G. Lian and E. C. Dickey , “A Novel Low Temperature Synthesis Method for Semiconductor Nanowires”, MRS Proccedings Vol 676: Synthesis, Functional Properties and Applications of Nanostructures, H. W. Hahn, D. L. Feldheim, C. P. Kubiak, R. Tannenbaum, R. W. Siegel, Materials Research Society publications, PA. (2001). 34. S.C. Eaton and M.K. Sunkara, “Construction of a New C-H-O Ternary Phase Diagram for Diamond Deposition from the Vapor Phase”, Diam. and Relat. Mater. 9, 1320-1326 (2000). 35. S.C. Eaton, M.K. Sunkara, M. Ueno and K.M. Walsh, “Modeling the effect of oxygen on diamond deposition from the vapor phase inside trenches”, Diam. and Relat. Mater. 10 (12): 2212-2219 (2001). 36. S.C. Eaton and M.K. Sunkara, “Examination of Hexagonal Platelet Diamond Growth by Atomic Force Microscopy”, Diamond Materials VI: the Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 99-32, Editors: J. L. Davidson, W.D. Brown, A. Gicquel, B.V. Spitsyn and J.C. Angus, Published by the Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, pp103-109(1999). 37. M.K. Sunkara, P. Koduri, E.C. Dickey and X. Fan, “Behavior of Redox Reactions on MetalDoped Diamondlike Carbon Films”, Diamond Materials VI: the Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 99-32, Editors: J. L. Davidson, W.D. Brown, A. Gicquel, B.V. Spitsyn 10 and J.C. Angus, Published by the Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, pp 448- 457 (1999). 38. P. Koduri, M. Sunkara, E.C. Dickey, C. Frasier, and S.V. Babu, Surface Engineering, 15 (5), pp. 373-376 (1999). 39. M. K. Sunkara, H. ChandraSekaran and P. Koduri, “Electrochemical Studies of MetalDoped Diamondlike Carbon Films”, Invited Paper, New Diamond and Frontier Carbon Technology, 9(6), 407-415 (1999). 40. X. Fan, E.C. Dickey, S.P. Pennycook, and M.K. Sunkara, “Z-contrast imaging and EELS analysis of chromium doped diamond-like carbon films”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 (18), pp. 27402742 (1999). 41. R. A. Stroud, M. Bensing, M. K. Sunkara, and M.M. David, “Nucleation of Diamond from the Vapor Phase on to Dielectric Substrates”, Proceedings of 12th Intl. Symp. On Surface Modification Technologies, edited by T.S. Sudarshan, K.A. Khor and M. Jeandin, pp 351-356, Inst. of Materials and American Society of Metals (ASM), London, U.K. (1998). 42. P. Koduri, M. Sunkara, E.C. Dickey, C. Frasier, S.V. Babu, “Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Metal-Doped Diamondlike (Me-DLC) Films”, Proceedings of 12th Intl. Symp. On Surface Modification Technologies, edited by T.S. Sudarshan, K.A. Khor, and M. Jeandin, Inst. of Materials and American Society of Metals (ASM), pp 357-364, London, U.K. (1998). 43. M. Sunkara, E. Yeap, S.V. Babu, V.G. Ralchenko, B.N. Pypkin, and B.L. Shubekin, “Electrochemical Behavior of Metal-Doped Diamondlike Carbon (Me-DLC) Films”, in Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 97-32: Diamond Materials V., J.L. Davidson et. al., ed., Published by the Electrochemical Society, pp. 297 – 308, Pennington, NJ, (1997). 44. C. Srividya, M. Sunkara, and S.V. Babu, “Resistance of a-C:H and a-C:H,F films to anodic dissolution in aqueous electrolytes”, in the Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 97-32: Diamond Materials V., J.L. Davidson et. al., ed., Published by the Electrochemical Society, pp. 324 – 339, Pennington, NJ (1997). 45. C.V. Srividya, M. Sunkara, and S.V. Babu, “Resistance of Plasma-Deposited aC:H/Fluorocarbon Films to Anodic Breakdown in Aqueous Electrolytes”, J. of Mater. Res., 12, 2099 - 2103 (1997). 46. C.V. Srividya, M. Sunkara, and S.V. Babu, “Corrosion Protection Ability of Plasma Deposited a-C:H and Fluorocarbon Films”, J. of Mater. Eng. and Perform., 6, 586 - 590 (1997). 47. M. Sunkara, A.K. Rawat, P.J. Moran, R.A. Hays, and E.J. Taylor, “Detection Method for Sites of Localized Corrosion Applicable to Pipe Lines”, the Proceedings of the Electrochemical Society Symposium Series: “Critical Factors in Localized Corrosion II”, Edited by P.M. Natishan, R.G. Kelly, G.S. Frankel, and R.C. Newman. Pages 413-424. Published by the Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ., (1996). 11 48. M. Sunkara, A.K. Rawat, and P.J. Moran, “Corrosion Monitoring in Supercritical Water Media”, in “New Techniques for Characterizing Corrosion and Stress Corrosion”, Edited by R.H. Jones and D.R. Baer. Pages 305-315. Published by the Materials, Minerals, and Metals Society, Warrendale, PA. (1996). 49. C.-D. Zhou, E.J. Taylor, R.P. Renz, and M.K. Sunkara, “Electrolytic Metal Recovery With a Packed-Bed Cathode”, Proceedings of AESF Sur/Fin’94, Indianapolis, June 17-24, (1994). 50. W. R.Lambrecht, C. H. Lee, B. Segall, J. C. Angus, Z. Li and M. Sunkara,"Diamond Nucleation by Hydrogenation of Prism Surfaces of Graphite", 12 August, Nature, Vol. 364, p607 (1993). 51. J.C. Angus, M. Sunkara, S.R. Sahaida, and J.T. Glass, "Twinning and Faceting in Early stages of Diamond Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition", J. Materials Research 7, 3001 (1992). 52. J.C. Angus, Y. Wang, and M. Sunkara, "Metastable Growth of Diamond and Diamondlike Phases", Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 21, 221-48 (1991). 53. M. Sunkara, J.C. Angus, C.C. Hayman, and F. Buck, "Nucleation of Diamond Crystals", Carbon 28, 765-766 (1990). 54. J.C. Angus, F.A. Buck, M. Sunkara, T.F. Groth, C.C. Hayman, and R. Gat, "Diamond Growth at Low Pressures", MRS Bulletin XIV 38-47, October (1989). 55. D-T. Chin, and M. Sunkara, "Selective Pulse Plating of Gold and Tin-Lead Solder", Plat. and Surf. Fin. 78, 57 (1991). 56. D-T. Chin, N.R.K. Vilambi, and M. Sunkara, "Current Distribution in Selective Pulse Plating", Plat. and Surf. Fin. 76, 74 (1989). 57. J.C. Angus, Z. Li, M. Sunkara, C. Lee, W.R.L. Lambrecht, and B. Segall, in “Diamond Materials”, Proceedings Volume 93-17, Electrochemical Society, Pennington, N.J. (1993). 58. J.C. Angus, A. Argoitia, R. Gat, Z. Li, M. Sunkara, L. Wang, and Y. Wang, "Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond", Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 342, 195-208 (1993). 59. J. C. Angus, R. Gat, Z. Li, M. Sunkara, S. Mehandru, A. B. Anderson and M. W. Geis, "Nucleation and Growth Processes in Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond," Proceedings Vol. 91-8, pp 125-41, Electrochem. Soc., Pennington, N.J., 1991. 60. J. C. Angus, Z. Li, M. Sunkara, Y. Wang, C. Lee, W. R.L. Lambrecht and B. Segall, "Nucleation and Growth in the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond," pp. 159-68, Proceedings Second International Conference on the Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials, Omiya, Saitama, Japan, August 25-27, 1993. 61. J. C. Angus, Z. Li, M. Sunkara, C. Lee, W. R.L. Lambrecht, B. Segall, "Diamond Nucleation," in Diamond Materials, Proc. Vol. 93-17, p. 128, Electrochemical Society, 12 Pennington, N.J., 1993. TECHNICAL REPORTS 1. M. Sunkara, S. Karim, and E.J. Taylor “In-Situ Remediation of Vadose Zone Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals Using Enhanced Electrokinetics”, Final Report, SBIR Phase I Contract #68D50109, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996. 2. M. Sunkara, “Advanced Coatings for Rebars”, Final Report, R&D Grant No. DTFH61-94X00022, Department of Transportation (DoT), McLean, VA., 1995. 3. M. Sunkara, “Corrosion Monitoring in Supercritical Water Media”, Final Report, SBIR Phase I program, National Science Foundation, Grant No. DMI-9460194, Arlington, VA, 1995. 4. M. Sunkara, E.J. Taylor, and P.J. Moran, "Remote Sensing of Crevice Corrosion", Final Report, ONR Contract No. N00013-93-C, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, 1993. PRESENTATIONS 1. M.K. Sunkara, “Materials Nanotechnology – A Chemical Engineer’s Perspective”, Invited Lecture, May 12, 2004, Joint Meeting of ACS and AIChE local chapters, Louisville, KY. 2. M.K. Sunkara, “Buk Synthesis of Inorganic Nanowires, Nanotubes and Nanowire Networks”, Invited Keynote Lecture, Particles 2004, Orlando, March 2004. 3. M.K. Sunkara, “Chemical Design of Nanostructures”, Invited Presentation, TMS Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, March 2004. 4. M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis of Inorganic Nanowires, Nanotubes and Nanowire Networks”, Invited Lecture, National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, India, December 2003. 5. M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis Strategies for Inorganic Nanowires, Nanotubes and Nanowire Networks”, Invited Presentation, CHEMCON 2003, Annual Meeting of Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers held in Bhubaneswar, India, December 2003. 6. M.K. Sunkara, “Carbon Micro- and Nano-Pipettes: Drug Delivery and Neurological Sensing”, Invited Presentation, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, Nov. 2003. 7. M.K. Sunkara, “Nanopipettes: Synthesis and Applications in Opthmology”, Invited Presentation, Opthmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, KY, May 2003. 13 8. M.K. Sunkara, “Paradigm Shift in Bulk Synthesis of Inorganic Nanowires and Nanotubes”, Invited Presentation, Flexilec Workshop, Max-Planck Institute (MPI-Halle), June 2-4, 2003, Halle, Germany. 9. M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis of Nanostructures”, Invited Presentation, SMEC 2003, March 24-27, Miami, Florida. 10. M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis of Inorganic Nanowires”, Invited Presentation, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, SC, March 2002. 11. M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis of Inorganic Nanostructures”, Invited Presentation, National Conference on Nanostructured Materials, IIT Delhi, Dec 5-6, 2002, India. 12. M.K. Sunkara and H. Li, “Self-Oriented Growth of Gallium Nitride”, 4th Asilomer Symposium on Non-Stoichiometric III-V Compounds, Asilomer Conference grounds, Pacific Grove, CA, 2-4 October, 2002. 13. H. Li, H. Chandrasekaran, and M. K. Sunkara, Oriented GaN Thin Film Growth on Amorphous and Crystalline Substrates, AIChE Annual Meeting 2002, Nov. 8, Indianapolis 14. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, and E.C. Dickey, “Direct Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires using Silane and Molten Gallium”, Materials Research Society Fall 2002 Meeting, Boston, MA, December 4 (2002). 15. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, U.M. Graham, and B.H. Davis, “Nucleation and Growth of Gallium Oxide Tubes, Nanopaintbrushes and Nanowires from Molten Gallium”, Materials Research Society Fall 2002 Meeting, Boston, MA, December 5 (2002). 16. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, G.D. Lian, and E.C. Dickey, “Bulk Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires from Molten Gallium using Silane Gas Phase Precursors”, AIChE Annual Fall 2002 Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, November 4, (2002). 17. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, G.D. Lian, and E.C. Dickey, “Bulk Synthesis of Gallium Oxide Tubes, Nanowires, and Nanopaintbrushes”, AIChE Annual Fall 2002 Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, November 8 (2002). 18. M. K. Sunkara, R. C. Mani, S. Sharma, J. Gullapalli, R. P. Baldwin,R. Rao, A. M. Rao, and J. M. Cowley, Nanocomposite films and free-standing whiskers containing diamond and graphite phases, Diamond 2002 European Conference, Granada, Spain September 2002 (poster) 19. R. C. Mani, and M. K. Sunkara, Kinetic Faceting of Multiply Twinned Diamond Crystals during Vapor Phase Synthesis, Diamond 2002 European Conference, Granada, Spain September 2002 (poster) 20. R. C. Mani and M. K. Sunkara, Kinetic Faceting of Multiply Twinned Diamond Crystals during Vapor Phase Synthesis. AIChE, Indianapolis, November 2002 (presentation) 14 21. R. C. Mani, S. Sharma, M. K. Sunkara, J. Gullapalli, R. P. Baldwin,R. Rao, A. M. Rao, and J. M. Cowley, Nanocomposite films and free-standing whiskers containing diamond and graphite phases, AIChE, Indianapolis, November 2002 (presentation) 22. R. P. Baldwin, J. Gullapalli, R. C. Mani, M. K. Sunkara, A novel, nanocomposite diamond electrode for electrochemical sensing of neurological fluids, AIChE, Indianapolis, November 2002 (presentation) 23. R. C. Mani and M. K. Sunkara, Kinetic Faceting of Multiply Twinned Diamond Crystals during Vapor Phase Synthesis, MRS, Boston, December 2002 (poster) 24. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, G. Lian, E.C. Dickey and R. Miranda, Carbon 2001 meeting, Lexington, KY, July 2001. 25. G. Bhimarasetty and M.K. Sunkara, Carbon 2001 meeting, Lexington, KY., July 2001. 26. M.K. Sunkara, “ Low Temperature, Bulk Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires”, Poster Presentation, Gordon Conference, Williamstown, MA. July, 2001. 27. M.K. Sunkara, S. Sharma, H. Chandrasekaran, E.C. Dickey, G. Lian and R. Miranda, “Bulk Synthesis of Silicon, Carbon and Gallium Nitride Nanowires”, Colloqium on Nanoscale Science, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., May, 2001. 28. M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanowires”, University of California- Riverside, Spring 2001. 29. M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanowires”, Ohio University, Athens, OH, Spring 2001. 30. M.K. Sunkara, “Bulk Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanowires”, CAMP Seminar, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, Summer 2001. 31. M.K Sunkara, K.M. Walsh, R. Miranda, E.C. Dickey, and S. Sinnott, “CVD and Thin Film Technology: A Proposal for a Certificate Program for Chemical Engineers”, AICHE Annual Meeting, November 12-17, 2000, Los Angeles, CA. 32. S.Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, E.C. Dickey, and R. Miranda, “A Novel Low Temperature Synthesis Route for Silicon Nanowires”, 47th International Symposium, American Vacuum Society, October 2-6, 2000, Boston, MA. 33. M.K. Sunkara and S.C. Eaton, “Construction of a New C-H-O Ternary Diagram for Diamond Deposition from the Vapor Phase”, 129th Annual Meeting of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), p. 113, Meeting Abstracts, March 12-16, 2000, Nashville, TN. 34. M.K. Sunkara, P. Koduri, and M. Ueno, “Behavior of Redox Reactions on Metal-Doped Diamondlike Carbon Electrodes”, Abstract No. 832, Vol. 99-2, p. 832, Meeting Abstracts, The 1999 Joint International Meeting of the Electrochemical Society and the Electrochemical Society 15 of Japan, Honolulu, Hawai, Oct. 17-22, 1999, Published by the Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ. 35. S.C. Eaton and M.K. Sunkara, “The Role of Oxygen on the Faceting of Vapor Grown Diamond Crystals”, Abstract No. 788, Vol. 99-2, p. 788, Meeting Abstracts, The 1999 Joint International Meeting of the Electrochemical Society and the Electrochemical Society of Japan, Honolulu, Hawai, Oct. 17-22, 1999, Published by the Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ. 36. S.C. Eaton and M.K. Sunkara, “Role of Oxygen and Impurities on the Kinetic Faceting of Vapor Grown Diamond”, Abstract 188h, p. 105, Meeting Abstracts, The Annual Meeting of AICHE, October 31-November 5, 1999, Dallas, TX., published by AICHE, Washington, DC. 37. S. Sharma, M.K. Sunkara, R.W. Cohn, K.M. Walsh, M.M. Crain, S.F. Lyuksyutov, and E.C. Dickey, “Selective Nitridation of Silicon Substrates Using Microwave Nitrogen Plasma”, Abstract 191i, p. 106, The Annual Meeting of AICHE, October 31-November 5, 1999, Dallas, TX. published by AICHE, Washington, DC. 38. R. W. Cohn, S. F. Lyuksyutov, M. M. Crain, S. Sharma, P. Koduri, K. M.Walsh, and M. K. Sunkara, "Nanolithography Considerations for Multi-passband Grating Filters," Symposium on Trends in Guided Wave Devices. Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Santa Clara, CA, paper WJ6. (29 September 1999). 39. R. A. Stroud, M. Bensing, M. K. Sunkara, and M.M. David, “Nucleation of Diamond from the Vapor Phase on to Dielectric Substrates”, 12th International Symposium on Surface Modification of Materials, American Society of Metals (ASM), to be held Oct. 12-16, Rosemont, IL. 40. P. Koduri, M. Sunkara, E.C. Dickey, C. Frasier, S.V. Babu, “Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Metal-Doped Diamondlike (Me-DLC) Films”, 12th International Symposium on Surface Modification of Materials, American Society of Metals (ASM), held Oct. 12-16, Rosemont, IL. 41. M. Sunkara, “Vapor Grown Diamond and Diamondlike Carbon Films for Electrochemical and Corrosion Protection Applications”, International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF), April 21-25, 1997, San Diego, CA. 42. M. Sunkara, “Vapor Grown Diamond and Diamondlike Carbon Films for Electrochemical and Corrosion Protection Applications”, January 15, 1997, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. 43. M. Sunkara, “Corrosion Protection Applications of Vapor Grown Diamond and Diamondlike Carbon”, ASM Local Chapter Dinner Meeting, Louisville, KY, June 1997. 44. M. Sunkara, M. Wadsborn, B.N. Pypkin, M. L. Shubekin, V.G. Ralchenko, and S.V. Babu, “Electrochemical Behavior of Metal-Doped Diamondlike Carbon (Me-DLC) Films in Aqueous Solutions”, 192nd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, August 28 - Sept. 05, 1997, Paris, France. 16 45. M. Sunkara, C.V. Srividya, and S.V. Babu, “ Corrrosion Resistance of a:C-H/Fluorocarbon Films”, Presented at Materials Week’96, Organized by American Society of Metals, Oct. 6 -9, Cincinnati, 1996. 46. M. Sunkara, S. Karim, and E.J. Taylor, “In-Situ Removal of Heavy Metals from Vadose Zone Contaminated Soils Using Enhanced Electrokinetics”, to be presented at 28th Central Regional ACS Meeting to be held at Dayton Convention Center, June 9-12, Dayton, OH, 1996. 47. M. Sunkara, E. Stortz, R. P. Renz, A. K. Rawat, and P. J. Moran, “ Vapor Grown Diamond Films for Corrosion Protection”, Presented at the 188th Annual Meeting of the Electrochemical Society held in Chicago, Oct 8-13, 1995. 48. M. Sunkara, A. K. Rawat, P.J. Moran, “Corrosion Protection Ability of Vapor Grown Thin Diamond Films”,Presented at Session 8D, AICHE Annual Meeting, Miami Beach, FL, November 12-17, 1995. 49. M. Sunkara, A.K. Rawat, P.J. Moran, R.A. Hays, and E.J. Taylor, “ Detection Methods for Sites of Localized Corrosion Applicable to PipeLines”, Presented at the 188th meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Chicago, Oct. 8-12, 1995. 50. M. Sunkara, A.K. Rawat, P.J. Moran, V.H. Desai, R.A. Hays, and E.J. Taylor, “Remote Sensing of Crevice Corrosion”, Presented at TMS/ASM Materials Week, Cleveland, OH, Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 1995. 51. M. Sunkara, A.K. Rawat and P.J. Moran, “ Corrosion Monitoring in Supercritical Water Media”, Presented at TMS/ASM Materials Week, Cleveland, OH, Oct. 29 - Nov. 2, 1995. 52. M. Sunkara, J.C. Angus and J.A. Mann, Jr., “Morphology and Growth Kinetics of Diamond Crystals”, AICHE Annual Meeting, St. Louis, M.O., Nov. 8-12, 1993. 53. M. Sunkara, J.C. Angus, and J.A. Mann, Jr., "Morphology and Growth Kinetics of Diamond Crystals”, DIAMOND 92, Sept 4, 1992, Heidelberg, Germany 54. M. Sunkara, J.C. Angus et. al., Gordon Conference, “Monte-Carlo Simulation of Diamond Nucleation and Growth Kinetics”, Plymouth, New Hampshire, June 1992. 55. M. Sunkara, Diamond Workshop, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI., March 1992. 56. M. Sunkara, J.C. Angus, C.C. Hayman, and F.A. Buck, “Nucleation of Diamond Crystals”, 2nd International Meeting on Vapor Grown Diamond held at Concord, OH, June 1990. 57. M. Sunkara and D-T. Chin, 2nd Annual CAMP, Potsdam, NY., Nov. 1987. 17