South Pasadena  Chemistry
Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
1pH and
pOH
Fill in the missing information:
[H+]
pH
pOH
1 x 10-5
5
9
1 x 10-3
3
12
1 x 10-12
12
2
* 2.5 x 10-3
2.6
11.4
1 x 10-6
6
8
1 x 10-13
13
1
*use your calculator pH = -log(2.5 x 10-3)
South Pasadena  Chemistry
Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
2[H
Fill in the missing information:
[H+]
[OH]
1 x 10-4
1 x 10-10
1 x 10-6
1 x 10-8
1 x 10-10
1 x 10-4
1 x 10-12
1 x 10-2
2 x 10-6
5 x 10-9
3 x 10-8
3.3 x 10-7
4.8 x 10-3
2.1 x 10-12
6.25 x 10-14
1.6 x 10-1
Remember: [H+] x [OH-] = 1 x 10-14
+
] and
[OH-]
South Pasadena  Chemistry
Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
3ACIDS, BASES, and
SALTS
State whether each chemical is an acid, a base, or a salt.
If it is an acid or a base, state whether it is strong or weak:
1.
H2SO4
______acid______
_____strong______
2.
Mg(OH)2
______base______
______weak______
3.
KBr
______salt______
_________________
4.
HI
______acid______
_____strong______
5.
HC2H3O2
______acid______
______weak______
6.
NH4OH
______base______
______weak______
7.
HNO3
______acid______
_____strong______
8.
Li2CO3
______salt______
_________________
9.
NaOH
______base______
_____strong______
______acid______
______weak______
10. HF
South Pasadena  Chemistry
Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
4MOLARITY
Calculate the concentration of each of these mixtures:
KOH = 56.1 g/mole
NaOH = 40.0 g/mol
4 mol
=2M
2L
1.
4 moles KOH in enough water to make 2 L of solution.
2.
0.1 mole NaOH in enough water to make 0.05 L of solution.
3.
0.25 mole KOH in enough water to make 500 mL of solution.
4.
60 grams of NaOH in enough water to make 800 mL of solution.
Convert 60 g NaOH to moles using molar mass.
.1 mol
=2M
.05 L
.25 mol
= .5 M
.5 L
1.5 mol
= 1.875 M
.8 L
South Pasadena  Chemistry Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
5DILUTION PROBLEMS
Answer the following problems about diluting solutions:
V·M=V·M
1.
A 50 mL sample of 6 M HCl is diluted to a volume of 250 mL. What is the new concentration?
(50 mL)(6 M) = (250 mL)(x)
2.
x = 1.2 M
What volume of 18.0 M H2SO4 is needed to make 100 mL of a 1.5 M H2SO4 solution?
(x)(18 M) = (100 mL)(1.5 M)
3.
x = 8.3 mL
Calculate the concentration of a solution made by diluting 30 mL of 12 M HCl to a volume of 900 mL.
(30 mL)(12 M) = (900 mL)(x)
x = 0.4 M
South Pasadena  Chemistry
Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
6PROPERTIES OF
ACIDS & BASES
Use the following key:
_B_1. tastes bitter
a) Acid
b) Base
c) Both Acid and Base
_A_6. increases [H+]
_B_11. turns cabbage blue/green
_C_2. electrolyte
_A_7. tastes sour
_A_12. proton donor
_B_3. increases [OH]
_B_8. neutralizes HCl
_B_13. decreases [H+]
_A_4. turns cabbage pink
_B_9. feels slippery
_C_14. corrosive
_A_5. neutralizes NaOH
_A_10. decreases [OH]
_B_15. proton acceptor
South Pasadena  Chemistry Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
7ACID-BASE NEUTRALIZATION
Write balanced equations showing how the following acids and bases neutralize each other:
1.
HCl + NaOH  ___H2O___ + ____ NaCl___
2.
H2SO4 + 2 KOH  ____ 2 H2O ___ + ___ K2SO4____
3.
2 HCl + Mg(OH)2  ___ 2 H2O ____ + ___ MgCl2____
4.
HC2H3O2 + NaOH  ____ H2O ___ + ____ NaC2H3O2___
5.
HNO3 + NH4OH  ____ H2O ___ + ____ NH4NO3 ___
South Pasadena  Chemistry
Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
8DISSOCIATION EQUATIONS
Consider the following dissociation equation:
H2SO4  2 H+ + SO42-
Write the ions into which the following compounds dissociate:
1.
HCl  H+ + Cl-
2.
NaOH  Na+ + OH-
3.
Ca(OH)2  Ca2+ + 2 OH-
4.
HC2H3O2  H+ + C2H3O2-
South Pasadena  Chemistry
Name____________________ Period___
4  Classifying Chemicals
9COMMON
Match these substances with their chemical formulas:
_l_1. table salt
_c_2. milk of magnesia
_f_3. water
_a_4. stomach acid
_h_5. sugar
_i_6. limewater
_g_7. household ammonia
_d_8. hydrogen peroxide
_b_9. chalk
_k_10. drain cleaner (lye)
_e_11. vinegar
_j_12. battery acid
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
HCl
CaCO3
Mg(OH)2
H2O2
HC2H3O2
H2O
NH4OH
C12H22O11
Ca(OH)2
H2SO4
NaOH
NaCl
CHEMICALS