PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA COVER PAGE Name of heritage asset The Roman Catholic Saint Mary Church at the Rock in Beram Type of heritage asset Immovable Cultural Heritage , Sacral Architectural Heritage, Object Global coordinates (X, Y, Z) +45° 15' 24 N, +13° 54' 26 E; Elevation: 250m Country Istria, Croatia Data compiled by Name Vlatka Rajčić Affiliation University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia e-mail address vrajcic@grad.hr Date of compilation 08. 10. 2012 Characteristic photography Page 1 of 10 PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA Page 2 of 10 SUMMARY Historic background The Church of St. Mary of the Rocks (Škrilje) is a tiny chapel in the woods outside Beram in Istria. Originally built in 13th century as single nave cemetery church. Surface of about 200 m2 of interior walls is covered in frescoes. The frescoes, so most are dedicated to the lives of Mary and Jesus which were commissioned by Beram Confraternity of St. Mary and painted mostly by Vincent of Kastav in 1474. they are showing the Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem, the Last Supper, a portrait of Saint Martin and Dance Macabre. The original altar placed in the single nave church was covered by saddle-type roof. Façade above the portal was painted niche with motif of Holly Mary, but painting almost completely decayed because it was not protected by roof. After Council in Trent (1545-1563) the frescoes were plastered. In 1907 the church was radically changed by replacement of gothic vault by wooden ceiling. The altar was replaced with the new one made of marble. In front of entrance the portico was added. In side walls the pointed gothic arch windows were replaced with windows having semi-circular arch. The gothic arch of main entrance was replaced by semi-circular arch. Rectangular windows were added to each side of main entrance. Brief description In 1912 Austrian conservator Anton Gnirs, manager of Central Commission for Heritage Protection (Zentral Kommission) in Istria, discovered and restored frescoes that has been plastered since 16th century. During restoration works in 1912 the Sacristy was also added. In 2011 the experts of Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb and Croatian Conservation Institute inspected the current state of church and discovered structural cracks in painted walls that developed because of uneven settlements of foundations. The expertise stressed the need for strengthening of foundations and systematic repair of walls. PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA Illustrations Location and entrance of the church Layout of church Interior of church covered by frescoes and detail of »Dance Macabre« Page 3 of 10 PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA Page 4 of 10 1.0 Names and References No. Data Subfield Received Information 1.1 Type of heritage asset Immovable Cultural Heritage Sacral Architectural Heritage; Object 1.2 Name of heritage asset The Roman Catholic Saint Mary Church at the Rock in Beram (Škrinje) 1.3 Unique reference numbers of asset N-6; Z-858 1.4 Dates compilation 1.4.1 Date of initial compilation 1962 1.4.2 Date of last update 8.10.2012 1.5 Record originator Ministry of Culture of R Croatia 1.6 Cross-reference to related asset record 1.6.1 Related record reference number none 1.6.2 Qualifier of Relationship none 1.6.3 Originator of Reference none 1.7 Cross-reference to records of fixtures, fittings collections and artifacts 1.7.1 Reference number none 1.7.2 Originator of Reference none 1.8 Cross-reference to documentations 1.8.1 Reference number HRZ-151 1.8.2 Type of documentation Current condition record, reports on wall painting restoration, geotechnical reports 1.8.3 Originator of Reference Croatian Conservation Institute 1.9 Cross-reference to archaeological records/events 1.9.1 Reference number none 1.9.2 Originator of Reference none 1.9.3 Start date of recording event none 1.9.4 End date of recording event none 1.10 Cross-references to environmental records none Standards PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA 2.0 Location No. Data Subfield Received Information 2.1 Administrative location 2.1.1 Country Croatia 2.1.2 Geo-political unit Istria county 2.1.3 Administrative subdivision Pazin municipality 2.2 Address 2.2.1 Postal name Beram 2.2.2 Name of street/road Beram 2.2.3 Number in the street/road B/A 2.2.4 Locality Beram 2.2.5 Town/city Beram 2.2.6 Postal or location code 52000 2.3 Cartographic reference 2.3.1 Spatial referencing system HTRS96, E=296493.4, N=5016223.9 2.3.2 Global coordinates (X, Y, Z) +45° 15' 24 N, +13° 54' 26 E; Elevation 250 m 2.4 Cadastral reference/land unit Cadastral municipality Beram/109 Standards 3.0 Functional Type No. Data Subfield Received Information 3.1 Generic Church 3.2 Usage 3.1.1 Dates of usage Occasional tourists and pilgrims visits Standards Page 5 of 10 PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA 4.0 Dating No. Data Subfield Received Information 4.1 Date range Date of construction: 13th century Plastering of frescoes: after Council in Trent (1545-1563) Restoration and enlargement by portico: 1709. Restoration of frescoes and construction of sacristy: 1912 Date of frescoes creation: 15th century, finished 1474, Vincent de Kastav 4.2 Method Art historical, historical interpretation, critical sources analysis Standards 5.0 Structure No. Data Subfield Received Information 5.1 Type of structure B1 churches Gothic single-nave church. 5.2 Structural material Lime stone masonry 5.2.1 Foundation stone blocks 5.2.2 Walls/pillars lime stone 5.2.3 Interstorey structure timber 5.2.4 Roof timber 5.3 Finishing material 5.3.1 Foundation none 5.3.2 Walls/pillars Interior: Lime plaster, frescoes Façade: Lime plaster; not entirely plastered 5.3.3 Interstorey structure Painted wood (tabulatum) 5.3.4 Roof Clay roof tiles Standards Page 6 of 10 PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA Page 7 of 10 6.0 Current Physical Condition No. Data Subfield Received Information 6.1 Date of assessment 2011 6.2 Assessment originator Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb and Croatian Conservation Institute 6.3 General condition Visible cracks in walls 6.4 Condition of critical elements Due to settlements, foundations need to be strengthened and walls repaired Standards 7.0 Protection / Legal Status No. Data Subfield Received Information 7.1 Type of protection Protected cultural heritage 7.2 Grade of protection National importance 7.3 Date of protection grant 1962 7.4 Reference number N-6; Z-858 Standards 8.0 Major Risks No. Data Subfield Received Information Standards 8.1 Long-term environmental impact A7: Long term loading A2: Climate conditions fluctuations A1: Bio-attack According to the EU-CHIC methodology (Table 1) 8.2 Sudden environmental impact B1: Wind storm According to the EU-CHIC methodology (Table 1) Anthropogenic impact C4: Vandalisms 8.3 B4: Earthquake C3: Improper decisions C1: Economic activities (tourism) According to the EU-CHIC methodology (Table 1) PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA Data acquisition methods No. Data Subfield Method 1.0 Names and References Documentation survey 2.0 Location Documentation survey 3.0 Functional type Documentation survey Archival research 4.0 Dating Art historical interpretation, Critical source analysis 5.0 Structure In-situ visual inspection 6.0 Current physical condition In-situ visual inspection, Photographic report Visual inspection Structural assessment Diagnostic/Measured survey 7.0 Protection / Legal status Documentation survey 8.0 Major Risks Risk estimation Page 8 of 10 PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA Page 9 of 10 Table 1. The list of major risks that influence heritage asset A&B: Environmental Risks C: Anthropogenic – Social Risks A: Long term influence B: Sudden events A1: Bio-attack B1: Wind storm C1: Economic activities A2: Climate conditions fluctuations B2: Fire C2: Accidental events A3: Aeolic impact B3: Flood C3: Improper decisions A4: Water (Ground, Atmospheric) B4: Earthquake C4: Vandalisms A5: Solar radiation B5: Landslide C5: Riots A6: Particle matter& aerosols B6: Avalanche C6: Wars A7: Long term loading B7: Tsunami A8: Geological conditions (including local particularities) B8: Volcano PROTOCOL LEVEL 1: GENERAL DATA Page 10 of 10 Table 2. Typology of heritage assets developed within FP7 project PERPETUATE Class Description Assets A Architectonic assets with two main bearing structural elements: vertical walls and horizontal floors. If they are properly connected, mutual cooperation between the structural elements allows the building to behave as a single box. A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 palaces, castles, religious houses, caravansaries, madrasas B Architectonic assets, which are characterized, by wide spaces without intermediate floors and few inner walls. An independent damage mechanism occurs in the different parts of the building, and it is often possible to recognize specific structural macro elements (façade, triumphal arch, apse, dome, transept,). B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 churches, mosques, temples, baptisteries, mausoleum, hammam theatres C Architectonic assets in which the vertical dimension prevails on the other ones. Since usually, these buildings are characterized by significant slenderness, their seismic response may be assumed as a global flexural behavior. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 towers, bell towers, minarets, lighthouses, chimneys D Architectonic assets in which the main structural element is an arch or a vault. Both single arches and much more complex constructions based on this basic structural element are included. D1 D2 D3 D4 triumphal arches, aqueducts, bridges, cloisters E Massive constructions in which the wide thickness of walls, if compared to other dimensions, doesn’t allow the idealization as plane structural element. Local failure occurs as detachment of external leaf. E1 fortresses, E2 ramparts F Single, isolated architectonic assets, which does not delimit an interior space. F1 F2 F3 F4 G Historical centers composed of ordinary buildings’ aggregates, which assume the relevance of cultural heritage asset as whole in the urban context. Seismic response considers the interaction among adjacent buildings. columns, trilithons, obelisks, ruins