Midterm Study Guide Part C (Ch. 5) 7th Grade Life Science Name_______________________ Date______ Period_____ Directions: Answer each of the following questions in complete sentences or fill in the blank with the correct term. 1) _________ is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. (p. 114) 2) Mendel discovered the principles of ________ in the monastery _________. (p. 114) 3) Why did Mendel decide to study one kind of organism? (p. 114) 4) What is a self-pollinating plant? (p.115) 5) What is a true-breeding plant? (p. 115) 6) What is cross-pollination? (p. 115) 7) A ___________ is a feature that has different forms in a population. (p. 116) 8) The different forms of a characteristic are known as _________. (p. 116) 9) In his first experiments, Mendel crossed _____ plants to study ___ different characteristics. (p.117) 10) What is the difference between a dominant and recessive trait? (p. 117) 11) What are first generation plants? (p. 117) 12) A ______ is a relationship between 2 different numbers that is often expressed as a fraction. (p. 118) 13) A ______ is one set of instructions for an inherited trait. (p. 120) 14) What is an allele? (p. 120) 15) What is the difference between phenotype and genotype? (p. 120-121) 16) __________ _________ are used to organize all the possible combinations of offspring from particular parents. (p. 121) 17) A plant with 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles is said to be __________. (p. 121) 18) A plant that has the genotype Pp is said to be ____________. (p. 121) 19) What is probability? (p. 122) 20) When one trait is not completely dominant over another, but each allele has its own degree of influence, __________ ___________ is occurring. (p.124) 21) What is meiosis? (p. 126) 22) Each human sex cell contains ______ chromosomes. (p. 127) 23) When human sex cells combine, the new cell will have ___chromosomes.(p. 127) 24) Genes are located on ___________. (p. 127) 25) ________ chromosomes carry genes that detertmine sex. (p. 131) 26) Female sex chromosomes are _____ _____. (p.131) 27) Male sex chromosomes are _____ _____. (p. 131) 28) What is a pedigree? (p. 132) 29) Complete the following crosses: a) In wild horses, brown color is dominant over black. Cross a heterozygous male with a homozygous black female. Record your phenotype, genotype, and ratio. Genotype: Punnett Square: Phenotype: Ratio: b) In sea lions, an oily coat is dominant over a dry coat. Cross 2 heterozygous sea lions. Record your phenotype, genotype, and ratio. Genotype: Punnett Square: Phenotype: Ratio: c) In foxes, red fur is dominant over grey fur. Cross a homozygous dominant with a homozygous recessive. Record your phenotype, genotype, and ratio. Genotype: Punnett Square: Phenotype: Ratio: d) In mountain lions, long tails are recessive to short tails. Cross 2 heterozygous mountain lions. Record your phenotype, genotype, and ratio. Genotype: Punnett Square: Phenotype: Ratio: e) In pine trees, long pine needles are dominant over short pine needles. Cross a heterozygous pine tree with a homozygous recessive pine tree. Record your phenotype, genotype, and ratio. Genotype: Punett Square: Phenotype: Ratio: