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WRC-03 Agenda Items:
1.13, 1.18, 1.19, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.29, 1.32, 1.37 & 1.39.
Agenda Item 1.13: To consider the regulatory provisions and possible identification of
existing frequency allocations for services which may be used by high altitude platform
stations, taking into account No. S5.543A/S5.537A and the results of ITU-R studies
conducted in response to Resolutions 122 (Rev. WRC-2000) and 734 (WRC-2000)
Issues
1.
Resolution 122 - the use of HAPS in the fixed service in the 47 GHz band (in all 3 ITU
Regions) and the bands 27.5-27.85 GHz & 31-31.3 GHz (limited to a number of Region
3 countries)
2.
Resolution 734 - the use of HAPS in the fixed and mobile service in all bands above 3
GHz allocated exclusively for terrestrial radiocommunications
Background
WRC-97 designated the bands 47.2-47.5 GHz and 47.9-48.2 GHz for use by high altitude
platform stations in the fixed service. These bands are also allocated on a co-primary basis to
the fixed satellite service. Therefore, WRC-97 agreed Resolution 122 requesting studies on
sharing between high altitude platform stations and other services in the 47 GHz band,
including other fixed service systems.
WRC-2000 revised Resolution 122 to take account of the need for further studies in the 47
GHz band and additional studies (limited to a number of countries in Region 3) in the 18-32
GHz frequency range, focussing on the bands 27.5-27.85 GHz and 31-31.3 GHz. In addition,
two new country footnotes (S5.543A and S5.537A) were added to the Radio Regulations.
Both facilitate the use of HAPS in the fixed service in the bands 27.5-27.85 GHz and 31-31.3
GHz on a non-interference and non-protected basis in a number of Region 3 countries. WRC2000 also agreed Resolution 734 requesting the ITU-R to study the feasibility of
implementing HAPS in the fixed and mobile service in all bands above 3 GHz allocated
exclusively for terrestrial radiocommunications.
Preliminary results presented to Working Party 9B indicate that frequency sharing between
high altitude platform stations and other fixed service systems in the 47 GHz bands would be
difficult. Working Party 9B is also developing recommendations on sharing between high
altitude platform stations and other fixed service systems in the bands 27.5-27.85 GHz and
31.0-31.3 GHz.
Working Party 9D is developing recommendations on the protection of passive services from
interference due to high altitude platforms operating in the band 31.0-31.3 GHz.
Working Party 4-9S is responsible for sharing between HAPS in the fixed service and the
stations operating in the FSS in the bands 27.5-28.35 GHz.
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Significant recent developments
At its meeting in October 2001 Working Party 9B agreed a draft new recommendation on the
typical technical parameters of high altitude platform stations operating in the FS in the bands
27.5-28.35 GHz and 31.0-31.3 GHz.
Draft CPM text addressing Resolution 122 (Rev. WRC-00) and Resolution 734 (WRC-03)
was also developed.
On the issue of sharing between high altitude platform stations and GSO FSS systems in the
47 GHz bands, Joint Study Group 4-9 at its October 2001 meeting adopted a draft revision of
Recommendation ITU-R SF.1481. The revised recommendation indicates that co-area
frequency sharing between HAPS and the FSS would be difficult in areas where a ubiquitous
HAPS service is envisioned.
Agenda Item 1.18: To consider a primary allocation to the fixed service in the band
17.3-17.7GHz for Region 1, taking into account the primary allocations to various services in
all three regions.
Issue
Primary allocation to the fixed service in the band 17.3-17.7GHz for Region 1 in Article S5 of
the Radio Regulations.
Background
The table of European Common Frequency Allocations contains a co-primary allocation to
the Fixed Service.
In order to have the allocations in the European allocation table reflected in the Radio
Regulations, CEPT agreed to propose to WRC-2000 to include in the agenda for WRC-03 the
question of a primary allocation for the fixed service in the band 17.3-17.7 GHz.
Through a questionnaire circulated within SE19 (10 responses) a revision of the actual FS use
as well as future plans for the FS however has shown that currently there is limited FS use in
the band throughout Europe. In one country the band is used for point-to-point digital
terrestrial fixed systems for private user requirements. Also in some countries the band is used
to support cable TV distribution.
While, none of the responses showed definitive plans for future FS use of this band, some
countries however, indicated that the band has been nationally designated or planned for the
provision of MVDS or support for cable TV. Other countries are still considering the primary
FS use of this band. There were also responses that indicated no interest in the use of this
band for future primary FS applications. One response indicated a primary FS allocation was
not favoured in order to avoid future co-ordination issues with primary BSS feeder links.
Regarding the current or planned use of the band for applications other than FS, most
countries responded to this questionnaire already use and plan future use of the band for BSS
feeder links in the FSS on a primary basis and Radiolocation on a secondary basis. A few
have indicated that there is no radio usage in this band at present.
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Significant Recent developments
To date no inputs on this agenda item have been made to the ITU-R however, the views of
WP 6S have been incorporated by WP4-9S into the preliminary draft CPM text, which
indicates in square brackets as a first option “No change to the current status of the fixed
service allocation”. This new preliminary CPM text has been sent, through a liaison
statement, to WP 6S, 9B, and 9D for comment. Proposals with respect to the 17.3-17.7GHz
band have instead been made under Agenda item 1.25 regarding a possible new primary FSS
(s-E) allocation, which is currently under study.
The current preliminary view within CEPT is that a primary FS allocation within the band
17.3-17.7GHz is no longer necessary.
Agenda Item 1.19: To consider regulatory provision to avoid misapplication of the nonGSO FSS single entry limits in Article S22 based on the results of ITU-R studies carried out
in accordance with Resolution 135 (WRC-2000)
Issue
Resolution 135 invites ITU-R: "as a matter of urgency, and in time for consideration by
WRC-03, to conduct technical studies and develop regulatory procedures to avoid
misapplication of the single-entry limits included in Tables S22-1, S22-2 and S22-3 of Article
S22."
Background
WRC-2000 established single entry epfd limits for non-GSO FSS systems in certain
frequency bands in Article S22. The Conference also identified the desirability of developing
regulatory solutions to avoid the possible misapplication of single-entry limits by dividing a
non-GSO system into several smaller non-GSO systems, which independently meet the limits.
Significant recent developments
CEPT SE16 and ITU-R WP4A, the responsible group for this work item, agree that the
problem raised by Resolution 135 (WRC 2000) is not new or specific to certain non-GSO
systems. No difficulties have been experienced so far with similar limits that could be
similarly misapplied and therefore no specific regulatory action is deemed necessary.
Agenda Item 1.24: To review the usage of the 13.75-14 GHz, in accordance with
Resolution 733 (WRC-2000), with a view to addressing the sharing conditions.
Issue
Resolution 733 resolves: "to invite ITU-R
1.
to conduct studies, as a matter of urgency and in time for consideration by WRC-03,
on the sharing conditions indicated in Nos. S5.502 and S5.503, with a view to
reviewing the constraints in No. S5.502 regarding the minimum antenna diameter of
GSO FSS earth stations and the constraints on the e.i.r.p. of the radiolocation service;
2.
to identify and study, in time for consideration by WRC-03, possible alternative
sharing conditions to those indicated in Nos. S5.502 and S5.503."
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Background
The band 13.75-14 GHz is allocated on a co-primary basis to FSS (fixed satellite service) and
RLS (radiolocation service). It is also allocated, in some countries, to FS (fixed service) and
MS (mobile service)(Nos. S5.499 and S5.500) and to RNS (radionavigation service) (No.
S5.501). GSO systems in the SRS (space research service) use this band in accordance with
No. S5.503. Additionally, non-GSO SRS and EESS (Earth exploration satellite service)
operate with protection from the FSS (No. S5.503A) until 1 January 2000. After 2001 the
only space research system that will remain in the band on a co-primary basis with the FSS is
the DRS system. For the sharing between FSS, RLS, RNS and SRS, the 13.75-14 GHz band
can be split as follows:

13.75-13.8 GHz: FSS uplinks, RNS, radiolocation emissions and GSO-DRS links to
both earth stations and LEO spacecraft (e.g. Shuttle);

13.8-14 GHz: FSS uplinks, RNS, radiolocation emissions and GSO-DRS links to
earth stations only.
During the 1997-2000 ITU-R study period, some studies have addressed the sharing
conditions between GSO FSS services and radiolocation in the band 13.75-14 GHz and
between GSO FSS services and space research in the band 13.772-13.778 GHz. These studies
related to the possible relaxation of the minimum antenna diameter of 4.5 m contained in
footnote S5.502. WRC-2000 decided that the Agenda of WRC-2003 will include the review
of these limits and that this issue be studied by the ITU-R.
Significant recent developments
Joint Task Group 4-7-8 is addressing this issue. The UK has taken a lead by submitting
detailed paper on this topic which makes reference to UK based simulations. The JTG at its
last meeting, held during May/June, agreed a series of simulation scenarios that take a generic
rather than a location specific approach. The UK will adopt this generic approach and it is
anticipated that new results from simulations will be submitted at next February’s meeting of
the JTG. In essence the group will eventually decide if the current earth station antenna
restriction regards a 4.5 metre minimum antenna diameter can be relaxed. The MOD is
participating at the JTG. It appears that some relaxation in antenna size or a restriction based
on a pfd limit at a defined boundary, such as the international territorial limit, may be
recommended.
The UK has proposed site shielding as an interference mitigation technique. A UK paper
taking a theoretical approach was reviewed at the last JTG meeting. Information on measured
levels of site shielding attenuation has been requested.
In addition to the main issue reference was made by representatives of the Space Research
Service that an additional 4 MHz of co-primary spectrum within, or adjacent to the band, is
necessary. The JTG may need to consider the impact of an increase in the co-primary
allocation to the SRS from 6 MHz to 10 MHz.
At the present time 13.75 to 14 GHz earth station notifications are co-ordinated by the BR in
accordance with Appendix S7 (version 1998) and Rec. IS. 847-1. After the 1st January 2002
these notifications will be co-ordinated in accordance with Appendix S7 (WRC 200). No
parameters currently exist in table 7B for the radionavigation/radiolocation service and the
BR may either suspend/delay the processing of these notifications or use, as a temporary
measure, fixed or mobile parameters that do not reflect those of the
radionavigation/radiolocation service.
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Note: No meeting of the JTG has been held since text for the previous brief was drafted. The
UK will be conducting a series of simulations taking the generic approach referred to above.
Current thinking is that a pfd limit 20 km beyond a national boundary or coastline is likely to
be imposed in preference to a minimum antenna size.
Agenda Item 1.25: To consider, with a view to global harmonisation to the greatest
extent possible, having due regard to not constraining the development of other services, and
in particular of the fixed service and the broadcasting-satellite service, regulatory provisions
and possible identification of spectrum for high-density systems in the fixed-satellite service
above 17.3 GHz, focusing particularly on frequency bands above 19.7 GHz.
Issue
Spectrum Identification for HDFSS above 17.3GHz.
Background
At the last WRC 2000, CEPT countries presented an ECP under agenda item 7.2 to “consider
regulatory provisions and possibly identification of spectrum above about 19.7 GHz for high
density systems in the fixed satellite service”. After extensive discussions at WRC 2000, the
lower limit was decreased to 17.3 GHz.
Significant Recent Developments
Outcome of WP4-9S (October 2001)
WP4-9S continued to develop the table of frequency bands (17.3 – 86GHz) adding relevant
technical information.
WP4-9S at previous meetings considered proposals concerning possible candidate down-link
bands which are currently not allocated to the FSS (space-to-earth). The following bands are
now incorporated into the table (although the US and Canadian administrations have
indicated that they do not support the identification of bands for HDFSS that are not currently
allocated to FSS);
- 47.2-50.2 GHz,
- 21.4-22 GHz,
- 17.3-17.7 GHz.
Based on liaison statements from working parties 4A and 6S (also provided to the Special
Committee), discussion took place on the current regulatory situation for HD-FSS earth
stations in bands shared with equal rights with terrestrial services or space services operating
in the opposite direction to transmission. As a result a working document on the current
regulatory situation of typical FSS/BSS earth stations was developed. A liaison statement was
sent to working parties 4A, 6S, 8B, 8D, 8F, 9D, and the Special Committee on the
conclusions that 4-9S has reached based on discussions regarding the liaison statement form
4A and 6S on the regulatory situation of typical FSS/BSS earth stations.
The draft CPM text was updated based on inputs from Canada, France, USA, and UK.
However, due to opposing viewpoints it was difficult to reach agreement on many issues
related to this agenda item and square brackets remain throughout the draft text.
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Outcome of ITU-R WP 4A meeting (October 2001)
With respect to the allocation to the FSS in the space-to-Earth direction in the frequency band
17.3-17.7 GHz, the following interference scenarios have been studied under ‘worst case’
conditions:




GSO FSS satellite transmissions into BSS feeder-link satellite receivers
Non-GSO FSS satellite transmissions into BSS feeder-link satellite receivers
BSS feeder-link earth station transmissions into FSS (s-E) receive terminals
FSS GSO satellite transmissions into non-GSO satellite receivers
WP 4A has reviewed the results from these studies all considered to be taking a “worst-case”
approach. The assessment of space path interference indicates that high margins of protection
for BSS feeder-link satellite receivers exist. However, FSS earth station receivers using small
aperture antennas may suffer interference when located close to BSS feeder-link earth station
transmitter sites. Locations within approximately 30 km of BSS feeder-link earth station sites
may be found to be unsuitable for the deployment of FSS receivers. In many cases using
simple mitigation techniques may successfully reduce interference levels. Two examples of
such techniques are the relocation of the receive antenna to another part of the same site to
gain advantage of site shielding or change to a larger diameter dish.
It should be noted that the conclusions of WP 4A are based on information not available so
far to WP 6S.
Issues relating to the regulatory aspects of sharing the band between BSS feeder links and
HD-FSS (s-E), are a far bigger challenge. HD-FSS operators are looking to have the freedom
to deploy within a defined boundary without site specific coordination. In addition they also
wish to be given co-primary status and attain full protection. It is important that the UK
considers this issue, agrees a strategy and submits its views/proposals to WP 4A at the next
meeting scheduled for April 2002.
CEPT FM34 and WGFM (September 2001)
The working document containing preliminary text towards a draft brief was discussed and
amended:
Preliminary CEPT Position:
1.
Propose the identification by RR footnote of the following bands as being suitable for
HDFSS applications on a global basis:

19.7 – 20.2 GHz (downlink)

39.5 – 40.5 GHz (downlink)

27.5-27.8285 GHz (uplink),

28.4445-28.8365 GHz (uplink)

29.4525-29.5 GHz (uplink)

29.5 – 30 GHz (uplink)
2.
Bands shared with terrestrial services are not supported for identification on a global
basis for HDFSS applications unless sharing with existing services is demonstrated to
be feasible.
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If CEPT were to accept an identification of bands shared with terrestrial services
where HDFSS earth stations are not intended to be coordinated the following
conditions apply:
a. HDFSS receive Earth stations deployed in FSS bands shared on an equal
basis with terrestrial services (on a primary basis) or with space services
operating in the opposite direction of transmission would therefore have to
operate on a non protected basis.
b. HDFSS transmit earth station can be brought in service in bands shared on an
equal basis with terrestrial services or with space services operating in the
opposite direction of transmission, only if its coordination area does not
overlap with the territory of another country. Administrations may however,
agree on a bilateral basis to accept the interference on the basis of a global
agreement based on typical earth stations.
Principles for the development of a CEPT position
A High Density application in the Fixed Satellite Service (HD-FSS) is one which operates on
a system in the FSS, deploying a high number of ubiquitous earth stations. Satellite systems
can be of any orbital type, as GSO or non-GSO, and using any of the available technologies.
The identification of bands for the HDFSS should be based on the following principles
already agreed while developing the ERC Decisions ERC(00)07, ERC(00)08 and ERC(00)09:
-
Since HDFSS earth stations are not generally intended to be coordinated:
o
HDFSS receive Earth stations deployed in FSS bands shared on an equal
basis with terrestrial services or with space services operating in the opposite
direction of transmission would therefore have to operate on a non protected
basis.
o
HDFSS transmit earth station can be brought in service in bands shared on an
equal basis with terrestrial services or with space services operating in the
opposite direction of transmission, only if its coordination area does not
overlap with the territory of another country. Administrations may however,
agree on a bilateral basis to accept the interference on the basis of a global
agreement based on typical earth stations.
-
global identification to the greatest extent possible (however, it should be taken into
account that there may be requirements for systems operating in regional or subregional service areas);
-
in order to maximise efficient spectrum use, segmentation must be avoided to the
greatest extent possible. Mitigation techniques should be used to facilitate sharing,
without imposing undue constraints on the various services.
Agenda Item 1.26: To consider the provisions under which earth station located on
board vessels (ESVs) could operate in fixed satellite service networks, taking into account
ITU-R studies conducted in response to Resolution 82 (WRC-2000)
Issues
1. The use of the frequency bands 3700 – 4200 MHz and 5925 – 6425 MHz, currently
allocated to the FS and to the FSS, by satellite earth stations located on board vessels
operating within fixed-satellite service networks.
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2. To study in addition to the 3700 – 4200 MHz and 5925 – 6425 MHz bands, the use of
other FSS allocations for ESVs transmitting in the 6 GHz and 14 GHz bands.
Background
The regulatory and technical provisions that would enable ESVs to operate in FSS networks
in the bands 3700-4200 MHz and 5925-6425 MHz were considered under Agenda Item 1.8
during WRC-2000. The discussions were very contentious and it was agreed that further
technical, legal and regulatory studies were required before ESVs could be recognised in the
Radio Regulations. In line with this, WRC-2000 agreed Resolution 82 (WRC-00), which
requests the ITU-R to study, as a complement to the 4 and 6 GHz bands, the use of other FSS
allocations in the 11/14 GHz bands. It should be noted that the 6 and 14 GHz bands are
heavily used by the fixed service in the UK.
CEPT and ITU-R studies in response to Resolution 82 have focussed on the calculation of an
“off-shore” distance beyond which in motion ESVs would not cause harmful interference to
stations in the FS operating in the 6 GHz and 14 GHz bands. Results1 for the 6 GHz band
indicate that this distance could be in the range of 220 to 510 km depending on the
assumptions used.
Working Party 4-9S is also developing recommendations for use by Administrations who
may wish to permit the operation of ESVs within the “off-shore” distance.
Significant recent developments
In October 2001 Working Party 4-9S developed the preliminary draft new recommendation
addressing the “off-shore” distance in the 6 and 14 GHz bands. “Off-shore” distances of 300
km and 125 km are now given for the 6 GHz and 14 GHz bands respectively (Several
proposals for the “off-shore” distance were considered: 350 km from the UK, 380 km from
Iran, 300 km from France and 250 km from the US). The preliminary draft new
recommendation will be further considered by Working Party 4-9S at its meeting in April
2002.
In addition, a preliminary draft new recommendation providing an example approach for the
determination of a composite area within which interference from ESVs would need to be
evaluated was agreed. This is in response to Resolution 82, which calls upon the ITU-R to
urgently develop Recommendations on methods for coordination between terrestrial services
and ESVs.
Furthermore, Working Party 4-9S considered a proposal to make use of the band 6425-6725
MHz (extended C-band) for ESV transmissions. Because this band is used for passive
microwave measurements over the ocean (S5.458), a liaison was sent to Working Party 7C
regarding the possible use of the band for ESVs. This issue will be further considered at the
April 2002 meeting of Working Party 4-9S.
Agenda Item 1.29: To consider the results of studies related to Resolution 136 (WRC2000) and 78 (WRC-2000) dealing with sharing between non-GSO and GSO systems.
1
4-9S/TEMP/51 (Rev.1), March 2001
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Issue
1. Resolution 136 invites ITU-R: "to undertake, as a matter of urgency, the appropriate
technical, operational and regulatory studies on sharing arrangements which achieve an
appropriate balance between GSO FSS networks and non-GSO FSS systems in the frequency
range 37.5-50.2 GHz", and "to report the results of these studies to WRC-03".
2. Resolution 78 invites ITU-R to conduct, as a matter of urgency, and in time for
consideration by WRC-03, the appropriate regulatory studies to develop procedures for
application in cases where the operational or additional operational limits in Article S22 are
exceeded.
Background
1. In the Resolution 136 WRC-2000 has considered that there was an emerging interest in
operating GSO FSS networks and non-GSO FSS systems in the 37.5-50.2 GHz frequency
range and that there was a need to provide for the orderly development and implementation of
new satellite technologies in this frequency range. This Resolution is therefore seeking
sharing arrangements which could achieve an appropriate balance between GSO FSS and
non-GSO FSS systems in that band.
2. WRC-2000 has adopted in Article S22 single-entry operational limits and single-entry
additional operational limits applicable to non-GSO FSS systems (space-to-Earth) in certain
parts of the frequency range 10.7-20.2 GHz. Additional regulatory work is needed to develop
a procedure which: i) identifies the non-GSO system(s) exceeding the operational limits; and
ii) ensures expeditiously reduction, by the non-GSO system(s) identified, of the interference
to the appropriate levels.
Significant recent developments
Issue 1. WP4A have approved a Draft New Recommendation titled ‘Frequency Sharing
between GSO FSS networks and non-GSO FSS systems in the Frequency Bands 47.2-50.2
GHz and 37.5-42.5 GHz’. In the document they recommend:


That opposite polarisation may be used as a mitigation technique to allow GSO and nonGSO to share the bands.
That portions of the 37.5-42.5 GHz band are used for gateway/hub application. Where
these gateways operate on the same polarisation a separation of approximately 200 km
may be necessary.
The other mitigation technique considered appropriate is satellite diversity/arc avoidance.
Issue 2. An initial draft CPM text on ‘Development of Procedures in case the Operational or
Additional Operational Limits in Article S22 are exceeded’ has been agreed by WP4A. The
WP note Recommendations covering the identification and quantification (by measurement or
simulation) of interference from non-GSO systems in the 10.7-20.2 GHz band, covered by
Res. 78, have been developed. The following two regulatory options are being considered:

Procedures outlined in Sections V (Reports of infringement) and VI (Procedures in case
of harmful interference) of Article S15.

Procedures noted above plus a set of procedures in an Annex to an appropriate ITU-R
Recommendation.
Agenda Item 1.32: to consider technical and regulatory provisions concerning the band
37.5-43.5 GHz, in accordance with Resolutions 128 (Rev.WRC-2000) and 84 (WRC-2000).
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Issues
1.
Adequacy of the power flux density (pfd) limits included in article S21-4 for FSS, MSS
in the bands 37.5-40 GHz and 42-42.5 GHz
2.
Adequacy of the power flux density (pfd) limits included in article S21-4 for FSS 40.542 GHz
3.
Definition of technical and operational characteristics and pfd limits related to BSS in the
40.5-42.5 GHz
4. Sharing conditions between FS stations and FSS terminals in the 39.5-40 and 40.5-42
GHz
5. Interference to the Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) receiving in the band 42.5 – 43.5
GHz by possible unwanted-emissions from FSS and BSS satellites transmitting in the
neighbouring band 41.5 – 42.5 GHz (Resolution 128).
Background
WRC-2000 added a primary allocation to the fixed-satellite service in Region 1 in the band
40.5-42.5 GHz making a global allocation for FSS in this band, and also added, in region 2, a
secondary allocation for MSS in the 40.5-41 GHz band.
WRC-2000 also adopted provisional pfd limits for FSS, BSS and MSS to protect the fixed
service in the bands 37.5-40 GHz and 40.5-42.5 GHz, and, introduced by Resolution 84
(WRC-2000), particular operational requirement for GSO satellites in region 2 in the bands
37.5-40 and 42-42.5 GHz. These limits as well as the concept of operational limits are to be
studied and are subject to discussions at the next WRC, according to the resolutions
mentioned above.
Furthermore, WRC-2000 also defined pfd limits for FSS and BSS in the 41.5-42.5 GHz band
to protect radio astronomy in the adjacent 42.5-43.5 GHz band.
ERC has adopted an ERC Decision designating the band 40.5-43.5 GHz for MWS
(ERC/DEC(99)15). The current definition of MWS is a "terrestrial multipoint system which
has its origin in telecommunication and/or broadcasting, including MVDS, and which
provides fixed wireless access directly to the end user for multimedia services. MWS may
offer different degrees of interactivity and should cater for the convergence phenomena
between telecommunication services and broadcasting services.
Another ERC-Decision (00)02 for the band 37.5 – 40.5 GHz has also been adopted by ERC
giving priority for FS with regards to uncoordinated FSS terminals in the band 37.5-39.5 GHz
and providing the band 39.5-40.5 GHz for HDFSS.
Concerning the Radio Astronomy Service In Europe, the band 42.5-43.5 GHz is used in
Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the United Kingdom. The
number of radio telescopes involved is 15, while the use of this band is planned for some
other instruments. These instruments are usually single dish instruments. In France and the
United Kingdom interferometric observations are done in addition to these single dish
observations. Telescopes in all the mentioned countries except France also participate in the
European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network, EVN, or in global VLBI
observations.
Studies performed so far within CEPT (SE16 and SE19) during the previous study period
were supportive of the provisional decision made at the WRC-2000.
Significant recent developments
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Current status of work within ITU-R
Resolution 84
WP 9A, considered interference criteria to protect the fixed service systems from interference
produced by GSO and N-GSO satellites in the 37-40 GHz and 40.5-43.5 GHz bands. No final
agreement was reached regarding the interference criteria values for the GSO case. However,
WP 9A expects to complete the work on this issue at the next meeting.
WP 9B agreed the draft revision of recommendation F.1498 that provides deployment
characteristics of fixed service systems in the band 37-40 GHz for use in sharing studies.
WP 4-9S agreed a draft new recommendation providing maximum allowable values of power
flux density at the surface of the earth produced geostationary satellites in the FSS operating
in the 37.5-42.5 GHz band to protect the FS. A draft revision was also agreed for ITU-R
SF.1484 which provides maximum allowable pfd values at the Earth’s surface produced by
N-GSO satellites in the FSS operating in the 37.5-42.5 GHz bands to protect the FS. Both
recommendations were further agreed at the Joint Study Group 4-9 for adoption by
correspondence. The pfd limits recommended in these to documents are in accordance with
S.21-4.
The draft new report [4-9S/VBAND] on the fixed service and the fixed satellite service
parameters and characteristics in the 38 GHz and 40 GHz bands to be considered under
WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.32 was revised based on several contributions. These parameters are
to be used in the derivation of pfd limits applied to the satellite services to adequately protect
the FS in the 38 and 40 GHz bands.
Draft CPM Text was revised on the basis of input papers from Canada, USA, France and the
liaison statement from WP 4A. The CPM text now includes the characteristics of fixed
satellite service systems and an update of the characteristics of FS systems to include rain
fade margins.
WP 4A has agreed on a draft new Recommendation containing results of studies and the
characteristics of a number of different proposed FSS systems in these frequency bands. A
summary of details of typical systems was provided to WP 4-9S to use in their sharing
studies.
Resolution 182
WP 4A has developed a working document towards Draft CPM Text that has been liased to
WP 6S, 7D, 7E, 8A, 9D and TG 1/7 for advice particularly from 7D. In summary, based on
studies conducted, the unwanted emissions of FSS systems operating in the 40.5-42.5 GHz
appear to meet the detrimental interference criteria of RAS sites operating with VLBI
antennas. However, the unwanted emission levels may not be able to meet the detrimental
interference criteria of RAS sites operating with single dish telescopes. In cases where these
limits cannot be met, 4A has identified possible mitigation techniques that can be explored
both for the FSS and the RAS.
CEPT
The draft CEPT brief was not revised at the last meeting of CEPT PT SE19 (September
2001):
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The preliminary CEPT position is to support the limits included in article S21-4 in the bands
37.5-40 GHz and 40.5-42.5 GHz for FSS, MSS and BSS. It is expected that all
administrations or regional organisation could elaborate their own policy, and, hence, oppose
any kind of soft segmentation on the basis of pfd values.
Pfd limits and possible mitigation techniques to protect stations in the radio astronomy service
operating in the band 42.5-43.5 GHz should also be supported.
Agenda Item 1.37: To consider the regulatory and technical provisions for satellite
networks using highly elliptical orbits.
Issue
To study the characterization of the highly elliptical orbits and the sharing possibilities of
satellite systems using these orbits with other type of non-GSO networks, GSO networks and
terrestrial systems, and to identify the associated relevant regulatory provisions.
Background
Questions ITU-R 231/4 and ITU-R 241/4 call for study on defining the parameters of the
"quasi-geostationary orbit" and on sharing possibilities of quasi-geostationary satellite
systems. Highly elliptical orbits have been identified as a particular type of quasigeostationary orbits.
The features of satellite systems using highly elliptical orbits are that each satellite operates
during a specific portion of its orbit. This portion of the orbit is bounded within a "window"
which may be specified in terms of latitude, longitude, altitude and time. In order to provide
continuous service, at least one satellite will be in the window at all times. The number and
size of these windows in a given system depends on the particular system design requirements
Frequency sharing between systems employing the same type of orbit has been considered
and found to be feasible provided there is a sufficient geographical separation between active
satellites. Frequency sharing with GSO systems is generally feasible provided there is a
sufficient angular separation with the geostationary orbit. Frequency sharing with other types
of non-GSO systems may be generally difficult to achieve. A mutually satisfactory mitigation
solution has not been identified yet.
Significant recent developments
WP4A have drafted preliminary CPM text that will be completed at the meeting scheduled for
April/May 2002. The text will cover all frequency bands where HEOs could operate. Agreed
definition of an HEO is still under consideration although some progress was made on this
issue at the 4A meeting in October. It is also being suggested that HEOs be classified as nonGSO with the same regulatory standing with regard to co-frequency GSO networks as other
types of non-GSO systems. It is worth noting that 4A delegates from Russia and Israel are
keen to obtain a higher regulatory standing for HEOs that they refer to as quasi-GSO.
Administrations have been asked to submit their preference regards specification of ‘active
arc’. Should it be in terms of phase angle or in terms of time in relation to the apogee?
Within WP4 9-S A preliminary draft new recommendation ITU-R SF[4-9S/HESAT] on the
maximum allowable values of power flux-density at the surface of the Earth produced by
non-geostationary satellites in the fixed-satellite service using highly elliptical orbits and
operating in the 3 700-4 200 MHz and 10.7-12.7 GHz bands shared with the fixed service was
developed. This was based on pfd values from studies performed by USA and Japan. Based
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on the present studies, it is concluded that in the band 3.7 to 4.2 GHz, the maximum pfd at the
surface of the Earth produced by emissions of a HEO satellite should not exceed the
following values:
[136
dB(W/m2) in 1 MHz
for 0 < θ  5
136 + 0.5 (θ – 5)
dB(W/m2) in 1 MHz
for 5 < θ  25
–126
dB(W/m2) in 1 MHz
for 25 < θ  90]
Or
[142
dB(W/m2) in 1 MHz
for 0 < θ  5
142 + 0.9 (θ – 5)
dB(W/m2) in 1 MHz
for 5 < θ  25
2
124
dB(W/m ) in 1 MHz
for 25 < θ  90]
where θ is the arrival angle above the horizontal plane. The pfd values should be calculated
under free space propagation conditions.
In the band 10.7 to 11.7 GHz, in any 1 MHz band:
[126]
dB(W/m2)
[126] + 0.5 (θ – 5)
dB(W/m2)
[116]
dB(W/m2)
in the band 11.7 to 12.7 GHz, in any 1 MHz band:
[124]
dB(W/m2)
[124] + 0.5 (θ – 5)
dB(W/m2)
[114]
dB(W/m2)
for 0 < θ  5
for 5 < θ  25
for 25 < θ  90
for 0 < θ  5
for 5 < θ  25
for 25 < θ  90
where θ is the arrival angle above the horizontal plane. The pfd values should be calculated
under free space propagation conditions.
These values currently remain in square brackets and it was decided that further study is
required on the following:
•
Application of the values to point-to-multipoint FS systems in the 3.4-3.8 GHz band
(see discussion of the 3.4-3.8 GHz range in Recommendation ITU-R F.758, Table
12, and Recommendation ITU-R F.1488).
•
Application of the values to FS systems in the 4 and 11 GHz bands that use antennas
with diameters of around 1.8 metres.
•
The maximum number of active satellites visible at different latitudes.
•
Probability density function of I/N for each FS station.
The preliminary draft CPM text was developed taking the elements of these studies as well as
any information provided by 4A. A liaison statement was sent to WP4A with the draft CPM
text as an attachment.
Agenda Item 1.39: To examine the spectrum requirements in the fixed-satellite service
bands below 17 GHz for telemetry, tracking and telecommand of fixed-satellite service
networks operating with service links in the frequency bands above 17 GHz.
Issue
Spectrum requirements in the fixed satellite service bands below 17GHz for telemetry,
tracking and command (TT&C) of fixed satellite service networks operating above 17GHz.
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Background
Control of the operation of a communication satellite is by means of the commands sent to a
satellite from a designated control centre earth station. Many FSS systems utilise two sets of
TT&C frequencies, one set for launch and transfer orbit operations, and another set for inorbit operations. The existing space operation service allocations (all of which are below
3GHz) are becoming heavily used by GSO as well as non-GSO FSS systems and additional
spectrum for this purpose may be required.
To overcome spectrum congestion TT&C operations may be utilised within the FSS service
bands below 17GHz. However, TT&C carriers may become particularly susceptible to
interference from certain types of service carrier in other FSS networks.
Significant recent developments
WP 4A and 4B have asked Administrations and Sector Members to submit technical
information on the characteristics of TT&C systems in use by FSS at the present time. At its
last meeting 4A considered that the wording of Agenda Item 1.39 was non-specific. The task
was redefined to: ‘What are the additional TT&C spectrum requirements below 17 GHz per
30 of orbit, for FSS satellites whose services are above 17 GHz, without detriment to satellites
already using frequencies below 17 GHz.’ Draft CPM text has been developed which states
that studies indicate that no new regulatory or procedural changes will be necessary to meet
the TT&C requirement. It is estimated that 47 MHz uplink and 35 MHz of downlink below 17
GHz will be required in heavily used parts of the GSO. In parts of the GSO subject to average
use, it is estimated that an extra 22.5 MHz uplink and 16.5 MHz downlink will be necessary.
___________________
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