Diabetes Mellitus
PATIENT NAME __________________________ SOC
_________________
INITIAL
Diabetes mellitus.
______ ______ A. It is a syndrome in which insulin production is decreased or absent.
______ ______ B. Lack of insulin leads to elevated blood sugars.
______ ______ C. There are two classifications:
______ ______ 1. Insulin dependent diabetes.
______ ______ 2. Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Signs and symptoms.
______ ______ A. Excessive thirst.
______ ______ B. Fatigue.
______ ______ C. Increased urination.
______ ______ D. Increased appetite.
______ ______ E. Slow healing wound.
______ ______ F. Itching.
______ ______ G. Changes in vision.
______ ______ H. Weight loss or gain.
Measures important in management of diabetes mellitus.
______ ______ A. Follow prescribed diet.
______ ______ B. Monitor blood sugars
______ ______ C. See physician, dentist, and eye doctor regularly.
______ ______ D. Achieve and maintain ideal weight.
______ ______ E. Exercise regularly:
______ ______ 1. Stop immediately if any chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or nausea
occurs.
______ ______ 2. Carry a source of simple carbohydrates while exercising.
______ ______ 3. Never exercise alone.
______ ______ F. Wear a Medic Alert bracelet.
______ ______ G. Avoid nicotine.
______ ______ H. Treat any infections promptly.
______ ______ I. Weigh weekly.
______ ______ J. Carry sugar at all times.
Measures important in foot care of the diabetic.
______ ______ A. Inspect feet daily.
______ ______ B. Report any foot problems to podiatrist or physician.
______ ______ C. Wash feet daily with warm soap and water, and pat dry, especially between
the toes.
______ ______ D. Clip nails straight across and gently file with an emery board.
______ ______ E. Wear shoes that support and fit properly.
______ ______ F. Wear socks that are clean and fit properly.
______ ______ G. Avoid going barefooted.
______ ______ H. Avoid exposing feet to extreme temperature.
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Diabetes Mellitus
PATIENT NAME __________________________ SOC
_________________
Signs and symptoms of high and low blood sugar.
______ ______ A. High blood sugar:
______ ______ 1. Frequent urination.
______ ______ 2. Excessive thirst.
______ ______ 3. Headache.
______ ______ 4. Weakness.
______ ______ 5. Fatigue.
______ ______ 6. Dizziness.
______ ______ 7. Dry, flushed skin.
______ ______ 8. Nausea.
______ ______ 9. Vomiting.
______ ______ 10. Abdominal cramps.
______ ______ B. Low blood sugar:
______ ______ 1. Fatigue.
______ ______ 2. Headache.
______ ______ 3. Drowsiness.
______ ______ 4. Tremors.
______ ______ 5. Pale, moist skin.
______ ______ 6. Hunger.
______ ______ 7. Impaired vision.
Possible causes of high and low blood sugars.
______ ______ A. High blood sugar:
______ ______ 1. Excess food.
______ ______ 2. Insufficient insulin.
______ ______ 3. Lack of exercise.
______ ______ 4. Infection or fever.
______ ______ B. Low blood sugar:
______ ______ 1. Lack of food.
______ ______ 2. Excess insulin.
______ ______ 3. Unusual exercise.
What to do if symptoms of high or low blood sugar occur.
______ ______ A. High blood sugar:
______ ______ 1. Go to the emergency room.
______ ______ B. Low blood sugar:
______ ______ 1. Eat some form of glucose or carbohydrate.
______ ______ 2. Go to emergency room if symptoms persist.
______ ______ 3. Glucogon injection (check expiration date).
Management of diabetes during illnesses.
______ ______ A. Monitor blood sugars every four hours.
______ ______ B. Report results to physician for adjustment of insulin.
______ ______ C. Encourage fluids to maintain hydration.
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Diabetes Mellitus
PATIENT NAME __________________________ SOC
_________________
Possible acute complications.
______ ______ A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from extremely high blood sugar levels
causing metabolic acidosis.
______ ______ B. Hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) produces dehydration and blood
sugar levels over 800.
______ ______ C. Low blood sugars.
Possible chronic complications.
______ ______ A. Kidney or bladder disorders.
______ ______ B. Strokes.
______ ______ C. Heart disorders.
______ ______ D. Eye complications.
______ ______ E. Amputation of extremities.
______ ______ F. Diabetic neuropathy (loss of sensation in extremities).
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