CP Biology – Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis Syllabus Guide
--with Objectives and Study Guide
OBJECTIVE #1 Chromosomes and Their Structure
Describe the structure of chromosomes. Know how DNA is organized with its associated proteins. Know the
kinds and numbers of chromosomes in humans and generally in other organisms. Compare and contrast sex
chromosomes and autosomes. Know the differences between haploid and diploid cells.
Lesson
Reading
Homework
Terms for Flashcards
Assignment
CHROMOSOMES
Modern Biology: 8.1
Watch this:
histones
OR
http://learnzillion.com/ non-histone proteins
To Review:
http://www.ck12.org/book/ lessons/1751-createchromatid
http://yhoo.it/1cfRR3K Biology/r11/section/5.2/
an-outline-to-keepcentromere
or
(just the first four sections) track-of-what-yousex chromosomes
http://bit.ly/MTvZiq
OR
read
autosomes
https://www.khanacademy. Now use this “boxes
homologous chromosomes
org/science/biology/celland bullets” method to homologues
division/v/chromosomes-- take notes of what you karyotype
chromatids--chromatin--etc read or watched.
diploid
(from 8:50 on)
Be ready to use your
haploid
notes to answer
chromosome
questions in class.
Can you:
o Describe the structure of chromosomes.
o Describe how DNA is organized with its associated proteins.
o List the kinds and numbers of chromosomes in humans and generally in other organisms.
o Compare and contrast sex chromosomes and autosomes.
o Describe the differences between haploid and diploid cells.
OBJECTIVE #2 The Cell Cycle
Identify when and for what purpose cells divide. Describe how the cell cycle is organized.
Lesson
Reading
Homework
Terms for Flashcards
Assignment
CELL CYCLE
Modern Biology: 8.2 (pages
Use the “boxes and
binary fission
148-149)
bullets” method to take
cell cycle
To Review:
OR
notes of what you read or G0 phase
http://yhoo.it/1gXmKa http://www.ck12.org/book/Biol watched.
G1 phase
C
ogy/r11/section/5.1/
G2 phase
Be ready to use your
or
OR
mitosis
notes to answer
http://bit.ly/MTvZiq
http://www.youtube.com/watch questions in class.
M phase
?v=C6hn3sA0ip0
S phase
(from 1:30 to 2:27)
mitosis
meiosis
Can you:
o Identify when and for what purpose cells divide.
o Describe the phases of the cell cycle.
OBJECTIVE #3 Mitosis
Describe the process of mitosis including the events of each phase and the structures involved. Distinguish
between the structures involved in plant and animal mitosis. Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new
cells, and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction.
Lesson
Reading & Watching
Assignments
MITOSIS
Modern Biology: 8.2, bottom of
149 to 151.
To Review:
OR
http://www.biology.ariz http://www.ck12.org/book/Biolog
ona.edu/cell_bio/activit y/r11/section/5.2/
ies/cell_cycle/cell_cycl (after the first four sections)
e.html
OR
or
http://www.bozemanscience.com/
http://bit.ly/MTvZiq
mitosis
OR
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=C6hn3sA0ip0
Homework
Use the “boxes and
bullets” method to
take notes of what
you read or watched.
Be ready to use
your notes to
answer questions
in class.
Terms for
Flashcards
anaphase
cell plate
centriole
centrosome
cleavage furrow
cytokinesis
interphase
kinetochore
kinetochore fiber
meiosis
metaphase
mitosis
mitotic spindle
polar fiber
prophase
spindle fiber
telophase
Can you:
o List the phases of mitosis including the events of each phase and the structures involved.
o Distinguish between the structures involved in plant and animal mitosis.
o Explain what the purpose of mitosis is.
o Describe why mitosis maintains chromosome number.
OBJECTIVE #4 Meiosis
List the events in the stages of meiosis. Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid
cells. Explain the importance of this process in sexual reproduction, and how gametes form diploid zygotes in
the process of fertilization. Describe the additional function of the chromosome to increase genetic diversity
through crossing over.
Lesson
Reading
Homework
Terms for Flashcards
Assignment
MEIOSIS
Modern Biology: 8.3
Use the “boxes and
asexual reproduction
OR
bullets” method to take crossing over
To Review:
http://www.ck12.org/book/Biolo notes of what you read gamete
http://yhoo.it/1nmuHu gy/r11/section/5.3/
genetic recombination
or watched. Be ready
7
OR
independent assortment
to use your notes to
or
http://www.bozemanscience.co
oogenesis
answer questions in
http://bit.ly/MTvZiq
m/meiosis
polar body
class.
sexual reproduction
spermatid
spermatogenesis
shynapsis
tetrad
Can you:
o List the events in the stages of meiosis.
o Describe how haploid cells are formed.
o Explain how gametes form diploid zygotes in the process of fertilization.
o Define independent assortment.
o Describe the function and advantage of crossing over.
CP Biology – Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis Study Guide
From: http://biologyjunction.com/cell_division_notes.htm
OBJECTIVE #1 Chromosomes and Their Structure
The plans for making cells are coded in ____________________.
________________________________ is a long thin molecule that stores genetic information.
DNA in a human cell is estimated to consist of _____________________ pairs of nucleotides.
DNA is organized into giant molecules called __________________________________.
Chromosomes are made of ______________ and a ____________molecule which is tightly coiled and visible
only when the cell divides.
When a cell is not dividing the DNA is less visible and is called ___________________.
DNA in eukaryotic cells wraps tightly around proteins called ______________________ to help pack the DNA
during cell division.
________________________ proteins help control the activity of specific DNA genes.
______________________ hold duplicated chromosomes together before they are separated in mitosis.
_____________________________are the ends of chromosomes which are important in cell aging
When DNA makes copies of itself before cell division, each half of the chromosome is called a
_____________________________________.
DNA of ________________ (bacteria) is one, _____________ chromosome attached to the inside of the cell
membrane.
Humans _____________ cells have _____ pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes (diploid or 2n number).
Homologous chromosomes have genes that code for the same _____________ but are not ________________.
Human __________________(sperms & eggs) have one set or _____ chromosomes (haploid or 1n number).
Every organism has a specific chromosome __________________. (see chart for a hint)
Organism
Chromosome Number (2n)
Human
46
Fruit fly
8
Lettuce
14
Goldfish
94
___________ chromosomes, either X or Y, determine the sex of the organism.
Two X chromosomes, XX, will be ___________ and XY will be ______________.
All other chromosomes, except X & Y, are called ___________________.
Chromosomes from a cell may be arranged in pairs by size starting with the longest pair and ending with the
sex chromosomes to make a ___________________.
A human karyotype has 22 pairs of _________________ and 1 pair of ___________ chromosomes (23 total).
OBJECTIVE #2 The Cell Cycle
Identify when and for what purpose cells divide. Describe how the cell cycle is organized.
All cells are derived from ______________ cells (Cell Theory).
C___________ d___________ is the process by which cells produce new cells.
Cell division differs in prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (protists, fungi, plants, & animals)
Prokaryotes perform one type of cell division: __________ fission, where genetic material is segregated equally
between two daughter cells.
Eukaryotes perform two types of cell division:
______________: in which the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is the same as in the parent cell.
______________: in which the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is half the number in the parent
cell.
The reasons for cell division are for: Cell _________________, ___________ and ________________ of
damaged cell parts, ___________________ of the species
Some tissues must be repaired often such as the lining of gut, white blood cells, skin cells with a short lifespan.
So cells in these tissues divide _________________.
Other tissue cells do not divide at all after birth (such as ________________).
Since the instructions for making cell parts are encoded in the DNA, each new cell must get a
__________________ set of the DNA molecules.
This requires that the DNA be ___________________ before cell division.
Cell division includes both ______________ (the division of the nucleus) and cytokinesis (the division of the
________________).
Cells go through a _________ ___________ during their life before they divide to form new cells
The cell cycle includes 2 main parts --- _________, and __________. _____________ is the longest part of a cell's life cycle and is called the ____________ ________ because the
cell isn't dividing
Cells grow, develop, & carry on all their normal metabolic functions during _________________.
Interphase consists of 3 parts --- ___, ____, and ______ phases
G1 occurs _______ a cell has undergone cell division
Cells mature & increase in size by making more __________ and _________ while carrying normal
metabolic activities in G1
S Phase follows G1 and the genetic material of the cell (DNA) is _________________.
G2 occurs _________ S Phase and the cell makes all the structures needed to _____________.
Prokaryotes such as bacteria do not have a __________.
Prokaryotes divide into two identical new cells by the process of ___________ ___________.
Binary fission is an ___________ method of reproduction
Eukaryotes have a ___________ and ___________organelles which must be copied exactly so the _______
new cells formed from division will be exactly alike
The original ____________ cell and the resulting two new daughter cells must have ___________
chromosomes
Both the nucleus (__________) and the ___________ (cytokinesis) must be divided during cell division in
eukaryotes
OBJECTIVE #3 Mitosis
Describe the process of mitosis including the events of each phase and the structures involved. Distinguish
between the structures involved in plant and animal mitosis. Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new
cells, and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction.
Stages of Mitosis:
 Division of the ______________ or mitosis occurs first
 Mitosis is an ______________ method of reproduction
 Mitosis consists of 4 stages --- P_______________, M______________, A____________, & T__________
 Prophase:

Metaphase:

Anaphase:

Telophase:
Cytokinesis:
Cancer is Uncontrolled Mitosis:



Mitosis must be ________________, otherwise growth will occur without limit (cancer)
Control is by special ___________________ produced by oncogenes
___________________ in control proteins can cause cancer
____________________ proteins bind to centromere and attach chromosome to the spindle in mitosis.
The centrosomes of plant cells lack _____________.
A ________________ _______________ divides an animal cell into two during cytokinesis.
Plant cells are divided during cytokinesis by the growing _____________________.
OBJECTIVE #4 Meiosis
List the events in the stages of meiosis. Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid
cells. Explain the importance of this process in sexual reproduction, and how gametes form diploid zygotes in
the process of fertilization. Describe the additional function of the chromosome to increase genetic diversity
through crossing over.













Fertilization, joining of the egg & sperm, restores the _____________ chromosome number in the
zygote (fertilized egg cell)
New cells have a single copy of chromosomes (23 total in humans) but are not identical to each other or
the original parent cell
Used for making _______________ ( sperm and eggs) with the haploid or n number
In meiosis, cells divide _____________ after a single DNA duplication
Meiosis I separates ________________ & the Meiosis II separates ___________ _______________
Meiosis I stages are Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, & Telophase I
Meiosis II stages are Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, & Telophase II
Produces _______haploid cells or gametes
When a sperm fertilizes an egg to form a zygote, the diploid number of chromosomes is restored (23 +
23 = 46 in humans)
Egg cells or ova (ovum, singular) are larger , ______________ cells
Gametoogenesis is __________________ producing eggs & occurs in the female's ovaries
Sperms contain less _______________ so they're smaller & have a flagellum to swim to the egg
_________________________ is meiosis producing sperm cells & occurs in the testes
Meiosis I:


The cell that undergoes Meiosis I is a primary spermatocyte or oocyte
Prophase I:

Metaphase I:

Anaphase I:

Telophase I:
Meiosis II




Prophase II:
o Cells called Secondary Spermatocytes or oocytes
o DNA is not copied before cell divides
o Chromatids attach to spindle fiber
Metaphase II:
Anaphase II:
o Sister chromatids separate randomly
o Called ____________________assortment
Telophase II:
o Cytokinesis occurs producing _______cells in males called spermatids
o Spermatids mature & form flagellum to become sperm
o Cytokinesis in females produces a 2nd Polar Body that dies and an _________
o Ootids mature to become _____________
Asexual & Sexual reproduction:




________________ is the slow process of change in living populations over time
Variations are differences that occur due to __________________among members of a sexually
reproducing population
Variations are important to the ________________ of individuals in a population (some must survive to
reproduce)
____________________ reproducing organisms rarely show variations because the organisms have
identical genes