SCI 111 – Introduction to Physics and Chemistry
Chapter 8 FOCUS: Atoms and Periodic Properties
Key Concepts about the Atom and its Structure

Know what JJ Thompson and Robert Millikan are credited for discovering about the atom. Also
know their basic methodology that lead tem to their revolutionary discoveries

Discuss Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment and know what he is credited for discovering about the
atom. State his concept of the structure of the atom

Discuss the Balmer Series of the hydrogen atom, including what a line spectra can tell you
SCI 111 Chapter 8 Focus: page 1 of 4

Know the Bohr model and theory in detail, including his concept of energy-level orbit, ground state
and excited state, quantum leap and photon emission. Understand Figures 8.10 and 8.11 on page
230 and Equation 8.4 on page 231

Know the basic similarity and difference between the Bohr Model and Quantum Mechanics Model
The Periodic Table

Know the basics about the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table of Elements:
Period
Family (Group)

Know how to read and use the Periodic Table of Elements (Fig 8.17 on page 237)
 Understand the “Key” ;
 Know basic aspects of these Families:
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
SCI 111 Chapter 8 Focus: page 2 of 4


Know the difference in properties between:
Metals
Nonmetals
Understand the Electron Dot Notation and its tie to an A-group Family (representative elements)
 Be able to depict any given element (Figure 8.18 on page 239)
Know the definitions of the following

Electron

Proton

Neutron

Nucleus

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass Units (u)

Atomic Weight

Mass Number
SCI 111 Chapter 8 Focus: page 3 of 4

Ions:

Isotopes

Orbital
o
Positive Ion
vs
Negative Ion
Outer Orbital Electrons

Representative Elements

Spectroscope
Chapter 8 Highly Recommended Practice Problems
Parallel Exercises, Group B #12, page 247: STATE THE NAME OF THE ELEMENT FIRST
AND THEN: Identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following isotopes:
14
(a) 7 N
7
(b) 3 Li
35
(c) 17 Cl
48
(d) 20 Ca
63
(e) 29 Cu
230
(f) 92 U
Parallel Exercises, Group B #13, page 248: WRITE THE CHEMICAL SYMBOL FIRST AND
THEN: Identify the period and the family in the periodic table for the following elements:
(a) Xenon
(b) Potassium
(c) Chromium
(d) Argon
(e) Bromine (f) Barium
Parallel Exercises, Group B #15, page 248: Write the electron dot notations for the following
elements:
(a) Aluminum
(b) Fluorine (c) Magnesium (d) Sodium
(e) Carbon
(f) Chlorine
Parallel Exercises, Group B #16, page 248: WRITE OUT THE CHEMICAL SYMBOL FIRST
AND THEN: Identify the charge on the following ions:
(a) Aluminum
(b) Chlorine (c) Magnesium (d) Sodium
(e) Sulfur
SCI 111 Chapter 8 Focus: page 4 of 4