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Chapter 2 Study Guide
Lesson 1: Pages 83-86
1. Explain the advantages of each side. (Pg 83)
North (Union)
South (Confederacy)
 More resources and factories More rural way of life would prepare them
produced more supplies (90%)
for war.
 More railroads, canals, roads and
 Better military leaders (Mexican War)
money to move supplies.
 Were fighting for their homeland.
 Produced more food
 Hunted and were familiar with weapons.
 Larger population
2. What strategies did the Confederacy believe would help them win the war? (Pg 84)
They would defend their territory until the North gave up and that Britain would assist in the
war.
3. Describe the Union’s Anaconda Plan. (Pg 84)
Winfield Scott’s plan to set up blockades off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts
1. Set up blockades
2. Capture territory along the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in two
3. Attack from the east and west and squeezed the Confederacy like an anaconda
4. What happened at the First Battle of Bull Run? (pg 85)
This was a very confusing battle. First, the Union was winning, but Stonewall Jackson refused to
retreat. Then, more Confederate troops arrived and the Union troops retreated.
5. How did Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson get his nickname? (p 85)
Stonewall and his men stood “like a stone wall.” Eventually more confederate troops arrived
and the Union soldiers retreated.
Lesson 2: Pages 89-93
6. What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? (Pg 90)
It said that slaves in Confederate states not controlled by the Union were free, and many African
Americans were encouraged to fight for the Union cause.
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7. What role did African Americans have in the war? (Pg 91)
In the beginning of the war, they served as cooks, servants, and other workers. In 1862, they
were allowed to join the Union army to fight.
8. Since women were not allowed to fight in the war, how did they contribute? (Pg 92)
Women ran farms and businesses and became teachers, office workers, spies, soldiers and
nurses. They also sewed clothing for the soldiers and sent them any food they could spare.
9. Who was the “Angel of the Battlefield” and what did she do? (Pg 92)
Clara Barton-she cared for wounded soldiers and created the American Association of the Red
Cross.
Lesson 3: Pages 97-101
10. What was the importance of the Battle of Gettysburg? (Pg 97)
A three day battle that was an important victory for the North. Lee’s advance into the North
was stopped and he retreated back to Virginia-this was the farthest North the Confederate army
ever got.
11. Why did Sherman move his army towards Atlanta during the Atlanta campaign? (pg 100)
He moved his army towards Atlanta because it was a vital industry and railway center.
12. What was total war? Where was it used? (Pg 101)
Total war is to destroy the opposing army and the people’s will to fight. It was used by General
Sherman on his “March to the Sea” from Atlanta to Savannah.
13. Who was General Robert E. Lee?
He was the Confederates most capable general. He surrendered to General Grant to end the
war.
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14. Who was General Ulysses S. Grant?
He headed the Union forces.
15. How did the war end? Where did the war end? (Pg 101)
General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse and the Civil War was
over.
Lesson 4: Pages 107-111
16. What does Reconstruction mean? (Pg 107)
The rebuilding and healing of the country after the war.
17. Who became the new president after Lincoln was assassinated? (Pg 107)
Andrew Johnson became President.
18. What major problems did the South face at the end of the Civil War? (Pg 107)
Farms and businesses had been destroyed, the plantation economy had been destroyed, former
slaves couldn’t find jobs, and thousands of citizens had lost everything they owned.
19. What effect did black codes have on African Americans? (Pg 107)
Black codes limited the civil rights of African Americans similar to those they faced under
slavery. These laws denied African Americans the right to vote, participate in jury trials, own
guns or land, or hold certain jobs.
20. How did Lincoln and Johnson differ in their policies regarding Reconstruction? (Pg 107)
Johnson tried to block the passage of several laws that granted rights to African Americans.
People thought Johnson was too easy on the south.
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21. How did the Freedmen’s Bureau help newly freed African Americans? (Pg 108)
Provide newly freed with food, clothing, and some basic supplies to survive the post-war ruin in
the South. Also helped teach former slaves how to read.
22. Who were the carpetbaggers and scalawags? (Pg 108)
Carpetbaggers: Northern businessmen and political appointees who came to the South to make
money at the expense of the defeated Confederates.
Scalawags: Southerners who cooperated with Northern officials or who went into business with
carpetbaggers.
23. Fill in the Chart.
13th Amendment
Declared slavery illegal.
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Gave African Americans
citizenship and said that no
state could deny the equal
protection of the law to all
citizens.
Gave all male citizens the
right to vote.
24. What were Jim Crow Laws? (Pg 110)
These laws enforced segregation. Under these laws blacks could not sit with whites on trains or
stay in certain hotels. They could not eat in certain restaurants or attend certain schools,
theaters or parks.
25. Define segregation. (Pg 110)
Separation of blacks and whites.
26. Who were sharecroppers? (Pg 110)
Rented land from landowners, they paid for their rent with a portion of their crop.