Name _______________________________________ Date ________
Must be completed by March 13, 2015. This webquest covers material which
we have done already as review, and current material that we are covering in
our current genetics unit. It can be filled out online in the word document and
e-mailed to me, or printed and given to me. You may also hand write your
answers neatly and submit it by the due date. Just get it done by 3/13!
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu
Run the entire Tour of the basics
Answer these questions—in order through the slides/sections
What is DNA?
1. DNA is found in the n_________ of cells.
2. It is in the form of structures called c_______________. Every human cell
except sex cells (gametes) has 2 each of 23 kinds for a total of _____.
3. DNA means d_______________ r_____________, and it is the form of a
d___________ h__________.
4.
Each half the helix is made of units adenine ____, thymine ___, cytosine
___, and guanine ____.
5. Adenine always pairs with ___________ in the DNA, and cytosine always
pairs with _______________.
6. The letters made up words composed of ____ letters each, and each word
is called a codon. Codons tell the ribosomes of a cell the order of amino
acids to link together into a protein.
7. The codons link together into sentences called g_______, and these
g________ tell a cell how to make p_____________.
What is a gene?
8. A gene is the instruction for making a type of p__________.
9. Each cell of our body contains about _____________ genes. Does a
chromosome contain one gene or many genes? __________
10. The disease sickle cell anemia is due to a m___________ in the gene
that codes for hemoglobin protein. The job of hemoglobin is to allow r___
b_______ cells to carry O_________. People with sickle cell anemia have
cells that _____________________________________.
What is a chromosome?
11. If all the DNA in a single human cells were spread out end to end, its
length would be _______________.
12. All this DNA can fit into a single cell because it is wrapped around
special p________ to form c___________.
13.
Do different species have the same number chromosomes? _______
14. How many chromosomes in a human body cell, total? ________ How
many types of chromosomes in a human cell? _______ How many of each
type do fathers donate to offspring? ____Mothers? ___
15. In the picture of a person’s chromosomes, males have an ____sex
chromosome and a ____ sex chromosome, in addition to ___ other nonsex chromosomes, called autosomes. Females have two ____ sex
chromosomes and ___ other autosomes.
16.
How many chromosomes onions? ____Mosquitos? ___Carp? ___
What is a protein?
17. Our bodies contain about 100 _________________ cells. In these cells
the machines that do work are molecules called _____________.
18. Animals feel pain because cells called n_________ send messages to
the brain. Draw one of these cells. R ___________ proteins on the cells
enable them to send messages to others lying end to end in a chain
leading to the brain. Str___________ proteins give cells the special shape.
19. When its time for a cell to make a protein, the right gene is copied into a
similar molecule called messenger __________. This process is called
trans____________. Then this copy of a single gene, mRNA, goes to the
cytoplasm where a r_______________ uses its instructions to link
a___________ a______________ into a p_________ according to the
order of words (3 letter codons) that were in the g_________. The process
carried out to make the protein from the mRNA’s instructions is called
trans___________.
What is heredity?
20. H______________ is passing t________ from parents to their offspring.
21. Each human parent contributes a complete set of ___ chromosomes.
22. Males pass DNA to offspring in cells called gametes or ___________;
females pass their DNA to offspring in gametes called ______ or ova.
23. The cell formed when sperm enters the egg is called a z___________.
This cell d___________ many times to form huge number of cells in a baby.
24. Watch the animation carefully. Each parent must give exactly ____ of
each chromosome to the child if it is to be healthy.
25. True or false. Which of his own two chromosomes (homologous
chromosomes) of each type given by a father to his child is random.
________
26. True or False. It is possible to predict which of her two chromosomes of
each type a mother will donate to her child. ___________
27. True or false. Every child of the same couple receives the same set of
chromosomes from both mother and father. ___________
28. Why does each child of a couple, except for identical twins, have a
unique set of traits versus all the other children of the couple?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
29. Why can some traits continue to be passed through generation after
generation of a family, while other traits (e.g., a disease gene on one of the
chromosomes) disappear over the generations?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
What is a trait?
30. A trait is
____________________________________________________________
31. Some traits are ph_______________, like eye color, but some are
be_____________. Is predisposition to a disease, like certain cancers
obesity, a trait? (always, never, sometimes) __________________
32. Are traits completely determined by DNA? _____Give an example that
supports your answer.
____________________________________________________________
33.
Hitchhikers thumb is a recessive trait. Write genotypes for a person who:
Does not have hitchhiker’s thumb & can not pass the trait _______
Does not have hitchhiker’s thumb, but can pass it to children (so, this
person is a “carrier” of hitchhiker thumb trait. ________
Has hitchhiker’s thumb & can pass on the trait to offspring _______
34. In #33, circle the genotype of the person who is homozygote and does
not show the recessive hitchhiker thumb trait. ___________ Draw a
rectangle around the person whose genotype is heterozygotic dominant.
Write the genotype of the person whose phenotype is the recessive
phenotype. _______ Does this person who shows the recessive trait have
a homozygous or heterozygous phenotype? __________
35. In the animation, both the mother and father have
h___________________genotypes for hitchhiker’s thumb phenotype, and it
is (?random or predetermined?) ____________________ which of the 2
different alleles—dominant allele H or recessive allele h—either passes on.
36. What is the difference in genotypes and phenotypes of a trait, like color
in carnations, that is co-dominant versus a trait that a simple trait like
hitchhiker’s thumb. Be specific.
__________________________________________________________
Now return to the home page for http://learn.genetics.utah.edu
Run the interactive tutorial: Build a karyotype.
37. Afterwards describe what you now know about karyotypes of humans,
how they are made, and why they are useful.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Now return to the home page for http://learn.genetics.utah.edu
Go to DNA to protein and run Interactive tutorial: Build a DNA molecule
Afterwards, describe what you know about the structure of DNA, how its
copied, and why it’s important that all of its bases paired with complementary
nucleotide bases.
38. __________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_klug_essentials_5/17/4572/1170649.cw/content/i
ndex.html
Run the two animations and do the two exercises. In the exercises, you will be
assigning genotypes to people whose phenotype is shown by shading.
Carriers are shown by half-colored circles.
Use the alleles H dominant or h recessive in these examples.
39. What is the genotype of a person who shows a dominant trait? _____ or
_____ For a person who does not show a dominant trait? ______
40. What is the genotype for a person who shows a recessive trait? ____For
a person who does not show a recessive trait? ______
41. If a trait is sex linked, it is coded by a gene on the _____ chromosome.
What is the genotype of a women who has a recessive sex linked disorder,
coded by the allele Xh? ______________ What is the genotype of a women
who does not have the recessive disorder coded by Xh, but who can pass
it on to her offspring? ______________ What is the genotype man who
has a recessive sex linked disorder? ____________ What is the genotype
of a man who does not have a sex linked disorder? _____________Why
do men suffer sex linked recessive disorders more often than women?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
What is the reason that sex linked alleles are written above the X like this X H or
Xh? ___________________________________________________________
42. Write your answers for the 10 questions in the post quiz. Do not submit
them online.
1
2
9
3
10
4
5
6
7
8
Now, examine your own family pedigrees. These are the inheritance
patterns:
Having a Widow’s peak—recessive trait
Having a hitchhiker’s thumb—recessive trait
Having dimples—a dominant trait
Having ability to curl the tongue—a dominant trait
Having curles—a dominant trait
Having attached earlobe—a recessive trait.
Chapter 14 in your text has a section on pedigrees that will help you, as well as the
website you just used.
Turn in your pedigrees with every persons possible
genotypes labeled before you leave class today.
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/inheritance/intr
o.html
This website will help you learn principles of Mendelian genetics. You
can also study these in your textbook, chapter 11.1, 11.2. Click on the
top file drawer of the genetic X files
Click the orange eyes file.
43.
What letter is used for the dominant allele?___ Recessive allele? _____
44. What is the dominant phenotype? ______________The recessive
phenotype? _________________
45. Is the disorder sex linked? ___________ How can you tell?
_______________________________________________________
46. What genotype (s) code for an GenAlien having the recessive
phenotype? ________________ What genotype (s) code for an GenAlien
having the dominant phenotype?
47. Which generation is the F1 generation, 1st, 2nd, or 3rd? ______ P?
______ F2? __________
48. Who must be mated to from an F2 generation?
____________________________________________________ Why don’t
geneticist study F2 generations in people?
_____________________________________________________
In the Egyptian pharoah’s families, were there any F2 generations?
_____________________________________________________
49.
Draw the Punnett square for the F1 generation & the F2 generation.
50. What is the reason that a 2 x 2 square is needed to show all possible
genotypes of offspring in a monohybrid cross?
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
51. What is the importance of the letters written inside the square?
______________________________________________________
52. For the F1 generation in this cross, what was the phenotypic ratio of the
children? (what fraction—in quarters-- had the dominant phenotype and the
recessive phenotype)
______________________________________________________
53. What is the genotypic ratio of the F1 offspring (how many quarters are
OO, Oo, and oo? _____________________________________
54. Why do orange eyes appear in the F2 generation and the P generation,
but not in the F1 generation, and why is the ratio of black to orange 3:1 in
the F2 generation?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________