BIOLOGY 11
Mrs. Garrison
Plants
Traits of the kingdom
Adaptations required to live on land
Shoot
Roots
Adaptations to avoid desiccation
Waxy cuticle in stems and leaves (not roots)
Stomata (singular = stoma) surrounded by guard cells
1
Adaptations for transport of water and P/S products
Vascular system
xylem -
Function
Transpiration
phloem -
2
Translocation
Leaves (= source)
Non-P/S parts of plant (= sink)
Sucrose diffusion
Plant growth
Primary growth
Secondary growth
3
Meristematic tissue
Apical meristem –
Vascular cambium –
Tree rings
4
Plant Hormones
Hormone
Auxins -
Shoot growth
Abscission
Vascular tissue differentiation
Secondary growth
5
Phototropism
Gibberellins -
Stem elongation
Rosettes
Ethylene
Ripens fruit
Leaf abscission
Fading of chlorophyll
Fading of flowers
Hormones responsible for:
Apical dominance
6
Gravitropism
Circadian Rhythms
Pigment phytochrome is often involved
Pr
Pfr
Photoperiodism
Flowering
Short day plants
Long day plants
Day-neutral plants
Mechanism
7