Course Name: Health
Semester: 1
Unit Number: 1
Section Number: 3
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Section 3: Mental and Emotional Health
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What inspires you? What stresses you out? What do you do to relieve stress? How do you feel
about yourself, your talents, your limitations? What gets you down, and how do you get back up?
How do you help someone else who is struggling with personal troubles?
As you learned in previously, mental and emotional health refers to how people think, feel and
react toward themselves and other people in their daily lives. A person with strong mental and
emotional health can:
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Recognize and manage different types of stresses as they arise
Develop awareness of mental and emotional disorders (such as ADHD, and eating
disorders) and possibilities for their treatment
Recognize self-esteem and understand its process when developing and maintaining
relationships with family, friends and members of the community
Grieve effectively
Make healthy decisions
Express emotions and feelings in ways that are appropriate for a given context
Now, we will explore these topics and consider how they impact your life.
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Section Objectives
After you have completed this section, you will be able to:
1. Understand Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and how it relates to emotional health.
2. Explain the different types of emotions.
3. Describe how emotions affect individuals and their relationships.
4. Apply skills in appropriately expressing emotions.
5. Apply communication skills that demonstrate empathy and respect for self, family, and others.
6. Identify decision-making skills that promote mental and emotional health.
3
Section Assignments 80 points
In this unit you will complete the following graded assignments:
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DECIDE Model Activity 30 points
Emotions Discussion 20 points
Understanding Emotions Quiz 30 points
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<Insert interactive questions 2.1.4>
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Section Warm-Up: What do you know about mental and emotional health?
Please include a sound element when students click for the answer.
To test your knowledge about mental and emotional health, answer the following questions, and
then click to reveal the answer:
<Insert interactive questions 2.1.4>
How do you recognize emotions: your own and those of others? Match the emotion expressed in
each image with the name of the emotion.
<insert matching game 2.2.4>
<Interactive question> What are emotions, and which emotions are most common?
<hidden answer> Emotions are feelings expressing our basic needs that spring from our
instincts for survival. The three main emotions from which other emotions are derived are:
love/affection, fear and anger.
<Interactive question> Managing stress is an important part of mental and emotional health.
Name three major causes of personal stress.
<hidden answer> Some causes of stress include: illness or injury; crime; self-abuse; changes
in family; confrontations or arguments; moving to a new community; death of a loved one.
<Interactive question> Depression is a mental/emotional state characterized by prolonged
sadness and feelings of inadequacy. What are some other symptoms of depression?
<hidden answer> Some symptoms of depression can include: feelings of despair or
hopelessness; withdrawal from friends and family; loss of interest in activities; feelings of
worthlessness and guilt; thoughts of suicide or death.
<insert matching game 2.2.4>
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Image
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Happy person
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Emotion
Happiness
Sadness
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person
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person
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Anger
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Angry person
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person
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Love
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Woman and child smiling
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Woman and child smiling
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Fear
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Understanding And Managing Emotions
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“You’re so emotional!”
Haven’t we all felt this way about a friend or a family member, or even about ourselves? It’s true
for every person: we are all emotional beings. Having and expressing emotions is what humans
do to react to daily life’s ups and downs. Managing emotions by expressing them effectively is a
key to developing mental and emotional health. Communicating emotions effectively help a
person develop healthy relationships and self-esteem. This section will help you learn more
about managing emotions appropriately.
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Needs and Emotions: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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<insert tutorial 2.2.5> Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: The Pyramid of Needs
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970), a pioneer in the study of psychology, created a Hierarchy of
Needs to rank basic human needs from most basic to most complex. View this interactive tutorial
to introduce yourself to the Pyramid of Needs, keeping in mind the parts emotions and emotional
health play in how people get their needs met.
<insert tutorial 2.2.5>
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Understanding Emotions
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Emotions are sometimes also called feelings. Emotions are what you feel when your mind and
body communicate to let you know how to react to the world. Emotions can sometimes be easy
to identify—you can be absolutely mad that your brother borrowed your DVD without asking; you
can be elated about meeting a new best friend. Other times, emotions can be confusing—did
she really mean that hurtful thing she said or was she joking? Do I feel good about how I handled
that confrontation, or should I feel guilty? Knowing the different types of emotions and healthy
ways to express them is an important part of staying healthy.
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Types of Emotions
<Please include a sound element when students click for the answer.>
Love
Love involves the expression of affection, respect and concern. Love can take the form of self
love and love of others. Love of things is not actually love, because love must have the potential
for mutuality—what you love must have the potential to love you back.
<Interactive question> What are some ways a person can appropriately show love for self or
love for another?
<hidden answer> Physical affection, loving words, active listening, good deeds, attempts to
understand another’s views, acknowledging and maintaining appropriate boundaries.
<insert interactive question 2.2.6.>
Happiness
Expressing happiness comes easily to many people: when a person is truly happy, she often
smiles or acts excited and animated or serene and content. Happiness describes the emotion
people feel when they are personally satisfied or feel positive in reaction to something that has
happened. When a person is happy, she has increased energy and creativity and is generally
able to be more socially open with others.
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Types of Emotions
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Anger
Often people express anger in reaction to being hurt either physically or emotionally. People
express anger in different ways, from suppressing and hiding it, to resorting to hostility toward
self or others. Expressing anger appropriately, while not hurting self or others, is one key to
developing mental and emotional health.
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<insert interactive question 2.2.7.1>
Sadness
Sadness is a normal and often healthy reaction to things that happen to people every day.
People feel sad for many reasons, including feeling rejected by someone, being disappointed in
oneself or in some bad news, or in response to losing a loved one. Sadness can be a brief
reaction or it can last for an extended period of time, as in the case of managing the process of
grief. People often express sadness by withdrawing physically and emotionally, by showing
lower levels of energy, and being discouraged more than normal.
Fear
Fear is a natural reaction to surprise or threat. When a person is startled by something
unexpected, he or she often responds first with a reaction of fear. Fear often causes reactions of
heightened alertness, or a “fight or flight” response that helps the body act to keep itself safe in
the face of danger. Fear, though an unpleasant emotion for most people to experience can be
very useful in maintaining both physical and emotional health.
Fear becomes unhealthy when it becomes habitual in response to an imagined threat. At this
point, fear has developed into a phobia. For example, someone who has xenophobia is afraid of
strangers. Xenophobes might imagine that every stranger they meet wants to bring harm to
them. A xenophobe can no longer function normally in daily activities. Since they are often very
serious and sometimes life-threatening, phobias often require a person to get professional
counseling help.
For all interactive questions, please include a sound element when students click for the
answer.
<insert interactive question 2.2.7.1>
<Interactive question> What are some ways a person can appropriately express their anger?
<hidden answer> Talk to a friend or family member, exercise or “take it out” safely through a
controlled physical activity, write about it, use breathing or other relaxation techniques to regain
personal control.
<insert interactive questions 2.2.7.2>
<Interactive question> Hematophobia
<hidden answer> Fear of blood
<insert interactive questions 2.2.7.3>
<Interactive question> Arachnophobia
<hidden answer> Fear of spiders
Phobia Activity
There are many different types of phobias. Look at the phobias listed below: can you figure out
what any of them are based on their names?
<insert interactive questions 2.2.7.2>
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<insert interactive questions 2.2.7.4>
<insert interactive questions 2.2.7.5>
<insert interactive questions 2.2.7.6>
<insert interactive questions 2.2.7.4>
<Interactive question> Acousticophobia
<hidden answer> Fear of noise
<insert interactive questions 2.2.7.5>
<Interactive question> Heliophobia
<hidden answer> Fear of the sun
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<Interactive question> Somniphobia
<hidden answer> Fear of sleep
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Managing Emotions: Step One
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You may think of emotions as good or bad: “happiness is good, and anger is bad.” However,
emotions are neither good nor bad; they are natural reactions to life. It is how a person deals
with his or her emotions that effects mental and emotional health. From family, peer groups and
communities, people learn both positive and negative ways to express emotions. It is important
to learn strategies to effectively communicate needs and emotions and learn healthy ways to
express them.
Your next assignment for this unit will be a discussion on managing emotions. Begin preparation
for this graded assignment now by considering the emotions you experience each day. Choose
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two emotions, and make some notes on the following:
1.
How do you usually know when you are feeling these two emotions? What are your
individual signs?
2.
When you feel an emotion, what is your initial reaction to it? How do your immediate
thoughts and behavior change in response to your feelings?
3.
How do you usually respond to these two emotions? How do you express them, if at all?
What do you do to express your anger, your fear, and your love?
Keep these notes for the upcoming discussion.
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Managing Emotions: Step Two
Please revise existing interactive table in Health course Unit 1, Section 4, Part A with this new
text and <insert interactive table 2.2.9>
Defense Mechanisms
Sometimes when we don’t have skills and strategies to effectively manage our emotions, we
avoid dealing with them by turning to defense mechanisms. Some defense mechanisms are
conscious and seem obvious to us after the fact. Others seem involuntary or subconscious.
Awareness of the different defense mechanisms allows a person to more healthfully assess how
he is reacting to stressful situations or basic needs and to express his emotions appropriately.
Defense Mechanism
Repression
Definition
Most common defense
mechanism. The involuntary
pushing of unpleasant feelings
out of conscious thought.
Read the following chart, and think of times when you might have used some of these defense
mechanisms. Do any of them seem familiar? After reviewing the chart, complete the matching
game to review the new information you have learned.
<insert interactive table 2.2.9>
<insert matching game 2.2.9.1>
Suppression
Conscious, intentional pushing of
unpleasant feelings out of
conscious thought.
Example
A person experiences
physical symptoms of
illness and wonders if
he/she has an illness;
refuses to go to a doctor for
fear of hearing an
undesirable diagnosis.
Not telling spouse about
diagnosis of illness.
Projection
A person unconsciously attributes
An aide dislikes a
his/her unacceptable feelings to
particular patient. This is
others.
unacceptable to her so she
says that the patient does
not like her.
Denial
Unconscious lack of
acknowledgment of something
that is obvious to others.
Regression
Reverting to childish or childlike
behaviors to recapture a time
when there weren’t so many
responsibilities.
Rationalization
Making excuses to explain a
situation or behavior, instead of
taking responsibility for it.
A patient diagnosed with
late stage cancer tells
friends and family that she’s
having a hard time getting
over the flu this season.
A patient makes childish
demands and becomes
dependent upon the nurse
for care that she could do for
herself.
A student drops out of
school because the teachers
are boring.
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Compensation
Excelling in one area to make up
for feelings of failure in another.
A student wants to
become a famous doctor,
but settles for nursing
instead.
Please revise existing matching game in Health course Unit 1, Section 4, Part A and <insert
matching game 2.2.9.1>. Please revise the game by removing the following terms and
their definitions:
-Displacement
-Reaction Formation
-Sublimation
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Managing Emotions: Step Three
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Strategies for Managing Emotions
Now that you have looked at how you currently react to your emotions, let’s look at some ways to
actively manage your emotions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Look at the cause. Emotions are a sign of something else going on. What’s behind the
emotion? What are you actually reacting to? Finding this answer may help make your
emotional reactions make more sense and seem more manageable.
Put the emotion and the circumstance into perspective. Will this situation matter
tomorrow? Next week? How much energy should you give to it right now?
What are your choices and their consequences? Try to think about ways you can react
and think of the consequences each choice might bring about.
React positively instead of negatively. Think of a healthy outlet for this emotion: can
you exercise or talk with a trusted friend, rather than punching a wall or gossiping?
Seek help. If you can’t seem to get beyond your negative or unhealthy feelings, go to a
counselor or friend and see what help is available.
DECIDE Model Activity 30 points
Refer to section 2 to review the DECIDE Model:
D Define the problem/issue.
E Explore the alternatives or options. What are your choices, given these circumstances?
C Consider the Consequences. What are the pros and cons for each option?
I Identify your values. What is most important to you, and how do these options fit your beliefs?
D Decide and take action.
E Evaluate and revise. Experience may show you a better way to decide next time.
Now, complete the DECIDE Model <insert link to DECIDE Model> based on the following
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scenario.
Think back over the last few days or last week and choose a moment in which you felt an
emotion very strongly toward yourself or toward another person: fear, love, anger, happiness,
etc. Consider how you reacted or managed your emotion: what were your immediate feelings
and reactions, and how did you decide to communicate and resolve them? Now, re-think the
scenario. Review the Strategies for Managing Emotions above. Fill in the DECIDE Model to
explore your options for how to react with appropriate expressions and how you might react
differently if faced with a similar situation in the future.
The rubric for the DECIDE Model activities can be found within the Getting Started section.
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Emotions Discussion 20 points
<Insert image 2.2.11>
Go back and review the sections on managing emotions (Steps One, Two, and Three). Now,
using your notes, your knowledge of defense mechanisms, and your DECIDE Model experience,
post a thread to the discussion board detailing an emotion of your choice. Include in your post:
1.
A full description of the emotion: which emotion, what its characteristics or signs are, and
how many people tend to express it.
A fictional example scenario in which someone inappropriately expresses the emotion.
Some possible defense mechanisms the person in your example may experience in
relation to the emotion.
Three suggestions, stated in your own words, for how the person may appropriately and
healthfully manage his or her emotion.
2.
3.
4.
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Then, respond to one other student’s thread, detailing how you might have handled their
scenario similarly or differently, and why.
You can view and download a list of the criteria to grade discussions by clicking on this link:
<insert link to discussions rubric>
14
Review
Use this ordering game to review vocabulary and concepts before you take your section quiz.
<insert ordering game 2.2.12>
Fear
Repression
<insert ordering game 2.2.12>
Abraham Maslow
Love
Esteem
Denial
Physical Need
Phobia
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Understanding Emotions Quiz 30 points
A natural reaction to surprise or threat.
The involuntary pushing of unpleasant feelings out of
conscious thought.
A pioneer in the study of psychology who created a Hierarchy
of Needs to rank basic human needs from most basic to most
complex.
The expression of affection, respect and concern.
The need to be appreciated and valued as part of a
community. It also includes developing confidence.
The unconscious lack of acknowledgment of something that
is obvious to others.
The most basic human need: food, water, sleep, and shelter.
A fear that becomes unhealthy when it is habitual and
exaggerated in response to an imagined threat.
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Congratulations on completing this section! In this section you learned about:






Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and how it relates to emotional health.
Different types of emotions.
How emotions affect individuals and their relationships.
How to apply skills in appropriately expressing emotions.
Using communication skills that demonstrate empathy and respect for self, family, and
others.
Identifying decision-making skills that promote mental and emotional health.
Now it’s time to take the section quiz. Please check your understanding of the topics above
before proceeding to take the quiz. After you have completed the quiz, continue with the unit.
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