14/12/2009
To: Dan Crowley, Principal Environmental Health Officer.
From: Cora Murray, Senior Environmental Health Officer and Jenny Fortune,
Environmental Health Officer.
Title: A Survey into the Environmental Health Standards Operating in Beauty
Salons, March – April 2009, by the Environmental Health Department, HSE, Co.
Donegal.
Contents:
1. Introduction
1.1 Regulatory background
1.2 Training
1.3 Case Incidence
1.4 Potential Health Risks
1.5.Role of the Environmental Health Officer
2. Executive summary
3. Scope & Limitations
4. Methodology
4.1 Aims
4.2 Objectives
4.3 Survey development and conduct
5. Results
5.1 EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006
5.2 Microbiological results
5.3 Hygiene standards observed and practices reported
5.3.1. Facilities for Cleaning
5.3.2. Facilities for Hand washing
5.3.3. Laundry
5.3.4. Storage of Equipment
5.3.5. Services – sanitary accommodation, heating, lighting and
ventilation
5.3.6. Policies – disposable gloves, patch tests, personal hygiene
5.3.7. Personal Hygiene
5.3.8. Waste disposal
5.3.9. Equipment for Sterilisation and Disinfection
5.3.10. Cleaning of Implements / Tools
5.3.11. Practices:
5.3.12. After-Care Leaflets:
5.3.13. Client Record Cards:
5.3.14. Training
5.3.15. First Aid Kit:
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5.3.16. Laser and Intense Pulsed Light Treatment:
5.3.17. Medical Clinic
5.3.18 General Observations
6. Conclusions
7. Recommendations
8. Acknowledgements
9. Appendices
9.1 Description of beauty treatments
9.2 Extracts from EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 – 2006
9.3. Letter issued to operators prior to survey
9.4 Information sheet accompanying microbiological results
9.5 Information sheet accompanying chemical analysis results
9.6 Detailed Breakdown of Microbiological Results Obtained
9.7 Treatments Offered by Beauty Salons
9.8 Implementation of Report Recommendations
9.9 Abbreviations
9.10 Draft Guide to Good Practice in Beauty Salons
10 References and Bibliography
1.0 Introduction:
At the time of writing (summer 2009), the beauty salon industry in Co. Donegal is
thriving with currently approximately 130 beauty salons and 5 beauty therapy training
centres known to be operating throughout the county. Beauty salons provide a very
wide range of personal body care services ranging from facial and skin treatments
such as microdermbrasion, to hair removal by laser and other means, to removal of
veins and skin tags. Promises of treatments to remove stretch marks and skin
pigmentations abound along with assurances of whiter teeth or removal of bodily
toxins by processes such as ‘platinum detox’. A description of some of the treatments
on offer is provided in Appendix 9.1. The delivery of treatments inevitably entails
much person-to-person contact and the employment of reusable equipment and
utensils. Therein lies the potential for cross infection and / or injury to the recipient.
1.1 Regulatory Background:
There is currently no public health legislation governing the operation of businesses
such as beauty and nail salons in the Republic of Ireland. Businesses can set up
without any legal requirement to enforce standards regarding qualifications of staff,
hygiene, maintenance of equipment, personal hygiene of staff, information to be
provided to their service users etc.
Other jurisdictions have taken action on controlling standards in such premises e.g.
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1. In the USA, the Iowa Dept. of Public Health inspect and licence premises
delivering nail services (Ref1: http://www.emaxhealth.com/57/9116.html) and state
inspectors issued 435 citations between June 2005 and July 2006 to South Florida
cosmetology shops, which include nail and beauty salons (Ref 2: http://www.sunsentinel.com/business/custom/consumer/sfl-0121nailsalons,0,1515810.story)
2. In Australia, premises where skin penetration procedures are carried out are
registered and regularly inspected by a council's Environmental Health Officers.
Procedures performed at these premises include beauty therapy (e.g. cutting of
cuticles and skin wicks, removal of dead skin and black head extraction),
acupuncture, manicure (including acrylic and gel nails), pedicure, and any other
activity, which includes skin penetration.
These premises are inspected for compliance with public health legislation and
associated codes and guidelines that deal with issues such as cleanliness, defective
construction, sterilisation of equipment and usage practices and personal hygiene of
staff (Ref 3:
http://www.sutherland.nsw.gov.au/ssc/home.nsf/Web+Pages/6A7DFA8856451040C
A256DB800235CC0?OpenDocument#legislation)
3. In the UK and Northern Ireland, Environmental Health colleagues enforce health &
safety legislation. Guidelines have been provided on safety in beauty salons including
guidelines on hygiene (Ref:
http://www.colerainebc.gov.uk/content_gfx/other/Beauty%20S.pdf - ‘Safety in
Beauty Salons’). In addition, premises in which certain classes of lasers are required
to be registered by Health Authority Inspectors. These premises may include beauty
salons, cosmetic clinics and other premises using these lasers for any cosmetic
purpose (Ref 4:
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAn
dGuidance/DH_4009463)
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, beauty salons have not been investigated
within the field of Environmental Health in Ireland heretofore. It was therefore
decided to carry out an investigation into the standard of hygiene prevalent in beauty
salons throughout Co. Donegal. To this end, a survey of 30 salons was undertaken in
March – April 2009, details of which are outlined under Sections 4 and 5 below.
1.2 Training:
The National Standards Authority of Ireland have issued ‘I.S. 380: 2007 Beauty &
Holistic Therapy – Management of Training Centres’. The Standard provides a
management framework for beauty and holistic therapy training centres.
A body called the NABTET Group is an umbrella organisation incorporating:

The National Agency for Beauty Therapy Education and Training

The NABTET Institute of Higher Education

FHT (Federation of Holistic Therapies) Ireland (affiliated to FHT UK)
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The Group aims to promote best practice and seeks to continue to set and maintain
high standards in the delivery of training of teachers for beauty schools within the
sector and of beauty therapists also (Ref 5: http://www.nabtetgroup.ie/index.html).
1.3 Case Incidence:
The incidence of non-occupational salon-acquired infection or injury is difficult to
pinpoint. “It is hard to gather accurate data as to the number of clients and nail
technicians who contract infections through nail bars” (Ref. 6: ‘Nail Infection - Tool
Kit for Raising Awareness of the Need to Prevent Spread of Infection through Nail
Bars’ accessible on the CIEH website). “The risks to patients undergoing procedures
such as injectables, peels and lasers are well known although there is no data available
on how widespread the resulting health problems may be” (Ref. 7: Beauty Treatments
‘a health risk’, EHN 1 June 2007) However, there is some anecdotal evidence to
indicate that unreported incidents may occur or that standards are not satisfactory e.g.
A website blog address entitled ‘Beaut.ie – The Irish Beauty Blog’ reports (1/8/2008)
a visit to a beauty salon for a facial resulting in eye damage (Ref. 8
http://beaut.ie/blog/?p=5730). Anecdotal evidence also suggests that a number of
cases have been heard in the civil courts in relation to damages incurred by clients in
beauty salons. However, it is beyond the scope of this research to substantiate this
claim.
‘The Birmingham News’, a newspaper in the USA reported (2006) fungal infections
and nail bed damage as a result of treatment at a nail salon (Ref. 9:
http://www.beautytech.info/articles/brminghamnews02132006.pdf)
Again, in the US, an outbreak of infection from Mycobacterium fortuitum occurred as
a result of clients receiving pedicures with whirlpool footbaths and / or shaving (Ref.
10: Winthrop, K et al “An Outbreak of Mycobacterial Furunculosis Associated with
Footbaths at a Nail Salon”, The New England Journal of Medicine - Volume
346:1366-1371; May 2, 2002, Number 18). The infections resulted from failure to
clean and disinfect the equipment used.
In 2006, “Skin treatments in a beauty salon likely lead to MRSA transmission as a
result of contact with an infected Beautician” in The Netherlands (Ref 11: Huijsdens
et al Methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus in a Beauty Salon, the Netherlands,
Emerging Infectious Diseases, www.cdc.gov/eid, Vol. 14, No. 11, November 2008,
pp 1797-1799). Of a total of 45 people who had been screened, 11 were found to be
MRSA positive, 3 of whom were the Beautician and two of her customers, while
another 6 people had an indirect link with her. During a visit to her premises, it was
noted that the 70% alcohol used to disinfect the skin after waxing was diluted and that
she touched the clients waxed skin with ungloved hands to check for remaining hairs
and had not washed her hands after removing the gloves.
In the UK, research conducted by Bristol City Council indicated that out of 45 nail
salons inspected, one in five posed a significant risk to health as a result of poor
hygiene and / or failure to employ adequately trained and qualified staff (Ref 12:
Bove, JP & Conrad, J Nailing the Hazards EHP 31 March 2006 pp 12-14). As a result
of the rising number of nail salons and complaints about infected nails and fingers
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received, the CIEH have called for more research to assess the extent of the problem
nationally (Ref. 13: Environmental Health News, 7 Sept 2006). To this end, the CIEH
held a seminar on ‘Managing Health & Safety in the Beauty Industry’ on 9 Dec 2008.
Furthermore, concerns have been expressed regarding gaps and loopholes in UK
legislation governing the beauty industry, including treatments such as nail
extensions, waxing, laser hair removal, chemical body treatments and tooth whitening
(Ref. 14: Beauty Bars “are health risk’’, EHN, 24 Nov., 2006), all of which services
are available in beauty salons in Co. Donegal and no doubt, throughout the rest of the
Republic of Ireland.
1.4 Potential Health Risks
“Some of the treatments offered in beauty therapy could, if performed incorrectly,
give rise to significant dangers such as scarring. There are many specific problems of
hygiene because so many treatments involve physical contact between the therapist
and the client, or the intimate contact of therapy apparatus which is then used on other
clients.” (Ref. 15: Hatton, Phillip, Hygiene for Hairdressers and Beauty Therapists,
3rd Ed., (1998), Addison Wesley Longman, UK, page 150)
The following outlines some of the potential health hazards when attending beauty
and / or nail salons:
Hazard
Skin and other infection
Potential cause / source
Re-use of towels, tools, materials without
proper cleaning and disinfection
Re-use of disposable tools, materials
Re-use of crystals during medical
microdermabrasion
Inadequate disinfection of body-piercing
tools
Improper use of ear candles
Improper laser treatment
Manicures / pedicures / application of
acrylic nails / poor cleaning / poor
training /
Teeth whitening
Failure to carry out patch testing prior to
application of e.g. dye, bleach
Recycling of water in or improper
disinfection of foot spas
Hepatitis / HIV
Burning of skin / hair, ear damage
Burns and scarring
Nail infection
Mouth and gum irritation / tooth damage
Allergic reaction / skin irritation
Fungal infections of feet
Table 1.4.1 Potential health hazards in a beauty salon
1.6 Role of the Environmental Health Officer
Beauty salons provide the service of make-up application, facials, waxing, exfoliation
etc. and the inherent use of a wide range of cosmetics such as skin creams, make-up,
lip stick, cleaners, massage oil etc.
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Many salons also sell or supply such products from their premises, thereby rendering
their sale or supply subject to the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 – 2006, which
is enforced by the Environmental Health department of the HSE. A detailed list of
cosmetic products subject to these Regulations is given in Appendix 9.2 as Schedule
1. In addition to carrying out inspections under this particular piece of legislation,
products can be samples and analysed - ten cosmetic products were sampled from
these premises, including cosmetics absorbed by the skin for the presence of lead and
cadmium and teeth whitening products for the level of bleaching agent. The results of
the analysis of these samples are outlined below under Section 5.
2.0 Executive summary
 There is an abundant supply of beauty salons in Co. Donegal. They offer
treatments that involve the use of cosmetic products, much person-to-person
contact, often employing reusable equipment and tools.
 There is currently no public health regulatory control over the operation of beauty
salons.
 The incidence of beauty salon acquired illness or injury in the Republic of Ireland
is difficult to determine.
 Environmental Health Officers are authorised to enforce the EC (Cosmetic
Products) Regulations, 2004 - 2006 governing the sale of cosmetic products from
premises, including beauty salons.
 A survey was carried out in Co. Donegal in March / April 2009 by the
Environmental Health Department of the HSE to determine the level of
compliance within the beauty salon sector with these Regulations and to
investigate the standard applied in relation to hygiene precautions.
 The results of the survey indicate that:
 A high level of compliance with the aforementioned Regulations in that
most salons sold cosmetics having the required labelling information and
the results of cosmetics sampled were deemed to be compliant for specific
parameters analysed
 While there are no known microbiological guideline standards for the
beauty salon sector, microbiological analysis of sixty samples taken
indicate a generally high level of cleanliness within salons. However, 14%
of the salons visited required a follow-up visit due to levels of
contamination that were deemed unsatisfactory.
 The washing facilities e.g. a sink or basin, for cleaning the premises, tools
and equipment were adequate in the majority of salons. However, 7% of
salons provided only a wash hand basin in a toilet cubicle for this purpose.
 Furthermore, none of the salons assessed provided sterilisation equipment.
All provided chemicals as a means of disinfection and 73% provided a UV
cabinet for disinfection / storage purposes. Of the latter, half did not know
when the bulb was last changed, casting doubt on the efficacy of the UV
cabinet as a means of surface disinfection.
 Cleaning and disinfection procedures were clearly lacking in many
instances e.g. in 66% of salons providing a foot spa, in 63% of salons
applying make-up and in17% of salons in which manicure and pedicure
tools are used, adequate cleaning and disinfection procedures were not
applied.
 17% of salons visited did not have adequate hand washing facilities
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
The means of providing services such as sanitary accommodation, heating
and lighting was satisfactory for the most part but a sufficient means of
ventilation was lacking in half of the salons visited.
 Policies and their implementation on hand-washing, use of disposable
gloves and patch testing varied greatly – they were found to be inadequate
for the first two mentioned; further investigation into policy regarding
patch / sensitivity testing is needed prior to making comment on the issue.
 As would be expected, personal hygiene standards observed were
generally good
 Waste disposal, particularly in relation to knowledge of proper disposal
channels of used needles, requires improvement
 The practice of ‘double dipping’ (i.e. repeated dipping of a spatula, makeup brush, sponge etc into a cosmetic product after contact with client skin)
is widespread.
 The provision of after-care leaflets for all appropriate treatments and the
adequate maintenance of client records was not met in 86% and 57% of
salons respectively
 Laser treatment is available in 23% of salons
 A medical clinic was provided in 17% of salons
 The main conclusions of the study include:
 High level of compliance with the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 2006
 Generally, low levels of microbiological contamination were found
 The introduction of regulatory standards would afford greater uniformity
of standards and practices and ultimately, greater protection for the public
 The main recommendations from the report encompass:
 Training for Environmental Health staff in the beauty therapy industry
 Development of a ‘Guide to Good Practice in Beauty Salons’
 Contribution to the training of Beauty Therapists by Environmental Health
staff
3.0. Scope and Limitations:
The survey investigated the degree of compliance with selected aspects of the EC
(Cosmetic Products) Regulations, 2004 - 2006 in relation to cosmetic products sold in
beauty salons. Furthermore, the facilities, practices and policies in place to prevent
cross-infection and in the interests of client care were assessed by means of interview,
observation and microbiological and chemical analysis. The method by which this
assessment was carried out is elaborated upon in Section 4 while the results are
discussed in Section 5.
This survey only assessed the beauty treatment services provided in commercial
beauty salons. If the following services were offered at the same premises, they were
not included in the scope of this survey:
sun-bed facilities, tattooing, ear piercing and hair dressing services.
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The survey did not include the assessment of beauty services offered in private
residences. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this is a widespread activity, whether in
the home of the Therapist or the client.
The survey did not include premises offering holistic services such as reiki,
acupuncture and reflexology.
Other than for the enforcement of the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 – 2006,
participation by salon proprietors was voluntary.
Observation of practices was limited as treatments are usually delivered in the privacy
of a screened-off cubicle or room.
Reporting of practices was based on the information provided by the person in charge
at the time of the survey. It is accepted that data based on self-reporting may be
biased. However, information gathered by self –reporting was collaborated as much
as possible by observation and by microbiological analysis.
The survey was generally not carried out by prior appointment. Therefore, in some
cases, time restrictions prevented full capture of information sought.
The survey did not include a workplace health and safety assessment.
The survey did not look at the efficacy of various treatments on offer but concentrated
on the general hygiene precautions in place in the salon.
4.0 Methodology:
4.1 Aim:
a) To determine compliance levels with the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004
- 2006 among beauty / nail salons in Co. Donegal and
b) To determine the degree to which such salons protect public health in the
delivery of their service by way of the hygiene precautions implemented and
c) To make recommendations as to any improvements that could be made and
d) To instigate the formulation of national standards for health and hygiene
within the commercial beauty salon industry in Ireland, working in partnership
with relevant bodies such as the E.H.O.A., N.S.A.I., NABTET and / or IBPA.
4.2 Objectives:
1. To carry out a survey of approx. 25% (N = 30) of the salons operating within
Co. Donegal focussing on the areas of:
- structural facilities provided to assist in hygienic procedures
- hygiene practices
- waste disposal
- provision of information on treatments to customers
- compliance with EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006
- training of therapists employed
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2. To assess the standard of hygiene by taking environmental swabs & / or
samples for microbiological analysis.
3. To sample cosmetic products used in beauty salons for analysis under the EC
(Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006
4. To publish and disseminate results of the survey
4.3 Survey Development
The survey was conducted by a team of two members of the HSE West
Environmental Health Department, namely, Jenny Fortune, Environmental Health
Officer and Cora Murray, Senior Environmental Health Officer, both based at the Co.
Clinic, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal.
A database of beauty salons operating in the county was generated from a variety of
sources, including telephone books, advertisements in local newspapers, the Internet
and other media.
A draft survey form was developed and piloted in March 2009 in four beauty salons.
A letter was issued to all known operators in Co. Donegal in advance of the
commencement of the survey (see Appendix 9.3).
The survey essentially took on a two-pronged approach i.e.
1. Assessment of compliance with EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006
including assessment under Article 10, relating to labelling, and sampling of
cosmetic products in a number of salons.
2. Assessment of hygiene standards a) observed by the E.H.O. and b) as reported
by the person in charge and c) by microbiological analysis of environmental
swabs & or samples.
The bulk of the survey was conducted in March and April 2009. The survey was not
carried out by prior arrangement (N = 87%) in all but a few cases. A process of
random selection was not feasible. If a salon proprietor was unable to facilitate the
survey at the time of visit, another salon on the database was visited. The majority of
the visits occurred on a Tuesday or Wednesday and very occasionally a Thursday.
Monday is usually a day of closure for salons in Co. Donegal and bookings are
heaviest in salons between Thursday and Saturday.
The duration of the survey itself ranged from 75 minutes to 140 minutes, with an
average of approx. 100 minutes. Considering the range of topics to assess and samples
to take, 75 minutes was too little time to carry out a thorough assessment. Two hours
per survey was a comfortable time allocation, depending on the range of treatments
provided in the salon.
In all cases, the salon proprietor was written to at the conclusion of all 30 surveys,
outlining the findings of the survey of her (all owners were female) particular salon.
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Microbiological results that were considered to be unsatisfactory were conveyed to
the salon owners concerned at the first opportunity immediately after receipt of the
results by this Department.
Results of the chemical content analysis were conveyed to the relevant salon owners
at a later date due to the time difference in receipt of the results and conclusion of the
physical survey of the premises.
4.3.1. Cosmetic products on sale were assessed for compliance with Article 10 of the
EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 – 2006, under which the container and
packaging must bear certain information (see Appendix 9.4 for detail)
Details of suppliers of cosmetic products were obtained, where possible.
4.3.2. All relevant parts of the premises were inspected. This included the reception
area, treatment rooms, cleaning facilities, staff facilities, sanitary accommodation,
storage areas and spray tanning rooms.
4.3.3. The person in charge, which was usually the proprietor, was interviewed in
relation to:
- treatments offered
- cleaning facilities and equipment available
- cleaning techniques applied
- policies on hand washing, disposal glove use and patch testing
- waste management
- practices relating to use of delivery of treatments including use of
tools, towels, cosmetics,
- maintenance of client records
- after-care information on offer
- training received by staff members
For consistency of inspection and to facilitate assessment of findings, the information
gathered was recorded during the course of each survey on a survey form.
4.3.4. Environmental swabs / samples of surfaces, equipment, tools, cosmetic
products etc. were taken for microbiological analysis to determine the level of
microbial contamination present in salons. On average two samples where taken from
each salon where possible, paying particular attention to details given during the
survey of practices that may be deemed inadequate e.g. cleaning methods, double
dipping of utensils, lack of disinfection etc.
The samples were delivered to the laboratory within 24 hours and were held under
cold storage conditions from the time they were taken until the time of delivery at the
laboratory
The following microbiological parameters were employed (results were given in
Colony Forming Units (cfu)):
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Total Viable Count (TVC) at 30ºC.
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterobacteriaceae (not tested for regarding foot spas)
Pseudomonas spp. (tested in swabs from foot spas only)
These particular parameters were chosen in an attempt to give an objective indication
of the general cleanliness within the salons. There are currently no reference standards
for microbiological levels within beauty salons. The interpretation of the results
obtained from the swabs and samples taken from the salons are based on a
combination of factors including comparison with results from other salons in Co.
Donegal, experience within the Environmental Health Department and general
research. As microorganisms are found everywhere sterile conditions are not
expected, however, equipment used to pierce skin must be sterile.
Staphylococcus aureus was chosen as a parameter as it is commonly found on the
exterior of the body and can be spread by direct person-to person contact e.g.
unwashed hands or indirect contact by touching objects that have been contaminated.
It can cause minor skin infections such as spots, impetigo boils etc or can cause more
serious infections where Staphylococcus aureus enters the blood stream via a cut or
broken skin.
Enterobacteriaceae are a family of bacteria that normally inhabit the intestines of
humans and animals, so again inappropriate hand washing and/or a lack of general
cleanliness can be a factor in its spread.
Pseudomonas spp. was tested for only in foot spas due to it being commonly
associated with water, warmth, aeration and human contamination, which provide an
ideal environment for Pseudomonas to grow.
An information sheet in relation to the microbiological parameters analysed was sent
to each salon that took part in the survey (See Appendix 9.4).
5.0 Results
The findings of the survey will be presented in three sections i.e.
5.1 enforcement of the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006
5.2 microbiological analysis
5.3 hygiene standards observed and practices reported.
The results under paragraphs 5.1 and 5.3 were analysed using Epi-Info Version 3.5.1
of 13 August 2008.
5.1 European Communities (Cosmetic Products) Regulations, 2004 - 2006
5.1.1 Article 10 of the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006
Of the 30 salons visited, 29 were assessed as to whether or not cosmetic products
were sold. Of those 29, 25 were assessed for compliance with Regulation 10 of the
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EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 – 2006. The information that must be provided
on the label or packaging of a cosmetic product is outlined in Appendix 9.4
Approx. four different products were selected per salon. Most (N =20) of the salons
assessed sold cosmetics that had all the necessary information on the label. Of those
that sold cosmetics not compliant with labelling requirements (N = 5), the main issue
noted was failure to provide the name or style and the address or registered office of
the manufacturer of the cosmetic product or of the person responsible for placing the
product on the market, who must be established within the EU.
Apart from being a legal requirement, it is important for a contact within the EU to be
provided on the label for traceability purposes in the event of any health or safety
issue arising with the product.
5.1.2 Cosmetic Product Sampling
During the month of April 2009, 70 samples of cosmetic products were taken
throughout Co. Donegal. Of these, 10 samples were taken from beauty salons. These
consisted of:
Sample of
Eye lash and eye
brow tint
No. of Samples
1
Result
Compliant
1
Tested for
P-phenylenediamine
and labelling
compliance
Bleaching agent
Teeth whitening
foam strips
Moisturiser /
tanning cream /
cleanser / body
butter /
foundation makeup
Total:
8
Lead and cadmium
Compliant
10
-
9 out of 9
compliant
Not yet received
Table 5.1.2.1 Types of samples and tests on cosmetic products taken from beauty
salons March – April 2009
The EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006 set the limits, fields of application,
and conditions of use for the parameters tested – the relevant extract is given in
Appendix 9.2. An information sheet for proprietors accompanying the results of
chemical analysis is given in Appendix 9.5.
Regulation 8 (2) states that “Without prejudice to Regulation 7, the provisions of
paragraph (1) shall not apply to the presence in cosmetic products of traces of any of
the substances specified in Schedule 2 where such traces are technically unavoidable
in the context of good manufacturing practice and could not reasonably have been
removed during or after manufacture.” In the context on this clause, samples having
any trace elements of lead or cadmium detected were deemed compliant.
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5.2 Microbiological results
The following are a list of items swabbed or sampled from 29 salons included in the
survey. They were tested for the parameters as mentioned previously in section 4.3.4.
Swab of
Foot spa
Make-up brush, Eye shadow /
Make-up Lip & eye pencil
Lipstick
No. of swabs
14
14
Sinks / WHBs
Wax from wax pot
Toe separators /
Manicure & Pedicure tools
Heads of facial machine /
Interior of UV cabinet /
Hot towel cabinet / Towels
/Surface of trolley /Bowl /
Plastic sheet for waxing /
Hot stone in tank
‘Barbicide’ disinfectant
Vaseline
Sun bed surface
Total N =
6
4
4
15
1
1
1
60
Table 5.2.1 Breakdown of Types and Number of Samples / Swabs taken
As has already been mentioned, without clear guidelines, the interpretation of these
results does not claim to be final and conclusive.
The results were interpreted as follows.
For the purpose of this report, individual results obtained in individual salons will not
be discussed. However, a broad outline will be given below. Different types of
equipment and materials used in the salons will be dealt with more specifically due to
their common usage and results obtained. Please note a more detailed results table is
available in Appendix 9.6.
Foot Spas
Levels of TVC
14 foot spa swabs were taken including 1 control sample. Swabs were taken of the
interior surfaces and/or outlets of empty foot spas that may have been used on the day
or held in storage. The result for the control sample taken was <10cfu which was
deemed excellent with very low levels of micro-organisms detected. 1 foot spa had a
TVC count of 360,000cfu. and it was noted that the method of cleaning this foot spa
was inadequate due to a lack of a physical cleaning step prior to disinfection. 5 of the
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remaining foot spas matched the control sample result of <10cfu whilst the remaining
7 foot spas had TVC counts that were >10cfu ranging from 40cfu to 3,000cfu. Again
the method of cleaning the foot spas varied but it can be noted from the surveys in all
cases where the level of TVC was <10cfu a physical cleaning step was adopted by the
salon along with a disinfection step.
Levels of Pseudomonas spp.
Out of the14 foot spas swabbed, 2 were found to have Pseudomonas present. In both
cases it was noted that there had been no physical cleaning of the foot spas in
conjunction with a disinfection step carried out between use on different clients. Both
foot spas were only rinsed and sprayed using an antibacterial agent. In all cases where
foot spas had Pseudomonas present, a follow up visit to the salons was organised to
discuss the result with the Therapist. An information leaflet was given with regard to
the recommended cleaning procedure of the foot spas. It should be stressed that
Pseudomonas is ubiquitous and the levels found were interpreted as being more of a
reflection of a lack of proper cleaning than being a source of infection. It should be
noted that analysis was limited to the Pseudomonas species rather than a specific
organism. There are guidelines available for the operation of spa pools and the
presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Ref. No 16 “Management of Spa Pools:
Controlling the Risks of Infection”, Health Protection Agency, London. March 2006).
If >50 cfu/100ml the spa pool is to be taken out of operation and treated. However, it
was felt that the operation of such pools and the use of a foot spa differs greatly.
Make up and Make up applicators etc.
Levels of TVC
8 swabs of make-up brushes, eyeliner applicators; lip liner applicators etc were taken
including 1 control sample. The result of the control sample was <10cfu. which was
deemed to be an excellent result with very low levels of micro-organisms present and
5 of the other swabs taken were comparable. 2 other samples indicated higher levels
of micro-organisms with TVC counts of 282cfu and 55cfu. However, generally, the
results were very good.
6 swabs or samples of make up were taken e.g. eye shadow powder, foundation lip
stick etc. 5 of the samples taken were <10cfu and 1 sample of powdered eye shadow
had a TVC of 80cfu. The reason samples and swabs were taken of these items was
due to ‘double dipping’ of applicators whilst applying make up.
Sinks/Wash hand basins
6 swabs of sinks/wash hand basins were taken from salons including 1 control sample
where a result of <10cfu TVC was found. A single sink in the WC was considered to
be inadequate for the washing of tools and equipment. A swab of one such sinks had a
TVC count of 464cfu. In general, the results indicated a high standard of cleanliness.
Wax taken from wax pots
4 samples of wax were taken from wax pots and all came back with TVC levels of
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< 10cfu. which indicates very low levels of microorganism contamination. Although
it was found that re-dipping of spatulas was being carried out in many salons, which
is contrary to good practice, the 4 samples of wax taken from these pots were found to
be satisfactory which may be indicative that wax may not be a suitable medium for
microorganisms to grow or the temperature wax is held at is not conducive to
microbial growth. “It should be noted that any viable microorganisms resident in wax
would be unlikely to multiply, due to an absence of water availability or suitable
nutrients” Ref. Identification of microbial contamination in body wax samples,
Prepared by Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2009,
page 13.
Toe Spacers & Manicure and Pedicure tools
In the majority of salons toe spacers were not used. Therapists preferred the use of
cotton wool instead. In cases where they were used the majority were disposable,
however, a small number of salons re- used toe spacers, which required cleaning
between clients. 2 swabs of 2 different toe spacers were taken. While both had
relatively low levels of TVC present, one was found to have Staph aureus present.
Both were washed in hot soapy water e.g. using fairy liquid. There was no
disinfectant step applied. The swabs taken of manicure and pedicure tools indicated
low levels of microrganisms present.
General Equipment used in salons
A number of swabs were taken of different pieces of equipment used in the salons as
can be seen from the table above. It is interesting to note that from one swab of the
interior of a UV cabinet, a TVC level of 673cfu was found, emphasising the point that
UV cabinets do not sterilise and have limited disinfection properties – they are
efficient in storing previously disinfected equipment. In general terms, the results
indicate a standard of hygiene within salons to be very good.
The results found of TVC levels were not deemed significant. However where levels
were deemed to be much higher than the norm it had been agreed to follow up on
these results with the salons. It was decided that salons would be contacted in these
cases to inform them of results. It was also agreed that if Pseudomonas spp. was
present in any foot spa results, salons would be revisited and an information leaflet in
relation to the microorganisms tested and a method of cleaning the foot spas would be
given.
In conclusion 4 out of the 29 salons (14%) required a follow up visit where it was
deemed that the results of analysis were unsatisfactory. Otherwise, results would
indicate that the standard of hygiene were found to be very good.
5.3 Hygiene Standards Observed and Practices Reported
5.3.1. Facilities For Cleaning
The provision of a sink or basin, separate from any provided for in a toilet area, was
considered essential to facilitate the proper cleaning and disinfection of tools and
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equipment used in the business. In some cases, a basin or sink located in a treatment
room doubled up as a wash hand facility as well as a sink at which to clean tools and
equipment. In addition, a means of providing a constant and instant supply of hot as
well as cold water at the time of survey was required in order to be deemed adequate.
In essence, if a salon has at least one sink or basin (other than one in a toilet) with hot
and cold water at which to wash tools, equipment etc. which may also have been used
for hand washing, the cleaning facilities were deemed to be satisfactory.
7% (N = 2) of the salons visited did not have adequate facilities for cleaning. This was
evidenced in both cases by the use of a wash hand basin in a toilet cubicle as the only
sink available for cleaning of tools and equipment. This is considered to be grossly
inadequate. It is worth noting that during the pilot survey, 75% (N = 3) of the salons
visited at that time also has inadequate facilities for cleaning for the same reason,
hence, the incidence of deficient cleaning facilities may be more prevalent than the
main survey indicates.
Of the 30 salons visited, 7% also did not have a suitable means of providing hot water
at the sink or basin used for cleaning tools and equipment at the time of the survey.
These were the same two salons that only had a basin in a toilet for cleaning purposes.
In some cases, a means of providing hot water was provided but was not in operation
at the time of the survey.
5.3.2. Facilities for Hand washing
Hand washing facilities were considered adequate if a wash hand basin(s) was
provided in toilet areas and a basin /sink was provided in or adjacent to the working
areas (see 5.3.1. above). All salons had a wash basin in toilet areas. In some salons, a
wash hand basin was provided in each treatment room while in others, a basin was
provided in one treatment area only. The latter was considered acceptable in
circumstances such as salons operated by one person only as access to the basin was
guaranteed when required. In addition, a means of providing a constant and instant
supply of hot as well as cold water and soap at the time of survey was required in
order to be deemed adequate
17 % (N = 5) of the salons did not have adequate hand washing facilities. This is
broken down into 2 salons that had no wash hand basin other than one in a toilet area,
1 with no hot water at the wash hand basin in the toilet area, 1 with no hot water at
basins in treatment rooms and 1 salon without soap at wash hand basins.
Clean cotton towels were considered adequate as a means of hand drying. However,
single use paper towels are preferred to fabric reusable towels. 3 % (N= 1) of salons
provided paper towels for hand drying.
5.3.3. Laundry Storage
The storage facilities for cloth items awaiting washing were assessed. Salons having
laundry stored in a suitable covered container lined with a plastic bag were considered
to be providing suitable facilities. This issue was not assessed in 10% of the salons
visited. 66% ( N = 20) of the salons did not have suitable laundry storage. In many
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cases, laundry bins were not covered or lined and in some cases, a plastic bag was
used. The risk posed by such means of storage is considered low.
5.3.4. Storage of Equipment
The storage of equipment was considered to be adequate if it was stored off the floor
and in a manner so as to protect it from contamination. 27% (N = 8) were deemed to
be storing equipment inadequately. It was found that some equipment, predominantly
foot spas, was stored under treatment couches or on the floor in room corners. Again,
the risk posed by such means of storage is considered low.
5.3.5. Services – Sanitary accommodation, Heating, Lighting and Ventilation
Sanitary Accommodation
If at least one toilet and wash hand basin was provided for use by staff and clients, it
was considered that adequate sanitary accommodation was provided. Most salons
(45% N = 12) had two staff members, with the maximum number of staff noted being
5 members (3%, N = 1). The provision of wheelchair accessible toilet facilities was
not included in the assessment
100% or all of the 30 salons assessed were considered to have adequate sanitary
accommodation.
Heating:
Heating was deemed to be adequate if a means of heating was provided at the time of
assessment. Room temperatures were not recorded as part of the assessment.
In all cases (N = 30), the means of heating provided was considered adequate.
Lighting:
Lighting was considered adequate if a means of artificial or natural lighting was
provided in all essential areas.
Again, in all cases (N = 30), the lighting provided was considered adequate.
Ventilation:
A visual assessment of the means of ventilation provided was carried out in treatment
rooms, spray tanning rooms, toilets and staff areas. Ventilation was considered to be
satisfactory if adequate mechanical extract or air conditioning in appropriate areas and
/ or a natural means of ventilation, such as openable windows, was provided.
However, the provision of suitable mechanical extract ventilation in spray tanning
areas was considered essential for the removal of aerosols released in the spray
tanning process. Propylene glycol (PG) is an ingredient of spray tan solutions –
“Inhalation of the PG vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary
applications. However, limited human experience indicates that inhalation of PG
mists may be irritating to some individuals. Therefore inhalation exposure to mists of
these materials should be avoided.” (Ref 17 http://www.dow.com/productsafety).
Preservatiives such as parabens are also added to cosmetics – butyl paraben, for
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example, has the potential health effect upon inhalation of causing irritation to the
respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing, shortness of breath (Ref. 18
http://www.jtbaker.com/msds (material safety data sheet))
37% (N = 11) did not have adequate ventilation in treatment areas. In some cases,
treatment rooms consisted of internal, partitioned areas. Many salons were not
purpose-built thereby contributing to this issue.
Of the 30 salons, 20 of them (66%) provided a spray tanning service. Of those 20
salons, ventilation in the spray tanning area was not assessed in 5 of them. Of the
remaining 15 salons, 20% (N = 3) did not have adequate ventilation in the spray
tanning area while in 80% (N= 12) of cases, extract ventilation was provided.
However, further research into the adequacy of ventilation in spray tanning areas is
required as adequacy is more complex than simply providing an extract fan.
13% (N = 4) of sanitary accommodation did not have adequate ventilation. 7% (N =
2) were not assessed for this criteria.
In relation to the staff areas, 10 % (N = 3) did not have adequate ventilation. In some
cases, a staff area was not provided and in others (20% / N = 6) ventilation in this area
was not assessed. 47% (N = 14) of the staff areas assessed did have adequate
ventilation.
Ventilation was inadequate in 47% (N = 14) of salons visited, while 50% (N = 15)
had a satisfactory means of ventilation in every area of the salon.
5.3.6. Policies – Hand Washing, Disposable Gloves, Patch Tests
Hand Washing:
Hands must be washed before and after treating a client and after handling food, using
the toilet, handling money etc. Soap must be used, preferably liquid soap (Ref. 19
Habia – Hygiene in Beauty Therapy – 2006 – page 10). Therapists were asked to
describe their policy on hand washing. In view of the fact that the above standard
requires hands to be washed before and after treating a client, 27% (N = 8) were
considered to have an inadequate policy regarding hand washing, as some reported
washing hands after treating a client as opposed to beforehand also. In many cases,
hand spray with disinfectant properties were used in addition to hand washing. In one
case, soap was not used.
Disposable Gloves:
Disposable gloves should be worn where there is or may be contact with mucous
membranes (e.g. during intimate waxing) or blood or serum (e.g. in case of blood
spotting during waxing or other treatments such as microdermabrasion). (Ref. 19
Habia – Hygiene in Beauty Therapy – 2006 – page 10). From various research
sources, the use of disposable gloves has been recommended for each of the following
treatments:
 waxing
 electrolysis
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





extractions
application of nail extensions
eyebrow tweezing
red vein treatment
application of tooth jewellery
microdermabrasion.
Where a Therapist reported use of gloves according to the above and replacement of
gloves after each client, the disposable glove policy was considered to be satisfactory.
This was not found to be the situation in 87% (N = 26) of the cases. In some
instances, Therapists did not use gloves for certain treatments such as waxing
(excluding bikini waxing), eyebrow tweezing and extractions.
Patch Tests:
There are various types of sensitivity tests that are required before the application of
certain treatments in a beauty salon e.g. a skin sensitivity test before facial electrical
treatments whereby sharp and soft objects are placed on the face and neck; a patch
test to detect any allergic reaction; a thermal skin test to check a clients’ tolerance to
heat. For the purpose of this survey, only the policy on patch testing was assessed.
Therapists were asked to name the treatments offered that are subject to a patch test.
Various resources employed in the research for this survey indicated that patch testing
should be:
a) carried out regularly on each client when attending for the following treatments:









waxing
tinting of eye brows or eyelashes
eyelash perming
application of false eyelashes
application of semi-permanent make-up
laser and intense pulsed light treatments
self tanning
hair bleaching
microdermabrasion
How ‘regular’ the testing should be can be dependent upon a number of factors,
including the area of the body being treated e.g. “The skin may become sensitive to a
particular product even after many years of use and an allergic reaction may occur.
Regular testing for allergy is important as the dye is being used on a highly sensitive
area” i.e. around the eyes (Ref. 20: Cressy, Susan, Beauty Therapy Fact File 4th
Edition, Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2004, page 144).
b) carried out with sufficient time lapse between the patch test and application of
treatment. For certain treatments e.g. eyebrow / eyelash tinting, eyelash perming, hair
bleaching, a patch test should be carried out a minimum of 48 hours before treatment
(Ref. 20: Cressy, Susan, Beauty Therapy Fact File 4th Edition, Heinemann
Educational Publishers, 2004, page 144/ 5). For others, a minimum of 24 hours is
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recommended, with guidance being taken from the instructions provided with the
product or by the manufacturer of the equipment concerned.
c) carried out on each client if a different brand or type of cosmetic product is used
from the previous test.
Further research is required in this area to determine the suitability of patch testing
policy and its implementation.
Additionally, some Therapists expressed the opinion that clients are often not inclined
towards patch testing or that it is ‘not popular’ with clients. This suggests that some
measures to increase awareness of the need for such testing would be beneficial.
5.3.7. Personal Hygiene
Personal hygiene was considered satisfactory if it was observed that clean protective
uniforms were worn, fingernails were clean, short and without enamel and if
Therapists presented with good personal cleanliness (Ref 19: Habia – Hygiene in
Beauty Therapy – 2006 and Ref. 21 IBPA Standard of Excellence Award criteria)
Suitable protective uniforms were worn in all salons in which this was assessed. (N =
29). Fingernails were clean in all cases but were not kept short in 13% (N = 4) nor
without enamel in 20% (N = 6) of cases.
5.3.8. Waste disposal
Half of the salons surveyed produce clinical waste in the form of used needles (N =
15) from procedures such as electrolysis. Other clinical waste is generated from blood
spotting following procedures such as waxing or extractions.
Waste disposal was considered acceptable where the following standards were met:
1. Lidded bins being provided for the storage of general waste
2. Double-bagging prior to disposal by landfill of contaminated waste including waste
cotton wool, tissues or cloths with any blood spots or human tissue
3. Use of a ‘sharps box’ labelled as ‘contaminated’ and ‘for incineration’ for used
needles
4. Disposal of boxes of used needles by collection by permitted collectors.
General Waste:
Over half of the salons did not provide bins that were lidded for the storage of general
waste (N = 16 or 53%) but used open-type bins.
Contaminated Waste:
The disposal of contaminated waste was assessed in 12 salons (40%). In each case, it
was not double bagged. In all cases, material with blood spots, such as waxing strips,
was disposed of in the normal fashion among general waste.
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Used Needles:
Of the 15 salons requiring the use of a sharps box, two of them (13%) did not have
such a box in the salon at the time of the survey. In one case, the sharps box was not
labelled as ‘contaminated’ and ‘for incineration’. In 12 out of the 15 salons, it was
stated that disposal of the needles had not been required to date. In 9 cases, the person
interviewed did not know how or where to dispose of used needles. Information to
this end has since been issued by this office to the persons concerned. Only two salon
operators indicated that needles have been disposed of in the past – this was stated to
have been done through a medical professional.
Overall, waste disposal was not satisfactory in 63% (N = 19) of the salons visited.
While the lack of a lidded bin for general waste storage is not an issue of major
concern, the lack of knowledge on the proper disposal of contaminated waste needs
addressing.
5.3.9. Equipment for Sterilisation and Disinfection
Sterilisation Equipment:
Sterilisation of ‘hard’, reusable implements e.g. commodone extractors, metal
scissors, tweezers, cuticle knives etc. used to cut or pierce the skin using suitable
sterilisation equipment such as a glass-bead steriliser or an autoclave is considered
essential (Ref. 19 Habia – Hygiene in Beauty Therapy – 2006 – page 13) unless using
disposable, single-use equipment.
None of the salons assessed had sterilisation equipment.
Disinfection Equipment:
73% (N = 22) salons provided disinfection equipment, predominantly in the form of a
UV cabinet. UV cabinets do not sterilise and have limited disinfection properties –
they are efficient in storing previously disinfected equipment. UV light inactivates
microorganisms on the surface that it hits and is not suitable for the disinfection of
tools such as make-up brushes, sponges or items with hidden surfaces
Ultraviolet (UV) light cabinets require maintenance e.g. bulbs in ultraviolet cabinets
should be changed according to manufacturers’ instructions. Bulbs have a limited
lamp life and their output depletes over time. Hence, a note should be taken of the
date of change of each bulb rather than depending on the visual appearance or a
fusing of the bulb in determining its replacement.
Of those that had UV cabinets, when asked when the UV bulb(s) was/were last
changed, 50% (N = 11) didn’t know, 36% (N = 8) did not change the bulb within the
previous 12 months while 14% (N = 3) had.
Of the 22 salons using UV cabinets, records in relation to changing UV bulbs 95% (N
= 21) were not kept and in the other case, the interviewee did not know if such
records were kept.
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5.3.10. Cleaning of Implements / Tools
Cleaning (not including sterilisation, discussed above) of implements and tools used
in the beauty salon industry was considered to be sufficient if all of the following
standard was adhered to:
1. Disinfectant solutions used to steep tools must be changed regularly in line with
manufacturers’ instructions. The preparation and use of a new solution of disinfectant
daily is recommended as many disinfectants deteriorate when stored or are inactivated
by contaminants.
2. Re-usable tools such as sponges, make-up brushes, some manicure / pedicure tools
(e.g. foot files, toe separators etc) should be adequately cleaned, by washing in warm
soapy water, rinsing followed by disinfection e.g.
a) using chemicals such as ‘Barbicide’ etc. or
b) by heat e.g. boiling water / steam / hot air, as appropriate.
Thorough cleaning is essential before disinfection so as to remove all organic matter
such as skin tissue, dirt etc.
3. An effective disinfectant(s) suitable for use on tools, equipment, surfaces etc within
a beauty salon should be used e.g. hand-sprays, tea tree oil or similar preparations
used as skin disinfectants or anti-bacterial soap for hand-washing are not suitable for
disinfecting tools or equipment.
4. An adequate supply of effective disinfectant(s) suitable for use on tools, equipment,
surfaces etc. within the beauty salon should be available.
Most salons changed disinfectant solution in which tools were steeped on a daily
basis, some less often, depending on how busy the salon had been. At the beginning
of the survey, one sample of ‘Barbicide’ disinfectant was taken from a waxing room,
the owner having indicated that it was changed once a week - the results of
microbiological testing of this solution did not indicate any noteworthy
contamination.
In the absence of sterisilation equipment, as outlined above, it could be argued that
none of the salons performed adequate cleaning of hard / metal tools that pierce the
skin. In 5 cases out of 29 salons (17%), cleaning of manicure and pedicure tools (toe
spacers, scissors, cuticle knives etc) was inadequate due to a lack of adequate or no
disinfection. This was due in all cases to the improper cleaning of toe spacers.
29 out of 30 salons (97%) provided a foot spa or foot basin for pedicure treatments.
These foot spas were properly cleaned and disinfected in only 10 salons (33% of
cases). In the 19 cases where cleaning was inadequate, the foot spa may only have
been washed without any disinfection or by cursory disinfection by wiping with a
disinfectant-soaked cloth rather than steeping in disinfectant of a suitable strength for
a suitable time period. Many foot spas have perforations for an aeration and bubbling
effect on the water - microorganisms may harbour in such perforations, outlets or
ducts, thus wiping or spraying proves deficient in these spas of this design.
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Hygiene precautions were not adequate in the application of make-up in 63% (N = 19)
of the salons assessed. Make-up brushes, for example, are used to apply powders
directly to the skin and are therefore liable to become contaminated from any
pathogens present. Furthermore, inadequate washing and disinfection of the brush
increases the risk of contaminating the make-up into which the brush is applied.
Cleaning brushes by means of shampoo and water alone or followed by a spray
disinfection is not adequate as the spray is unlikely to cover all surfaces of the brush
hair. Similarly, placing brushes in a UV cabinet after washing with a detergent is
inadequate as the UV radiation cannot reach all surfaces of the brush hair.
Hygiene precautions for skin and eye treatments were inadequate in 2 (6.6%) cases.
In both instances, sponges (which are porous and can harbour bacteria) used to
remove face masks were not disinfected after use.
Sterile needles were available for use in electrolysis in all cases assessed (N= 13).
Hot stone equipment was not adequately cleaned in 5 out of 13 (38%) salons
providing this treatment (1 salon was not assessed for this criteria). Again, this may
have been due to lack of or inadequate disinfection e.g. detergent wash only or a spray
disinfection rather than steeping.
No issue was identified in relation to the disposal of crystals after use in
microdermabrasion.
All of the salons surveyed provided suitable chemicals as a means of disinfection (N
= 30). Popular disinfectant used included surgical spirits, ‘Barbicide’, ‘Marvicide’,
‘savlon’, ‘milton’ and alcohol-based spray disinfectants.
5.3.11. Practices
Protection for Bare Feet:
Suitable covering e.g. couch roll, should be placed on floor areas upon which clients
walk barefooted. Alternatively, disposable foot covers should be provided for use by
the client. In 10% of salons (N=3), adequate measures were not taken to protect
clients feet during treatments necessating the removal of foot ware e.g. during
pedicures, massage.
Disposable Tools / Items:
The use of single-use disposable tools / items, where possible, is recommended e.g.
use of cotton wool in lieu of toe separators / wooden spatulas in lieu of metal ones.
Figures are not available for the number of salons using disposable tools or items,
however, the use of disposable eye shadow applicators, mascara wands, wooden
spatulas, sponges and cotton wool were popular.
The use of single client tools is recommended e.g. use of single client pots, cartridges
and disposable applicator heads for waxing.
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Double Dipping
Double dipping is a term used to describe where applicators are repeatedly dipped
into a cosmetic product even though it has touched the clients skin, whether using
either disposable or washable applicators. In all cases, in order to reduce the risk of
cross infection, double dipping must be avoided. This practice relates to the
application of make-up (when using either disposable applicators or washable
brushes) or waxing. The use of a new spatula for each dip into the wax pot or using a
single spatula to take wax from the pot and then allowing the wax to drop onto
another spatula for application on the client - sometimes referred to as the ‘spooning
method’- is recommended.
Although many salons used disposable make-up applicators, the practice of re-dipping
the applicator into the make-up was carried out in a few cases.
In 23 salons (77%), Therapists reported that a different spatula was not used for each
dip into the wax pot. In effect, a disposable spatula applies wax onto the client’s skin,
with the risk of picking up any pathogens present on the skin in the process, and
introducing these pathogens into the pot of wax for the next application of wax. In
93% of salons (N = 28), the practice of changing a spatula on different parts of the
body was adhered to e.g. when changing from leg to underarm or bikini line.
However, 7% (N = 2) used the same spatula for different areas of the body. In all
cases (N=30 / 100%), it was reported that the spatula was disposed of in the event of
blood spotting.
Wax
Wax remaining in the base of a wax pot should not be decanted into a fresh pot of
wax. When asked if this practice was carried out in the salon (N = 14), 6 out of the 14
(43%) reported that it was. Four samples of wax from a wax pot in use were analysed
for microbiological levels and were found to be satisfactory.
Dispensing of Products:
Creams, lotions and sprays should be dispensed from pump or spray bottles where
possible. Otherwise, products must be distributed with a disposable spatula. In 28 out
of 29 (96.5%) salons, the practice of removing a product from its container for
manicures and pedicures was satisfactory e.g. many Therapists reported using a pump
dispenser onto the back of her hand.
However, in 13 out of 28 cases (46%), a suitable practice was not applied in the
proper use of disposable tools and removal of product from containers in the
application of make-up. This was predominantly due to reusable and disposable
make-up brushes being re-dipped into the make-up during application onto a client. A
safer practice would be to load a palette or the back of the hand with enough material
to complete a treatment or reload using a fresh spatula (Ref. 15: Hatton, Phillip,
Hygiene for Hairdressers and Beauty Therapists, 3rd Ed., (1998), Addison Wesley
Longman, UK, page 153)
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Towels
Towels should be changed after use by every client (Ref 19: Habia – Hygiene in
Beauty Therapy – 2006, page 14) 96.7% (N=29) reported doing so. However, in one
case (3.3%) towels were reported to be turned over and changed after approx. the
fourth use, with the use of couch roll. Two swabs of towels used on treatment
couches, including the one referred to above, were satisfactory upon microbiological
analysis.
In 2 out of 27 salons (7%), an adequate supply of couch roll was not available.
5.3.12. After-Care Leaflets:
After care leaflets should be provided for first time clients having availed of the
following treatments:











Microdermabrasion (after care & home care advice)
Semi-permanent make-up (after care advice)
Ultrasound (home care advice)
Waxing (home care advice)
Electrolysis (home care advice)
Laser and pulsed light treatment (home care advice)
Artificial nail systems (after care advice)
Self-Tanning Treatments (after care advice)
Red vein removal (after care & home care advice)
Body electrical treatments (home care advice)
Spa treatments (home care advice)
(Ref. 20: Cressy, Susan, Beauty Therapy Fact File 4th Edition, Heinemann
Educational Publishers, 2004 and various ITEC syllabi)
In 24 out of 28 salons (86%), after-care leaflets were not provided for all the
appropriate treatments above available in the salon. In some cases, after-care leaflets
were provided only for a selection of the treatments offered or it was reported that
verbal advice was given as necessary.
5.3.13. Client Record Cards:
Updated records outlining the treatments given to each client together with dates,
patch / sensitivity tests and any contra-indications should be kept for the following
treatments:







electrical epilation
laser and pulsed light treatments
eye lash and eye brow tinting
manicure and pedicure
waxing
nail art
body and facial electrical treatments
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 microdermabrasion
(Ref. 20: Cressy, Susan, Beauty Therapy Fact File, 4th Edition, Heinemann
Educational Publishers, 2004 and various ITEC syllabi)
In 23% (N=7) of salons, client consultation records were not kept for each client.
In 57% (N=17) of the 30 salons, client consultation records were not kept for each
visit for the above treatments. In some cases, client records were maintained for new
clients only or for a selection of treatments, such as laser or electrolysis or if a
problem was noted on a treatment applied to a regular client, but not, for example,
waxing or manicure / pedicure on regular clients.
5.3.14. Training
The qualifications of and documents relating to training received by all Therapists,
whether whole time or part-time, should be available on the premises for inspection
by members of the public. This could be achieved by public display within the salon
or by being available in a display folder.
However, there is a myriad of training centres (private and public) and courses
available to instruct Therapists in the practice of Beauty Therapy and its associated
skills. Courses can be accredited to various levels of expertise through many different
certification bodies such as CIBTAC, ITEC, NVQ, City & Guilds, CIDESCO, and
BABTAC. Courses can vary in duration from a day, such as a training day provided
by a cosmetics company in the use of its product, to a number of years. Qualifications
observed varied from a certificate of attendance to diploma level. In view of the
complexity of training available, assessment was restricted to the display or
availability for viewing of staff training qualifications.
As can be seen from the table below, 1 – 2 people worked in the majority of salons.
Many were small proprietor-operated businesses. The table outlines the number of
staff employed in 29 out the 30 salons.
No. of Staff Employed in
the Salon
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Frequency
Per Cent
12
13
2
1
1
29
41.4%
44.8%
6.9%
3.4%
3.4%
100.0%
Table 5.3.14 No. of Staff Employed in the Salon
In 21 out of 29 salons (72%), staff training certificates were available for viewing or
on display. In salons employing two people or more, 7 did not have qualifications for
all members of staff available for clients to view, while 8 did (this criterium was not
assessed in 3 cases and was not applicable in 12 cases).
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5.3.15. First Aid Kit:
A first aid box should be provided for use in the salon. In a quarter of salons (N = 7
out of 28 salons), a first aid box was not provided.
5.3.16. Laser and Intense Pulsed Light Treatment:
Laser treatment was available in 7 out of the 30 salons assessed (23.3%). The
assessment of issues under this criterium was limited to the hygiene precautions
carried out on the instruments used. While the adequacy of training and use of laser
equipment was not assessed in this survey, the opportunity to echo calls for regulation
over this type of treatment is taken at this point. Mr. Douglas McGeorge, President of
the British Association of Aestheic Plastic Surgeons is quoted as stating that
“injectables, peels and lasers should all be performed by a properly trained clinician, a
plastic surgeon or a dermatologist. …..it is essential that people do their homework as
these treatments can affect not only their appearance but health and safety as well”
(Ref. 7: Beauty Treatments ‘a health risk’, EHN, 1 June, 2007). The growing use of
laser light treatments in beauty salons was said to pose significant health problems,
such as burns, scarring and failure to identify certain skin conditions that may require
medical help (Ref. 21 White and Melia, Unregulated beauty industry a time bomb,
health experts warn in The Irish Independent, 21 June 2005). The Irish Association of
Cosmetic Doctors (IACD) is reported to have lobbied the government for a system of
external regulation in the interests of patient safety in the administration of treatments
such as laser treatment (Ref 22: Treacy, Dr. Patrick, Condemnation of laser
deregulation in the Irish Medical Times, posted in Letters on 14 June 2008). This
department would support that stance. Health and safety regulation is currently in
place specifically to protect employees within the salon rather than its clients .
5.3.17. Medical Clinic
A medical clinic was provided in 5 out of the 30 salons (17%). Services such as botox
and injectables to treat crow’s feet, frown lines and fillers offered as anti-ageing
treatments are provided. Botox is a prescription-only medicine that can only be ‘given
by physicians with appropriate qualifications, and expertise in the treatment and the
use of the required equipment.’ (Ref. 23 personal communication with The Irish
Medicines Board). To practice in the Republic of Ireland, a medical practicioner must
be registered with the Irish Medical Council and is given a registration number.
This survey did not include any assessment of any medical clinic carried out as it is
within the remit of bodies outside this service, as above. However, it is interesting to
note the prevalence of medical clinics on offer within businesses such as beauty
salons and there may be scope for liaison between the Environmental Health service
and other regulatory bodies in this matter.
5.3.18. General Observations
Attitudes of Salon Owners to Guidance and Regulation
In discussions with salon owners during the course of the survey, many welcomed the
survey taking place and indeed, were very welcoming of some form of guidance being
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available. While data on the attitudes of salon owners was not formally gathered, it
was clear that many were in favour of some form of regulation, be that licensing or
otherwise. Many had worked in other jurisdictions and were familiar with a regulatory
process; some expressed surprise that there was no form of regulation here.
Treatments:
A description of the treatments on offer is given in Appendix 9.5
A breakdown of the number of salons offering such treatments is outlined in
Appendix 9.7. The most popular treatments on offer were the application of make-up,
manicures / pedicures, skin care and eye treatments, massage and waxing. Those on
offer least were body electrical treatments, application of teeth jewellery, platinum
detox and microdermabrasion.
6.0 Conclusion:
6.1 EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 – 2006
1. The labelling of cosmetic products for sale in beauty salons was in the most part
compliant with Regulation 10 of the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 – 2006.
However, one in five of the salons selling cosmetic products examined did not fully
comply with this Regulation.
2. While the number of samples analysed for specific parameters was relatively low,
the results indicate that the products were compliant with the above Regulations
6.2 Microbiological Results
3. The absence of guideline standards presented a challenge in the interpretation of
microbiological levels detected. The general level of cleanliness as observed and as
objectively analysed by microbiological examination was found to be generally very
good. However, there were four instances in which a follow-up visit was required in
order to advise of microbiological levels that were deemed to be unsatisfactory and
for which remedial action was recommended.
6.3 Hygiene Standards Observed and Practices Reported
4. The majority of salons visited had adequate facilities for cleaning the ‘tools of the
trade’ and the premises itself. However, 7 % only had a wash hand basin in a toilet
area for this purpose, which is considered to be grossly inadequate. Furthermore, 7 %
of salons had no means of providing hot water at the cleaning sink or basin for tools
and equipment.
5. Hand washing is considered an essential practice in the control of infection. It is
therefore of concern that the facilities for hand washing in 17% of the salons visited
were inadequate. In two of such salons, there was no wash hand facility other than
one located in a toilet area.
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6. There is scope for improvement in the manner in which laundry and equipment
storage is managed in salons.
7. Services such as sanitary accommodation, heating and lighting provided within
salons were generally good. However, in ventilation spray tanning areas requires
further research.
8. The policies surrounding certain practices, as reported, were found to be lacking.
While Therapists reported that hands are washed frequently, just over a quarter
adopted a policy in which hand washing was not at a sufficient frequency. A revised
policy indicating a more widespread use of disposable gloves for certain treatments is
required in 87% of salons.
Further investigation into policies regarding pre-treatment testing is required before
comment can be made.
9. Personal hygiene was observed to be generally very good among personnel in
salons at the time of survey.
10. The storage and disposal of general and contaminated waste was not satisfactory
in many cases. A knowledge of the proper means and channels through which to store
and dispose of used needles was greatly lacking.
11. None of the salons surveyed has equipment to sterilise ‘hard’, reusable tools used
to cut or pierce the skin. 73% of salons provided a UV disinfection cabinet but the
knowledge regarding the maintenance of these cabinets was lacking in 86% of those
salons.
12. All of the salons surveyed provided suitable chemicals for disinfecting tools,
equipment, surfaces etc. However, an absence of the use and / or proper use of
detergents and these disinfectants was apparent in a number of cases, such as in the
cleaning of foot spas, make up brushes, toe separators and sponges.
13. In most cases, the protection of bare feet in contact with floor / other surfaces
from infection was adequate. However, the practice of ‘double dipping’ i.e. repeated
dipping of applicators into certain cosmetics is common practice. A suitable method
of dispensing other cosmetics was reported in many instances as was the practice of
changing towels.
14. An improvement in the provision of after-care leaflets for first time clients is
needed.
15. Similarly, the maintenance of client records was not satisfactory in more than half
of the salons.
16. The display of qualifications for all Therapists employed in the salons was not
available in almost quarter of salons. The scope of this survey did not permit an
assessment of the adequacy of qualifications of staff employed.
17. The majority of salons (86%) were small, independently run businesses
employing up to two people.
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18. Regulation for the protection of clients receiving certain treatments, such as laser
treatment, is greatly lacking.
19. The practice of holding a medical clinic was noted in 17% of the salons surveyed.
20. A positive reception to the introduction of some form of regulation over beauty
salons was noted during interviews with many salon operators.
21. The introduction of regulatory standards would afford greater uniformity of
standards and practices and ultimately, greater protection for the public
7.0 Recommendations
1. That research into the practices within beauty salons is further developed by
means of Environmental Health personnel replicating this survey in other parts of
the country.
2. That Environmental Health staff receive training on the practices, procedures, and
treatments provided by and within the beauty therapy industry.
3. That a ‘Guide to Good Practice in Beauty Salons’ is developed for use and
dissemination in the Republic of Ireland by the Environmental Health in
conjunction with relevant stakeholders.
4. That Environmental Health staff, in turn and in conjunction with relevant bodies,
contribute to the training of Beauty Therapists by the development of a syllabus
including, but not exclusively, content on the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004
- 2006 and public health aspects.
5. That Environmental Health staff develop an award system for salons proving to be
operating to a defined standard, such as a guide referred to in point no. 3. This
could be done in conjunction with relevant, interested bodies.
6. That information is provided to the public in relation to standards to expect in a
beauty salon.
7. That microbiological guideline standards applicable to beauty salons are
developed by the Environmental Health service.
8. That research is undertaken to determine the level of beauty salon acquired
infection or injury.
9. The operation of beauty salons should be regulated within the Republic of Ireland
such that the premises is licensed once the physical design, facilities etc. meet a
minimum standard, the staff employed meet a minimum level of training in
relation to the treatments offered among many other relevant criteria. Such
standards should be enforced on an ongoing basis through regular inspections
carried out by Environmental Health Officers and any other profession deemed
necessary.
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The implementation of these recommendations is envisaged on a staged basis, which
is outlined in Appendix 9.8.
8.0 Acknowledgements
The authors would like to sincerely thank the following for their co-operation and
assistance in carrying out this survey:
1. The proprietors and staff members of all the salons surveyed.
2. Ms. Mary Ferry, proprietor of the Gweedore Beauty and Body Clinic, Gweedore
and Fás Course Tutor in beauty therapy
3. Mr. Joe O Neill Management Consultants, Treenduff, Bohola, Claremorris, Co.
Mayo
4. The Irish Beauty Professionals Association, 46, Lr. Leeson St., Dublin 2
5. Aqualab Laboratory, Killybegs, Co. Donegal
6. The Public Analysts’ Laboratory, Seamus Quirke Rd., Galway
7. Ms. Wendy Nixon, Senior Business Development Manager, Business Development
Group, Hairdressing and Beauty Industry Authority (HABIA), Oxford House, 6th
Avenue, Sky Business Park, Robin Hood Airport, Donacster, South Yorkshire,UK
DN9 3GG
8. Ms. Tina Garrity, Information and Communications Manager, Chartered Institute
of Environmental Health, Chadwick Court, 15 Hatfields, London SE1 8DJ, UK.
9. Ms. Suzanne Tinney , Waste Awareness Officer, Donegal County Council, The
Kube, Magheranan, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal
10. Dr.Olive Smyth, Senior Medical Officer, Irish Medicines Board, Kevin O’Malley
House, Earlsfort Centre, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2.
11, Ms. Louise Cullen, Surveillance Scientist, Dept. of Public Health, HSE West, St.
Conal’s, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal
12. Mr. Julian Cant, DaRo UV Systems Ltd., Chilton, Sudbury, Suffolk, CO10 2YA,
UK.
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9.0 Appendices
Appendix 9.1 Description of Beauty Treatments
The following is a basic description of the treatments concerned:
Facial & Eye Treatments
These include manual treatments such as cleansing, toning, moisturising, application
of face mask, facial massage, eyebrow shaping, eyebrow and eyelash tinting, eyelash
perming, application of false eyelashes etc.
Electrical treatments for the face can be provided by equipment for
microdermabrasion (see below), vaccum suction, laser treatment (see below) and
those providing electrical muscle stimulation, among others.
Manicures and Pedicures
A manicure could involve nail filing, nail buffing, cuticle work, hand massage and
nail enamelling. Common special hand and nail treatments use paraffin wax, oil, salt
rub and thermal mittens. Nails can be extended by artificial nail systems.
A pedicure can involve the above in addition to a foot soak in a foot spa.
The application of nail art and jewellery can also be part of a manicure or pedicure
Laser Treatments
In beauty salons, lasers are used for treatments such as hair removal, skin
rejuvenation and to address fine line and wrinkles. For hair removal, the
process uses light, which is absorbed by the pigment in the individual
hairs. The pigment converts the light to heat, a process which disables the
ability of the hair follicle to grow further hair.
IPL (Intensed Pulsed Light) works on the same principles as lasers in that
light energy is absorbed into particular target cells with colour in the skin
but differ to lasers in that they deliver many wavelengths (or colours) in
each pulse of light instead of just one wavelength. (Ref. http:// dermnetnz.
org/procedures/ipl.html)
Body Electrical Treatments
Used as part of a weight loss programme where equipment is used to aid weight loss
as part of an effective body treatment programme. Electrical treatments offered could
be vibratory treatment, which is a form of mechanical massage. Vacuum massage
treatment which increases the body’s circulation and lymphatic flow to aid in the
removal of waste products and excess fluid. Electrotherapy is the application of an
electrical current for therapeutic purpose such as the removal of cellulite or muscle
toning
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Electrolysis
This is a method of hair removal using an electrical current. A needle is inserted into
the follicle and a current is applied which causes localised damage to the areas that
generate hair. There are a number of techniques, such as galvanic electrolysis, which
chemically alters the salt and water around the hair follicle to produce a small amount
of lye to destroy the cells. Another type of electrolysis, thermolysis, vibrates the cells
around the hair follicle to produce heat, which will achieve the same affect. In some
cases, both techniques are applied.
Waxing
Waxing is the removal of body hair by use of heated wax applied with a spatula and
removed with fabric strips.
Microdermabrasion
This is a method which exfoliates the surface of the skin using crystals which are
directed at the skin surface using compressed air via a specialised hand piece. The
dead skin and crystals are then removed via a vacuum as directed by the hand piece.
Platinum Detox
This involves the immersion of the feet in a specialist foot spa unit, which is said to
assist removal of toxins from the body through the feet.
Teeth Whitening
Use of a bleach and UV light onto the teeth.
Ear Candling
This involves lighting one end of a hollow candle and inserting the other end into the
ear canal. It claims the flame creates negative pressure, which draws ear wax out of
the ear canal, offering relief from some ear, nose and throat conditions
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Appendix 9.2 Extracts from EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006
Regulation 10 - Labelling requirements
10. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Regulation, a person shall not place on the market
a cosmetic product unless the container and packaging bears the following information in
indelible, easily legible and visible lettering (a) the name or style and the address or registered office of the manufacturer of the
cosmetic product or of the person responsible for placing the product on the market. Such
manufacturer or person responsible for placing the product on the market shall be
established in a Member State of the Community. This information may be abbreviated
provided that any such abbreviation does not prevent the manufacturer or the person
concerned from being identified;
(b) the nominal content at the time of packaging, given by weight or by volume, except in
the case of packaging containing less than five grams or five millilitres, free samples and
single-application packs. In the case of pre-packages normally sold as a number of items
for which details of the weight or volume are not significant, the content need not be
stated provided that the number of items is stated on the packaging. Such information
need not be given if the number of items in the presentation is easy to see from the
outside or if the product is normally only sold individually;
(c) the date of minimum durability. This shall be indicated by the words "best
used before the end of....." followed by either:
- the date itself, or
- details of where it appears on the packaging.
The said date shall be clearly expressed and shall consist of either the month and year or
the day, month and year in that order. Where this requirement is applicable, the
information shall be supplemented by an indication of the conditions which must be
satisfied to guarantee the stated durability. The indication of the date of durability shall
not be mandatory for cosmetic products with a minimum durability of 30 months;
(d) an indication of the period of time after opening for which the product can be used
without any harm to the consumer in the case of cosmetic products with a minimum
durability of 30 months. This information shall be indicated by the open jar symbol given
in Part 1 of Schedule 8 together with an indication of the period of time after opening
followed by the period which shall be expressed in months and/or years;
(e) any particular precautions to be observed in use, especially those listed in Schedules 3,
4, 6, and 7 in the columns headed "Conditions of use and warnings which must be printed
on the label". Such information shall include any special precautionary information on the
cosmetic product for professional use. Where this is impossible for practical reasons, an
enclosed leaflet, label, tape or card must contain that information and to which the
consumer is referred either by abbreviated information or by use of the symbol given in
Part 2 of Schedule 8. Any such reference shall appear on the container and on the
packaging;
(f) the batch number of manufacture or the reference for identifying the goods. Where this
is impossible for practical reasons because the cosmetic products are too small, such
information need appear only on the packaging;
(g) the function of the cosmetic product, unless it is clear from the presentation thereof;
(h) a list of ingredients in descending order of weight as determined at the time at which
the said ingredients were added to the product. That list shall be preceded by the word
"ingredients".
(2) (a) The particulars referred to in sub-paragraphs (b), (c), (d) (e) and (g) of
paragraph (1) shall be in the Irish or in the English language, provided
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always that this shall not prohibit the additional use of other languages.
(b) The particulars referred to in sub-paragraph (h) of paragraph (1) shall be in
a language easily understood by the consumer and may be indicated on the
packaging alone.
Schedule 1 (Regulation 4(1))
Illustrative list by Category of Cosmetic Products:
- creams, emulsions, lotions, gels and oils for the skin (hands, face, feet, etc.).
- face masks (with the exception of peeling products).
- tinted bases (liquids, pastes, powders).
- make-up powders, after-bath powders, hygienic powders, etc.
- toilet soaps, deodorant soaps, etc.
- perfumes, toilet waters and eau de cologne.
- bath and shower preparations (salts, foams, oils, gels, etc.).
- depilatories.
- deodorants and antiperspirants.
- hair care products.
- hair tints and bleaches.
- products for waving, straightening and fixing.
- setting products.
- cleansing products (lotions, powders, shampoos).
- conditioning products (lotions, creams, oils).
- hairdressing products (lotions, lacquers, brilliantines).
- shaving products (creams, foams, lotions, etc.).
- products for making up and removing make-up from the face and the eyes.
- products intended for application to the lips.
- products for care of the teeth and the mouth.
- products for nail care and make-up.
- products for external intimate hygiene.
- sunbathing products.
- products for tanning without sun.
- skin-whitening products.
- anti-wrinkle products.
Schedule 3 (Regulation 8(1)(b)) Part 1
List of substances which cosmetic products must not contain except subject to
the restrictions and conditions laid down:
Reference No. 8
Substance:
m- and p-Phenylenediamines, their N-substituted derivatives and their salts; Nsubstituted derivatives of o-Phenylenediamines1, with the exception of those
derivatives listed elsewhere in this Schedule
Field of Application and / or Use:
Oxidizing colouring agents for hair dyeing (a) general use
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(b) professional use
Maximum authorized concentration in the finished cosmetic product:
6% calculated as free base
Conditions of Use and Warnings which must be printed on the Lable:
(a) – Contains phenylenediamines. Can cause an allergic reaction. Do not use to dye
eyelases or eyebrows.
(b) – Contains phenylenediamines. For professional use only. Can cause an allergic
reaction. Wear suitable gloves.
Reference No. 12
Substance
Hydrogen peroxide, and other compounds or mixtures that release hydrogen peroxide,
including carbamide peroxide and
Field of Application and / or use:
(a) Hair-care preparations
(b) Skin-care preparations
© Nail hardening preparations
(d) Oral hygiene products
Maximum authorized concentration in the finished cosmetic product
(a) 12% H202 (40 volumes) present or released;
(b) 4% of H202 present or released
© 2% of H202 present or released
(d) 0.1% of H202 present or released
Conditions of Use and Warnings which must be printed on the Lable:
(a) (b) and (c)
- Contains hydrogen peroxide.
- Avoid contact with eyes.
- Rinse eyes immediately if product comes into contact with them.
(a) Wear suitable gloves.
Schedule 2 (Regulation 8(1)(a))
List of substances which cosmetic products must not contain
68. Cadmium and its compounds.
289. Lead and its compounds.
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Appendix 9.3 Letter Issued to Beauty Salon Operators prior to Survey
Environmental Health Department
County Clinic
St. Conal’s Hospital
Letterkenny
Co. Donegal
 ( 074) 9123759
Fax: (074) 9122592
To: The Proprietor,
Co. Donegal.
27/4/2009
Re:
EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006 and
Survey of Beauty Salons in Co. Donegal
Dear Proprietor,
There are over 100 beauty salons in Co. Donegal. The sale and supply of cosmetics
used in beauty salons is governed by the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regulations 2004 –
2006 (SI No. 870 of 2004). Information on these Regulations and the role of the
Environmental Health service in relation to them is outlined in the enclosed leaflet.
This service intends to call to a number of beauty salons in Co. Donegal in the coming
months in order to assess compliance with these Regulations. This may include
sampling of cosmetic products for analysis of contents. Please note that although
samples can be taken without payment, you will be reimbursed the cost of the product
at wholesale price and there will be no fee for the analysis or results of analysis. At
the same time, it is proposed to carry out a pilot survey to assess the health and
hygiene precautions that are taken to protect client health within beauty salons. The
purpose of this is to independently and objectively gain information on the efficacy of
self-regulation within the beauty industry to date with a view to contributing to the
development of guidelines of best practice for the industry.
The survey may include any or all of the following:
-
facilities available for cleaning and disinfection
personal hygiene procedures
waste disposal
cleaning and sanitising procedures
staff training
sampling / swabbing for microbiological levels
Publication of the survey results will not identify any individual person or premises.
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If yours is one of the salons visited by myself (or a colleague), I look forward to
meeting you and your co-operation is much appreciated. If you have any queries,
please contact me at the above office.
Yours sincerely,
_____________________________
Cora Murray,
Senior Environmental Health Officer,
Environmental Health Dept.
END
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Appendix 9.4 Information Sheet issued with letter to Salons Informing of
Microbiological Results:
Information on Bacteria Tested for in Beauty Salons
Microbiological tests on samples or swabs taken from beauty salons
included tests for:
Total Viable Counts (TVC) at 30ºC
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas spp. (from foot spas only)
Microorganisms are found everywhere and sterile conditions are not
expected. However, implements used to cut or pierce the skin must be
sterile i.e. totally free from all living microorganisms. The bacteria listed
above were selected to indicate the general level of cleanliness of the
sample / surface selected. There are no legal limits or guidelines on the
maximum levels of bacteria on products / surfaces etc within beauty
salons in Ireland.
The following provides some background information on the organisms
tested for:
Total Viable Counts (TVC)
This provides a count of the number of micro-organisms present in the
swab or sample. It provides a general reflection of the level of microorganisms present.
To be specific, the count actually represents the number of colony
forming units (cfu) per g (or per ml or per area swabbed) of the sample.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
Staph aureus is commonly carried on the skin and in the nose of humans,
where it mostly causes no harm (this is termed as carriage or colonisation
by the bacteria). It has been documented that 30% of people
continuously carry Staph aureus in their noses, while many other people
carry the bacteria, without any ill effects, from time to time.
Colonisation with Staph aureus is NOT the same as infection with Staph aureus:
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

Colonisation is when someone carries a bacteria around with them
without any ill effects
Infection is when a bacteria manages to get through the skin (for
example through a cut) or into other parts of the body where it
can multiply and cause a person to become ill.
It can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections, such as
pimples, impetigo, boils, septic cuts, styes, folliculitis and abscesses, to
more serious infections. Staph aureus is mainly spread by direct personto-person contact (e.g. on unwashed hands) or through indirect contact by
touching objects that have been contaminated with the bacteria. If the
skin of a client is damaged, S. aureus may gain access to underlying
tissues or the bloodstream and cause infection.
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae, commonly referred to as coliforms, are a family of
bacteria that normally inhabit the intestines of humans and animals. They
can cause a variety of diseases. They are generally easily destroyed by
disinfectants. Because these bacteria are found in large numbers in the
gut, they are transmitted most often via the faecal / oral route as a
result of inappropriate hand washing after contact with faeces or by
drinking contaminated water.
Pseudomonas spp.
Pseudomonads are a group of bacteria found commonly in soil and other
natural environments. Although many types of pseudomonads have been
identified, the one that most commonly causes infection is Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.
Where is it found?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is sometimes called a 'water loving bug', because
of its ability to grow and multiply easily in water. Foot spas, hydrotherapy
pools, Jacuzzis and hot tubs are a risk because of the combination of
water, warmth, aeration and human contamination providing ideal growth
conditions for these bacteria.
What are examples of pseudomonas infections?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause infections of the lung, eye, ear, and
skin, blood, urinary tract and wound infections, particularly in burn
wounds.
How do you get pseudomonas infections?
A person can acquire a pseudomonas infection in various ways. For
example, external ear infections after swimming in contaminated water,
and infected wounds through contact with contaminated solutions, hands
or equipment, such as a contaminated foot spa.
Who is most likely to get pseudomonas infections?
Anyone can get a pseudomonas infection, although pseudomonads rarely
attack healthy individuals in the community. Generally, people who are at
most risk of getting pseudomonas infections and becoming seriously ill are
those who have a weak immune system, for example, cancer patients
undergoing treatment, the very sick, the very young, the very old and
people with burns.
(Ref. http://www.health.qld.gov.au/ph/Documents/cdb/19687.pdf July
2003)
END
Appendix 9.5 Information Sheet Accompanying Chemical Analysis Results
During 2009, a selection of cosmetic product samples were taken from various outlets
throughout Co. Donegal and analysed under the EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004
– 2006.
The following parameters were tested for in the cosmetic product examples given:
p-Phenylanediamine - Hair colouring products, eyelash tint, eyebrow dye.
Bleaching agents – Hair dying and perming products, teeth whitening products, facial
hair bleach.
Lead and Cadmium - Skin products e.g. face cream, eye cream, body moisturiser,
skin lightening cream, tanning lotion, massage cream, eye shadow, lip & cheek tint,
exfoliating cream, foundation.
The above Regulations stipulate restrictions and conditions of use for the above
parameters.
p-Phenylanediamine
p-Phenylanediamine helps to impart colour to hair. It is permitted under the above
Regulations as an oxidising colouring agent for dying hair for both general and
41
14/12/2009
professional use in a maximum concentration of 6% calculated as freebase.
Conditions of use and warning must be printed on the label i.e. when the product is
for both general and professional use, the label must state “contains
phenylenediamines” and “can cause an allergic reaction”. Those for sale to the public
must also state “do not use to dye eyelashes or eyebrows” while those for professional
use must state “for professional use only” and “wear suitable gloves”.
This is because of the health risks associated with its use. Exposure to pphenylenediamine may produce eczema , bronchial asthma, gastritis, skin rash and
death. It can cross react with many other chemicals and can cause photosentisitation.
Hydrogen Peroxide
This substance is added to cosmetic products as an oxidising agent used to form
dyestuffs during hair dyeing and to oxygenate stains on the teeth.
Under the above Regulations, hydrogen peroxide and other compounds or mixtures
that release it are restricted to the following limits when carrying out the associated
activity:
Field of Application or Use:
(a) Hair care preparations
(b) Skin care preparations
(c) Nail hardening preparations
(d) Oral hygiene products
Max. concentration in the finished product:
12% H2O2 (40 volumes) present or released.
4% H2O2 present or released.
2% present or released.
0.1% H2O2 present or released.
The conditions of use applicable to (a), (b) and (c) above and the warnings that must
be printed on the label of such products are: “contains hydrogen peroxide”, “avoid
contact with eyes”, “rinse eyes immediately if product comes into contact with them”
and also applicable to hair care products, “wear suitable gloves”.
There are health risks associated with the use of hydrogen peroxide - it is an irritant of
the eyes, mucous membranes and skin. Undiluted, it can cause burns of the skin and
mucous membranes.
Heavy Metals: Lead and Cadmium
Under the above Regulations, lead and cadmium and their compounds are banned as
ingredients of cosmetic products. However, the Regulations allow for traces of these
metals where such traces “are technically unavoidable in the context of good
manufacturing practice and could not reasonably have been removed during or after
manufacture.”
The health effects of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are widely reported.
Lead is poisonous in all forms. It is one of the most hazardous of toxic metals because
its poison is cumulative and its toxic effects are many and severe. Among them are
leg cramps, muscle weakness, numbness, depression, brain damage, coma and death.
Lead can effect children’s’ mental development and intelligence.
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Cadmium accumulates in kidneys where it can cause kidney damage. It takes a long
time before cadmium that has accumulated in kidneys is excreted from the body.
Mercuric iodide can also damage the central nervous system and the skin.
(Ref. Ruth Winter, “A Consumer’s Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients”).
END.
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Appendix 9.6 Breakdown of Microbiological Results in Beauty Salons:
Swab of
Foot spa
Make-up brush
‘Barbicide’
liquid
disinfectant
Heads of facial
machine
Interior of UV
cabinet
Wax from wax
pot
Eye shadow /
Make-up
Hot towel
cabinet
Manicure &
Pedicure tools
Whb / sink
Toe separators
Lip & eye
pencil
Towels on
couch
Surface of
trolley
Lipstick
Bowl
Vaseline
Hot stone in
tank
Plastic sheet for
waxing
Sun bed
Total N =
*TVC
*S
*E
*P
No. of Lowest result
swabs (cfu per area swabbed /
per g or per ml)
*TVC *S
*E
14
<10
<10
<10
5
<10
<10
<10
1
<1
<1
<1
Highest result
(cfu per area swabbed / per g
or per ml
*P
*TVC
*S
*E
*P
<10 360,000 <10
N/A
400
N/A 282
<10
<10
N/A
N/A N/A
3
<10
<10
<10
N/A 10
<10
<10
N/A
3
<10
<10
<10
N/A 673
<10
<10
N/A
4
<10
<10
<10
N/A 10
<10
<10
N/A
5
<10
<10
<10
N/A 282
<10
<10
N/A
1
3,900
<10
<10
N/A -
-
-
N/A
2
<10
<10
<10
N/A 70
<10
<10
N/A
6
2
3
<10
160
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
N/A 5,600
N/A 491
N/A 10
<10
40
<10
<10
<10
<10
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
<10
<10
<10
N/A 160
<10
<10
N/A
2
<10
<10
<10
N/A 80
<10
<10
N/A
1
2
1
1
<10
<10
110
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
<10
-
<10
-
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
20
<10
<10
N/A -
-
-
N/A
1
60
<10
<10
<10
N/A -
-
-
N/A
= Total Viable Counts
= Staphylococcus aureus
= Enterobacteriaceae
= Pseudomonas spp.
END
44
<10
-
14/12/2009
Appendix 9.7 Treatments offered by Beauty Salons
The following gives a breakdown of the number of salons offering various treatments:
Type of
Treatment
Application of
make-up
Manicure /
Pedicure
Skin care and eye
treatments
Body electrical
treatments
Electrolysis
Facial electrical
treatments
Laser
Nail art and
technology
Body & / or head
massage
Hot stone therapy
Waxing
Microdermabrasion
Platinum detox
Ear candling
Spray tanning
Teeth whitening
Teeth jewellery
No. of Salons Offering
this treatment (N=30 in
total)
29*
%
29*
97%
30
100%
1*
3%
14
9
47%
30%
7
9
23%
30%
29
97%
14
30
3
3
4
20
6
1
47%
100%
10%
10%
13%
66%
20%
3%
97%
* 29 out of the 30 salons were assessed for these criteria
END
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Appendix 9.8. Implementation of Report Recommendations
The above is envisaged in the following stages:
Stage 1 Survey of Beauty Salons (completed in Co. Donegal)

Stage 2 Provision of training for specific Environmental Health personnel

Stage 3 Development of a ‘Guide to Good Practice’ for hygiene within beauty salons

Stage 4 Dissemination of Information to wider Environmental Health service

Stage 5 Development of training material to contribute to the training of Beauty
Therapists

Stage 6 Contribution to the Development of an Awards System in conjunction with
other bodies e.g. trade, beauty industry associations.

Stage 7 Dissemination of information to the public regarding expected standards
END
Appendix 9.9 Abbreviations
BABTAC - British Association of Beauty Therapy and Cosmetology
CIBTAC - Confederation of International Beauty Therapy & Cosmetology
CIDESCO- Comite International D'esthetique et de Cosmetologie
CIEH – Chartered Institute of Environmental Health
EHOA – Environmental Health Officers’ Association
FETAC – Further Education and Training Awards Council
FHT – Federation of Holistic Therapies
HABIA - Hairdressing and Beauty Industry Authority
IBPA – Irish Beauty Professionals’ Association
ITEC – Irish Training & Educational Centre
NABTET – National Agency for Beauty Therapy Education and Training
NSAI – National Standards Authority of Ireland
NVQ – National Vocational Qualifications
END
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Appendix 9.10 Draft Guide to Good Practice in Beauty Salons
Environmental Health Department
County Clinic
St. Conal’s Hospital
Letterkenny
Co. Donegal
 ( 074) 9123759
Fax: (074) 9122592
Nov 2009
DRAFT GUIDE TO GOOD PRACTICE IN BEAUTY SALONS
EC (Cosmetic Products) Regs., 2004 - 2006
All cosmetic products sold must comply with the above Regulations (see enclosed
leaflet “HSE Environmental Health – Retail Sales of Cosmetic Product” for reference)
It is advisable to keep a record of suppliers of all cosmetic products to your premises
and the product batch numbers.
Recommendations Regarding Practices within the Beauty Salon
Facilities for Cleaning:
1. Separate facilities for cleaning tools, equipment etc. should be provided in or
within easy access to the treatment room(s) e.g. a sink in a hallway from which
the treatment room(s) are directly accessed. A sink in a toilet area is not suitable.
2. A means of supplying constant and instant running hot as well as cold water at
each sink / whb used within the salon should be provided e.g. by means of an
under-sink immersion, connection to the central hot water heating system etc.
3. A supply of hot water should be made available at all times during which the
salon is in use.
Facilities for Hand washing:
1. A wash hand basin for washing hands as required for the treatment of clients
should ideally be provided and located in each treatment room or alternatively at
an easily accessible location to the treatment room(s).
2. Each wash hand basin should be provided with a constant and instant supply of
running hot and cold water.
3. A supply of liquid soap should be available at each wash hand facility at all times.
4. Single use paper towels are preferred to fabric reusable towels for hand-drying.
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Laundry:
1. A covered container lined with a plastic bag should be provided for the storage of
cloth items awaiting washing
2. Reusable cloth items (e.g. towels / face cloths / headbands / blankets / duvets /
foot or hand mittens / gowns / couch covers / sarongs / floor rugs) should be
washed at a minimum temperature of 60 ºC in the washing machine.
3. Re-usable cloth items with direct client contact should be used on one client only
before being laundered. Reusable items with indirect client contact e.g. blankets
on couches covered with couch roll or similar covering should be laundered once
a week or more frequently, as required.
Storage of Equipment:
1. Equipment awaiting use should be stored in a manner so as to reduce the likelihood
of contamination e.g. stored up off the floor on suitable shelving or other storage.
Services - Ventilation:
1. A suitable means of ventilation should be provided in each of the treatment rooms
by (a), (b) or (c) below and the toilet area(s) by (a) or (b) below:
a) natural means e.g. an openable window or a permanent vent in an outer
wall or
b) sufficient mechanical extract ventilation ducted directly to the outer air
c) air conditioning to which air is supplied directly from the outer air
2. Mechanical extract ventilation ducted directly to the outer air should be provided in
the spray tanning area. The extract fan should be of adequate strength and located so
as to remove all traces of overspray.
Policies:
Disposable Gloves:
1. Disposable gloves should be worn where there is or may be contact with mucous
membranes (e.g. during intimate waxing) or blood or serum (e.g. in case of blood
spotting during waxing). The use of disposable gloves is recommended for each of the
following treatments:







waxing
electrolysis
extractions
application of nail extensions
eyebrow tweezing
red vein treatment
application of tooth jewellery
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Gloves should be discarded after each client. Wearing gloves is not a replacement for
washing hands.
Patch Tests:
1. A patch test should be carried out regularly on each client when attending for the
following treatments:









waxing
tinting of eye brows or eyelashes
eyelash perming
application of false eyelashes
application of semi-permanent make-up
laser and intense pulsed light treatments
self tanning
hair bleaching
microdermabrasion
However, carrying out a patch test on each client each time a treatment is
administered is recommended. The skin may become sensitive to a particular product
even after many years of use and an allergic reaction may occur.
2. For certain treatments e.g. eyebrow / eyelash tinting, eyelash perming, hair
bleaching, a patch test should be carried out a minimum of 48 hours before
treatment. Guidance should be taken from the instructions provided with the
product or by the manufacturer of the equipment concerned.
3. A patch test should be carried out on each client if a different brand or type of
cosmetic product is used from the previous test.
Personal Hygiene:
1. Fingernails should be kept short, clean and without enamel
2. Hands should be washed before and after treating a client, involving any physical
contact with the client or any possible blood or body fluid exposure.
Waste Disposal:
1. Lidded bins should be provided for the storage of general waste
2. Most waste material can be disposed of as general waste and placed into the normal
refuse containers. However, some treatments can produce contaminated waste
including waxing, electrolysis, microdermabrasion and extractions. Any cotton wool,
tissues or cloths with any blood spots or human tissue should be double-bagged prior
to disposal by landfill.
3. Boxes of used needles should be stored in a ‘sharps box’ labelled as ‘contaminated’
and ‘for incineration’ prior to disposal. Sharps boxes should not be filled to the top so
as to avoid accidental injury
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4. Boxes of used needles should only be disposed of by collection by permitted
collectors. A list of permitted collectors can be obtained from your local authority.
Cleaning of Implements / Tools:
Sterilisation is the total removal or destruction of all living microorganisms.
Equipment used to cut or pierce the skin must be sterile. Sterilisation may only be
performed on ‘hard’ reusable implements e.g. metal scissors, tweezers.
Disinfection is the destruction of most microorganisms. Disinfectants do not kill all
bacteria but they reduce them to an acceptable level.
Cleaning is the physical process that removes dirt, dust, soil and organic matter along
with a large proportion of microorganisms from an object.
1. Disinfectant solutions used to steep tools should be changed regularly in line with
manufacturers’ instructions. The preparation and use of a new solution of disinfectant
daily is recommended as many disinfectants deteriorate when stored or are inactivated
by contaminants.
2. Re-usable tools such as sponges, make-up brushes, some manicure / pedicure tools
(e.g. foot files, toe separators etc) should be adequately cleaned, by washing in warm
soapy water, rinsing followed by disinfection e.g.
a) using chemicals such as ‘Barbicide’ etc. or
b) by heat e.g. boiling water / steam / hot air, as appropriate.
Thorough cleaning is essential before disinfection so as to remove all organic matter
such as skin tissue, dirt etc.
3. An effective disinfectant(s) suitable for use on tools, equipment, surfaces etc within
a beauty salon should be used e.g. hand-sprays, tea tree oil or similar preparations
used as skin disinfectants or anti-bacterial soap for hand-washing are not suitable for
disinfecting tools or equipment.
4. An adequate supply of effective disinfectant(s) suitable for use on tools, equipment,
surfaces etc. within the beauty salon should be available.
Equipment for Sterilisation and Disinfection:
1. ‘Hard’, reusable implements e.g. commodone extractors, metal scissors, tweezers,
cuticle knives etc. used to cut or pierce the skin should be sterilised using suitable
sterilisation equipment such as a glass-bead steriliser or an autoclave. The provision
of equipment for sterilising such implements between use on clients is recommended.
Traditional benchtop steam autoclaves (non- vacuum) require training in correct use
and maintenance. They are considered suitable for solid instruments. A vacuum
autoclave is needed for hollow instruments or tubes. It is important that a vacuum
autoclave has a vacuum drying cycle incorporated. It is essential that instruments are
thoroughly cleaned before they are sterilised.
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2. Please note that Ultraviolet (UV) cabinets do not sterilise and have limited
disinfection properties – they are efficient in storing previously disinfected
equipment. UV light inactivates microorganisms on the surface that it hits and is not
suitable for the disinfection of tools such as make-up brushes, sponges or items with
hidden surfaces.
3. UV light cabinets require maintenance e.g. bulbs in UV cabinets have a limited
lamp life and bulbs should be changed according to manufacturers’ instructions.
Although it may appear that bulbs are working efficiently, their output depletes over
time. The life expectancy of the bulb in your UV cabinet should be checked with your
supplier.
4. A note or record should be kept of the date each time the UV bulb(s) in the UV
cabinet(s) is / are replaced.
Cleaning of Equipment:
1. Foot Spas (with aeration jets / drainage pipes / circulation pipes / removable
rollers):The following cleaning and disinfection procedure is recommended:
After each client:
1.
2.
3.
4.
drain the water from the foot spa basin or bowl and remove any visible debris.
clean the surfaces of the foot spa with warm water and detergent
rinse with clean water and drain
after cleaning, disinfect the surfaces with a suitable disinfectant for 10 minutes
or the minimum contact time required on the label of the disinfectant, turning
the unit on circulate the disinfectant for the entire contact time.
5. drain and rinse with clean water
Nightly:
1. remove the filter screen, inlet jets and all other removable parts from the basin
and clean out any debris trapped behind or in them.
2. using a brush, scrub these parts with warm water and detergent
3. rinse the removed parts with clean water and place them back into the basin
apparatus
4. fill the basin with clean water and disinfectant, following label directions.
Turn the unit on and circulate the system with the liquid for 10 minutes or
follow the minimum contact time required on the label of disinfectant.
5. after disinfection, drain, rinse and allow to air dry or dry with disposable paper
towel.
For Simple Basins:
1. drain the basin and remove any visible debris
2. scrub the bowl with a clean brush in warm water and detergent.
3. rinse and drain
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4. disinfect the basin surface with a suitable disinfectant, preferably by steeping
(i.e. rather than spraying) in a disinfectant solution for 10 minutes or the
minimum contact time required on the label of disinfectant.
5. drain the basin, rinse with clean water and allow to air dry or dry with
disposable paper towel.
2. Other Equipment:
The following relates to equipment such as UV cabinets, hot towel cabinets, trolleys,
wax pots, steamers, electrical equipment (e.g. microdermabrasion machines, laser
machines, body electrical equipment), hot stone massage tank, platinum detox basin,
spray tanning equipment, goggles etc:
Equipment should be adequately cleaned and disinfected, by washing all surfaces in
soapy water (or wiping with a clean cloth in warm soapy water) followed by rinsing
in clean water and, most importantly, disinfection e.g. by chemicals such as surgical
spirits.
Practices:
1. Suitable covering e.g. couch roll, should be placed on floor areas upon which
clients walk barefooted. Alternatively, disposable foot covers should be provided
for use by the client.
2. The use of single use disposable tools / items, where possible, is recommended
e.g. use of cotton wool in lieu of toe separators / wooden spatulas in lieu of metal
ones
3. The use of single client tools is recommended e.g. use of single client pots,
cartridges and disposable applicator heads for waxing.
4. In all cases, in order to reduce the risk of cross infection, applicators should not be
put into a cosmetic product again once it has touched the clients skin, whether
using either disposable or washable applicators i.e. double dipping must be
avoided. This practice relates to the application of make-up (when using either
disposable applicators or washable brushes) or waxing (using a new spatula for
each dip into the wax pot or using a single spatula to take wax from the pot and
then allowing the wax to drop onto another spatula for application on the client sometimes referred to as the ‘spooning method’)
5. Creams, lotions and sprays should be dispensed from pump or spray bottles where
possible. Otherwise, products must be distributed with a disposable spatula.
6. Wax remaining in the base of a wax pot should not be decanted into a fresh pot of
wax.
7. Towels should be changed after every client
After-Care Leaflets:
After care leaflets should be provided for first time clients having availed of the
following treatments:
 Microdermabrasion (after care & home care advice)
 Semi-permanent make-up (after care advice)
 Ultrasound (home care advice)
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







Waxing (home care advice)
Electrolysis (home care advice)
Laser and pulsed light treatment (home care advice)
Artificial nail systems (after care advice)
Self-Tanning Treatments (after care advice)
Red vein removal (after care & home care advice)
Body electrical treatments (home care advice)
Spa treatments (home care advice)
Client Record Cards:
Updated records outlining the treatments given to each client together with dates,
patch / sensitivity tests and any contra-indications should be kept for the following
treatments:








electrical epilation
laser and pulsed light treatments
eye lash and eye brow tinting
manicure and pedicure
waxing
nail art
body and facial electrical treatments
microdermabrasion
Training:
The qualifications of and documents relating to training received by all Therapists,
whether whole-time or part-time, should be available on the premises for inspection
by members of the public. This could be achieved by public display within the salon
or by being available in a display folder.
First Aid Kit:
A first aid box should be provided for use in the salon. The minimum contents of a
first aid box is:
-
guidance leaflet
20 individually wrapped, sterile adhesive dressings of various sizes
2 sterile eye pads
4 individually wrapped triangular badges
6 safety pins
6 medium sized and 2 large individually wrapped, sterile, unmedicated
wound dressings, and
disposable gloves
eye washing facilities
Laser and Intense Pulsed Light Treatment:
Salons with laser and / or intense pulsed light equipment are advised to follow
manufacturers’ guidelines in carrying out specific risk assessment to highlight all
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safety risks and to put in place any remedial works or safeguards necessary to
protect staff and clients.
Medical Clinic
To practice in the Republic of Ireland, a medical practicioner must be registered
with the Irish Medical Council and is given a registration number. If you currently,
or propose to, offer your salon as a medical clinic, you can check the qualifications
of the medical practicioner concerned with the Medical Council of Ireland based at
Lynn House, Portobello Court, Lower Rathmines Rd., Dublin 6 Tel. 01 4983100;
E mail: info@mcirl.ie.
You can also access their website at www.medicalcouncil.ie with the registation
number of the person involved to assist in verifying qualifications.
These are draft recommendations only that have been identified as a result of a survey
in Co. Donegal. They have been compiled from various sources and do not purport to
be exhaustive. The HSE does not claim any responsibility for the consequences of
acting upon the recommendations or from the omission of any recommendations.
END
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References
Ref 1: http://www.emaxhealth.com/57/9116.html
Ref.2 http://www.sun-sentinel.com/business/custom/consumer/sfl0121nailsalons,0,1515810.story)
Ref 3:
http://www.sutherland.nsw.gov.au/ssc/home.nsf/Web+Pages/6A7DFA8856451040C
A256DB800235CC0?OpenDocument#legislation)
Ref 4:
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAn
dGuidance/DH_4009463
Ref. 5: http://www.nabtetgroup.ie/index.html
Ref. 6 ‘Nail Infection - Tool Kit for Raising Awareness of the Need to Prevent Spread
of Infection through Nail Bars’ accessible on the CIEH website.
Ref. 7 Beauty Treatments ‘a health risk’, Environmental Health News, 1 June 2007
Ref. 8 http://beaut.ie/blog/?p=5730
Ref. 9 http://www.beautytech.info/articles/brminghamnews02132006.pdf
Ref. 10 Winthrop, K et al “An Outbreak of Mycobacterial Furunculosis Associated
with Footbaths at a Nail Salon” The New England Journal of Medicine - Volume
346:1366-1371; May 2, 2002, Number 18
Ref 11: Huijsdens et al Methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus in a Beauty Salon,
the Netherlands, Emerging Infectious Diseases, www.cdc.gov/eid, Vol. 14, No. 11,
November 2008, pp 1797-1799
Ref 12: Bove, JP & Conrad, J Nailing the Hazards EHP 31 March 2006 pp 12-14
Ref. 13, Environmental Health News, 7 Sept 2006
Ref. 14 Beauty Bars “are health risk’’, Environmental Health News, 24 Nov., 2006
Ref. 15 Hatton, Phillip, Hygiene for Hairdressers and Beauty Therapists, 3rd Ed.,
(1998), Addison Wesley Longman, UK
Ref. No 16 Management of Spa Pools: Controlling the Risks of Infection, Health
Protection Agency, London. March 2006
Ref 17 http://www.dow.com/productsafety
Ref. 18 http://www.jtbaker.com/msds (material safety data sheet)
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Ref 19 Habia – Hygiene in Beauty Therapy – 2006
Ref. 20 Cressy, Susan, Beauty Therapy Fact File 4th Edition, Heinemann Educational
Publishers, 2004, page 144/ 5
Ref. 21 White, Maeve and Melia, Paul Unregulated beauty industry a time bomb,
health experts warn in The Irish Independent, 21 June 2005
Ref 22 Treacy, Dr. Patrick, Condemnation of laser deregulation in the Irish Medical
Times, posted in Letters on 14 June 2008
Ref. 23: Personal communication with the Irish Medicines Board, 2009
Bibliography
Ref 24: IBPA Standard of Excellence Award criteria received in personal
communication
Ref 25. Antczak, Dr. Stephen and Gina Cosmetics Unmasked – your family guide to
safe cosmetics and allergy-free toiletries (2001) HarperCollins Publishers, London
Ref. 26 Dunn, P.B. Worries over safety in Nail Salons’ from
http://news.eltecolote.org/news
Ref. 27 Winters, Ruth A Consumer’s Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients (1999) 5th
Ed. Three Rivers press, New York.
Ref. 25 NSAI I.S. 380:2007 Beauty and Holistic Therapy Management of Training
Centres (2007) National Standards Authority of Ireland, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Ref 28 Habia, Code of Practice for Waxing January 2007
END.
Disclaimer: This report is for information purposes only. While every effort has been
made to ensure that all information is accurate, the HSE or its employees do not
accept any responsibility or liability for direct, incidental or consequential damages as
a result of the use of this information.
For further information, contact Cora Murray or Jenny Fortune, Environmental Health
Dept., HSE, Co. Clinic, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. Tel. 00 353 (0) 74 9123759
Email: cora.murray@hse.ie or jenny.fortune@hse.ie.
Produced by: Environmental Health Department, HSE West, Co. Donegal
Issue Date:
December 2009
END OF REPORT
56