MWANGA DISTRICT SOCIO - ECONOMIC PROFILE AS AT DECEMBER, 2011
GEOGRAPHICAL
Location of the District, Area and Population
(a) Location
Mwanga District is one of the six districts of Kilimanjaro Region. The District lies between latitude 3 025”
and Latitude 3055” South of the Equator and between longitudes 37025” and 37058” East of the
Greenwich. It Shares borders with Simanjiro District to the West, Moshi Rural District to the North, The
Republic of Kenya to the East and Same District to the South.
(b) Topography
Mwanga District is characterized by lowlands in the East and the West that lie between 550-700 meters
above sea level and by the Usangi and Ugweno highlands that form the Eastern Arc Mountains. The
highlands have an altitude that ranges from 700 to 2500 meters above sea level.
(c) Area – Land, Water
The District has a total surface area of 2641 sq km. Land area is 2,558.6 km2 and water area is 82.4 km2 of
which 56 km2 is covered with waters of Nyumba ya Mungu Dam and 26.4 km2 is covered with waters of
Lake Jipe. Pangani River passes through Mwanga District; the stretch of the river which passes in the
district is 32 Kms. Long.
(d) Ecological Zones
The district has 2 Agro-ecological Zones as shown below;
Table 1: Agro-ecological Zones
NO
ZONE
MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
1
Western
Lowlands and
occupies
an
area of 1,233 km2.
Altitude: About 700 -750 meters above sea level.
Rainfall: The average annual rainfall is 400-600
mm.
Soils: Very stony and moderately deep.
Vegetation: Shrubs of acacia type
. Population density.
Population density was 40.4 persons per sq km by
2002, and by 2010 is estimated to be 44.5 persons
per sq km.
Agriculture
crop
cultivation
Crops:
Maize,
sisal,
legumes, paddy, finger
millet, potatoes
Livestock keeping.
Animals. .Cattle, goats,
sheep and poultry.
2
The
Eastern
Lowlands
The
zone
occupies
an
area of 600
km2.
Altitude: It is about 700 – 750 meters above sea
level.
Rainfall: The average annual rainfall is 400-600mm
Soils; sandy, clay and loamy.
Vegetation: Shrubs of acacia type.
Population density was 17.3 persons per sq km by
2002, and by 2010 is estimated to be 19 persons
per sq km.
Agriculture
crop
cultivation:
Crops: Maize, paddy,
cotton,
legumes
and
finger millet.
Livestock
keeping.
Animals;
Cattle, goats, sheep and
poultry.
1
NO
ZONE
MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY
ya Altitude:700 – 750
Rainfall: 400 -600 mm
Soils: Sandy
3
Nyumba
Mungu
4
The Highlands
The
zone
covers Usangi
and
Ugweno
highlands and
occupies
an
area of 808
km2.
Altitude: Fairly hilly with altitudes ranging from
900 – 1300meters above sea level.
Rainfall: The average annual rainfall is 8001200mm.
Soils: Characterized by well drained deep yellowish
or reddish clay with moderate organic matter.
Vegetation: Grassy with trees here and there.
Population density was 68 persons per sq km by
2002 and by 2010 is estimated to be 74.8 persons
per sq km.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Livestock keeping.
Animals;
Cattle, goats, sheep and
poultry.
Fishing
Agriculture crop
cultivation:
Crops: Coffee, bananas,
maize, legumes, paddy,
finger millet, peas.
Livestock keeping:
Animals. Cattle, goats,
pigs, sheep and poultry.
(e) Climate
The District is one of the semi-arid areas in Kilimanjaro region. It experiences 400 – 600 mm of rainfall
per annum in low lands and between 800 – 1,200 mm in the highlands. There are two distinct rain
seasons. These are the short rains (Vuli) from October to December and the long rains (Masika) from
March to June. The highlands enjoy both the short (Vuli) and long (Masika) rain seasons.
The District experiences some strong and dry winds blowing normally from the East to the West.
Temperatures range between an average of 14 C during June – July and 32 C usually during the month
of January.
The land area is covered by shrubs of Acacia type especially in both the Eastern and Western Lowlands.
Short grass with interspersed trees exists in the highlands.
Administrative Boundaries
(a) Divisions, Wards, Villages, Hamlets
Mwanga District is divided into 6 Divisions, 19 Rural Wards and 1 Mwanga Township Ward. The district
has a total of 70 Villages divided into 273 Sub - villages.
(b) Population Density
Population density as per year ,2002 Population and House Hold Census was 45 per sq. Km, with an
average annual growth rate of 1.2 % , by year 2011 the District population density is estimated to be
55.2 people per sq Km.
(c) Population by Division, Wards, Villages
According to the year 2002 Population and Housing Census, the District had 115,145 people, males were
55,327 and females were 59,818 and total households were 24,326. District Workforce was 57,807
People ,men were 27,776 and 30,031 women, those unable to work e.g. old people, crippled ones and
the like were 8,861 men 4,478 and 4,383 women . Average annual district population growth rate
between year 1988 and 2002 was 1.2 % as opposed to that of between year 1978 and 1988 which was
4.7%.
2
In year 2011 the district was estimated to have 141,295 people men 68,355 and 72,940 women. By the
end of year 2012 the district will have 142,990 inhabitant men 69,175 and 73,815 women. Estimated able
bodied people in year 2012 are 71,786 in year 2011 men 34,493 and 37,293 women.
Table 2: Population Estimation by Age Groups - MWANGA DISTRICT
Age Groups
0-4
Year 2011
Males
Females
8,771
8,723
Total
17,494
Males
8,876
Year 2012
Females
8,827
Total
17,703
5-9
8,334
8,072
16,406
8,434
8,169
16,603
10-14
9,021
8,678
17,699
9,129
8,782
17,911
15-19
10,652
9,733
20,385
10,780
9,850
20,630
20-24
7,605
7,755
15,360
7,696
7,848
15,544
25-29
4,497
5,145
9,642
4,551
5,207
9,758
30-34
3,168
4,406
7,574
3,206
4,459
7,665
35-39
2,970
3,885
6,855
3,006
3,931
6,937
40-44
2,791
3,483
6,274
2,824
3,525
6,349
45-49
2,153
2,846
4,999
2,179
2,880
5,059
50-54
1,864
2,503
4,367
1,886
2,533
4,419
55-59
1,527
2,130
3,657
1,545
2,156
3,701
60-64
1,466
1,801
3,267
1,483
1,823
3,306
65-69
1,009
1,185
2,194
1,021
1,199
2,220
70-74
1.049
1,129
2,178
1,062
1,142
2,204
75-79
673
614
1,287
681
621
1,302
80+
805
852
1,657
815
864
1,679
Total
68,355
72,940
141,295
69,175
73,815
142,990
(d) Distribution of District Population by Divisions and Wards Level - Year 2010 and 2011
Division
JIPE NDEA
Ward
Estimate
s 2011
Estimates
2012
1,843
3,871
2,370
3,547
1,865
3,917
2,398
3,590
1,086
1,099
12,717
12,869
9,595
9,710
Kileo, Kituri, Kifaru, Kivulini.
12,842
12,996
1 (Mji mdogo)
15,129
15,311
8
8
37,566
38,017
Kirya
Lembeni
3
4,697
4,753
13,307
13,467
11 Mgagao
Total Division
3
11
Kirya, Kiti cha Mungu, Njia Panda.
Lembeni, Kisangara, Kiruru/Ibweijewa,
Mbambua, Mangara.
Mgagao, Kiverenge, Pangaro.
11
5,571
23,575
5,638
23,858
1
2
3
4
5
MWANGA
Jipe
Kwakoa
Toloha
Kigonigoni
Kivisini
Total Division.
Lang’ata
6
7
Kileo
8
Mwanga
Total Division
LEMBENI
9
10
No. of
Villages
2
2
5
4
4
17
4
4
5
Village
Jipe, Kambi ya Simba.
Kwakoa. Ngulu/Mkogea
Gongoni, Kizungo,Karamba,Ndea, Simu.
Kigonigoni, Ruru,Kwakihindi, Butu
Kwanyange ‘’A’’, Kwanyange ‘’B’’.
Kivisini ‘’A’’, Kivisini ‘’B’’.
17
Handeni, Kagongo,
Lang’ata, Nyabinda
3
Division
USANGI
Ward
12
13
14
UGWENO
Kighare
Chomvu
Kirongwe
Total Division
Msangeni
15
16
17
Kifula
Mwaniko
Total Division
KINDOROKO
18
19
20
Ngujini
Kilomeni
Shighatini
Total Division
Total
No. of
Villages
4
4
4
12
4
4
Village
Kighare, Kilaweni,
Ndanda, Kirongaya.
Chomvu, Ndorwe,
Mbale, Mshewa.
Vuagha, Lomwe,
Kiriche, Mbore.
12
Msangeni, Mamba,
Mruma, Simbomu.
Kisanjuni, Masumbeni, Raa,
Rangaa
Estimate
s 2011
Estimates
2012
7,342
7,430
9,622
9,737
5,295
5,358
22,259
22,525
8,245
8,344
9,500
9,614
4
Mwaniko, Vuchama Ngofi, Mangio,Mriti.
9,162
9,272
12
12
26,907
27,230
3,690
3,735
5,204
5,266
9,377
9,490
18,271
141,295
18,490
142,990
3
2
5
10
70
Ngujini, Chanjale,
Songoa
Sofe. Kilomeni.
Shighatini, Mfinga,
Vuchama/Ndanbwe,Lambo, Mkuu.
10
70
Disabled people are 1.9% of the total population.
(f) Age Dependency Ratio.
Dependency ratio is defined as the ratio of youths less than 15 years of age plus persons aged 65 and
above to adults ages 15 – 64 years. In Mwanga District the overall dependency ratio is 72. This means
that there were 100 people in age 15 – 64 to support 72 People in age group 0 – 14 and 65 years and
above.
(g) Ethinicity.
Mwanga district before year 1979 was part of Pare district which was established in year 1928. Pare
district had mainly two (2) main tribes , the Pare (Wasu) who are mainly settled in Northen & Southern
Pare and speak Pare languange, and the Gweno who are mainly settled in part of Southern Pare (The
Highlands) and speak Kigweno language, a language which is associated with the Chagga tribe.
After dividing Pare district into Same and Mwanga districts in year ,1979 Mwanga district remained
with both Pare and Gweno tribes. Within the Pare tribe there are small clan groups known as Wasuya,
Wambaga, Wasofe, Wasangi, Wachonvu, Washana etc. but all speak same language. There are also a
small number of other tribes who migrated into Mwanga from other parts of Tanzania in such of work in
Sisal farms, after the farms were closed they remained to live in Mwanga this immigration was during the
Colonial period. Other immigrants came from different parts of Tanzania when Nyumba ya Mungu
Dam was constructed and opened in 1969 , they came specifically for fishing and settled along Nyumba
ya Mungu Dam Villages.
AGRICULTURE
The main economic activities performed by the Mwanga community are agriculture, livestock keeping
and fishing. Despite the fact that rainfall is unreliable, Coffee and Banana is grown in the highland area,
irrigation in the Eastern, Northern and Western lowlands is popular for Maize, Beans and Paddy
4
production., there is a special type of irrigation in the highlands popularly known as “Ndiva” (water
catchments across the rivers and valleys) in order to get water for irrigation.
(a) Cultivated Land
 Total arable land
44,300 Ha.

Area under crops cultivation

Area under cash crops production

Area under food crop production
16,499.6 Ha.

Area cultivated by hand hoes
14,215.2 Ha.

Area cultivated by Animal Power/Ploughs

Area cultivated by tractors

Potential area for irrigation farming
5,490
Ha.

Area under irrigation farming
1,950
Ha
18,953.6 Ha.
2,454
Ha.
3,790.7 Ha.
947.7 Ha.
(b) Major Crops
Food crops grown in the district include: maize, leguminous crops, paddy, bananas, fruits and vegetables.
Cash crops include: - coffee, and sisal.
Annual Agricultural Production
Annual production per crop for the past 5 Seasons was as shown in the table below.
Crop
Year (Metric Tones)
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
Maize
8,000
15,200
3,040
17,275
15,000
Paddy
660
200
1,260
1,918
3,600
Sweet
1,500
2,126
2,260
2,400
2,126
Potatoes
Vegetables
NA
11,500
15,450
28,600
29,650
Banana
15,200
15,750
13,200
12,160
15,200
Beans
200
4,000
490
2,750
4,060
Other
800
1,000
320
1,200
1,500
Legumes
Fruits
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Cassava
1,100
2,000
2,100
3,120
2,000
Coffee
82
63.4
60
58.9
63.4
Sisal
850
900
900
900
1,080
(c) Irrigation Farming
Mwanga District has 6 areas where irrigation farming is practiced. Areas for irrigation include; Kirya with
a potential area of 890 Ha and area under irrigation is 120 Ha. Only; Kivulini with a potential area of 900
Ha and area under irrigation is 410 Ha.; Kileo with a potential area of 600 Ha and area under irrigation is
380; Kituri with a potential area of 600 Ha and area under irrigation 250 Ha.; Butu with a potential area of
900 Ha and area under irrigation is 250 Ha, and Kigonigoni with a potential area of 1,600 Ha and area
under irrigation is 200 Ha. Problems facing irrigation schemes in the district is poor existing irrigation
infrastructures and do not cover the whole potential areas for irrigation.
(d) Tractors & Ploughs
Mwanga District has 27 big Tractors and 10 Power Tillers that are used for cultivating the Land for
agricultural farming. 21 of the big tractors are working and 6 need repair. All big tractors are privately
5
owned, and for the Power Tillers 3 are privately owned ,6 are owned by Farmers SACCOS and 1
owned by a Village Government ( Kirya )..
LIVESTOCK
Large herds of cattle, goats and sheep are kept in both Western and Eastern lowlands. The District
estimates that there are 51,010 cattle out of which 12,260 are improved breed. There are also 6,449 goats
out which 410 are improved bread. Sheep population is 22,240 and Poultry 98,726.
Common diseases of cattle include: - ECF, Anaplasmosis and Tryponosomiasis. Goats are attacked by
CCPP, pneumonia and foot rot. Sheep are attacked by pneumonia, foot rot and (Homa ya Mapafu).
Poultry suffer from new castle, Fowl typhoid and Fowl pox.
(a) Livestock Services
These include cattle dips whereby the District has 15 cattle dips and all of them are not working. Cattle
dips are, Mgagao, Kingondi, Ndea, Toloha, Kwakoa, Ngulu, Kigonigoni, Jipe, Kileo, Kifaru, Handeni,
Kisangiro, Lwami, Mkizingo and Kirya.
The are 10 livestock health centers and all of them are not working due to lack of facilities and poor
infrastructures, but have livestock Field Officers stationed at all livestock health centers who provide
livestock services when they are contacted by livestock keepers .Livestock Health Centers are, Mgagao,
Kirya, Usangi, Kikweni, Kwakoa, Mwanga, Jipe, Kifula, Lang’ata and Kiti cha Mungu.
(b) Annual Sales of Cattle/Livestock Products (January- December) 2011
No.
Type
Amount Sold
Average Price
Total Revenue
Tshs.
1
Cows
7,891
550,000
4,340,050,000
2
Goats
3,229
60,000
193,740,000
3
Sheep
3,228
40,000
129,120,000
Sub-Total
14,348
4,662,910,000
Livestock Products.
4
Eggs
36,000
250
9,000,000
5
Milk-(Liters)
11,988,000
800
9,590,400,000
6
Hides ( pieces)
3,600
5,000
18,000,000
Skins (pieces)7
1,200
1,000
1,200,000
Goat.
Skins (pieces)8
600
1,000
600,000
Sheep.
9
Chicken
30,000
7,000
210,000,000
Sub-Total
9,829,200,000
Livestock cess
16,800,000
10
Total
14,508,910,000
(c) Charco Dams
There 11 livestock Charco dams in the district namely, Kokoto/Kirya, Liveni/Mkizingo in Kisangara
village, Doya in Ngulu village, Mgagao, Karamba, Kauzeni in Mgagao village, Nadung’oro in Ndea
village, Mkababu in Mgagao village, Mashara in Mgagao village, Kiruru/Lwami , and Mbambua.
Natural Resources
(a) Forests.
Government Forest Reserves cover an area of 691.5 hectares, Local Government Forest reserves 191
hectares and Village Government Forest Reserve 6,924 Hectares.
6
Forests & Statistics Up To December, 2010 - Mwanga District
Name Of Forest
Mramba
Kirongwe
Kindoroko
Minja
Kamwala 1
Type
Place
Size-Ha.
Natural Kifaru; Kisangiro and M
Kwanyange
Natural Kiverenge; Ngullu; and
Sofe.
Natural Ngujini; Chanjale; Sofe;
Ndorwe; Chomvu and
Kilomeni.
Natural Vuchama Ngofi
Kamwala 11
Natural Vuchama Ndambwe;
Mfinga; Mkuu;
Shighatini ; Kighale; and
Kirongaya.
Natural Songoa and Ngujini.
Kileo
Natural Kileo
Mbachi
Natural Vuchama Ngofi
Mbochiro
Natural Kifaru and Kisangiro.
Status
885
Reserved
Forest.
Reserved
Forest.
Reserved
Forest.
520
Reserved
Forest.
3,355
1,758.4
119.25
292
191
97.4
588
Reserved
Forest.
Reserved
Forest.
Reserved
Forest.
Reserved
Forest.
Reserved
Forest.
Importance
Water Source
(Catchment Forest )
Water Source
(Catchment Forest
)
Water Source
(Catchment Forest )
Water Source
(Catchment Forest )
Water Source
(Catchment Forest )
Total
7,806.05
Source: District Lands, Natural Resources & Environment Department
Forestry Revenue average annual revenue in year 2011 was Tshs. 16,453,405 of which Tshs. 15,024,505
fines of illegal forest products businness, Tshs 1,110,000 from taxes of 5,700 pcs of timber, and
Tshs.318,900 as Wildlife revenue.
(b)Fishing
Main finishing activity is carried out at Nyumba ya Mungu dam where about 476,480 Kgs. of fish were
caught in year 2011 with a value of Tshs.1,511,330,299. Currently there are 694 fishermen with-600
fishing canoes at Nyumba ya Mungu Dam (Mwanga District side only). Fishing at Lake Jipe has almost
stopped due to its shores being covered by water reeds and other plants.
(c) Beekeeping
Beekeeping is not largely practiced and therefore reliable data is not readily available. However,
estimates show that there are 2,600 traditional beehives and 64 modern beehives that produced 3,300
Kgs. of honey with a value of Tshs. 16,000,000 . Wax (Nta) is not produced because Bee Keepers do not
have working gears for producing the product, they sell raw honey directly to buyers .The district’s
strategy is to provide sustainable bee keeping knowledge, provide modern bee hives, and modern working
gears to bee keepers in order to produce both Honey and Wax (Nta) currently there are only 64 modern
and about 2,600 traditional Bee hives in Mwanga District.
(d) Game Reserves and Wildlife
Mwanga District has 445 Sq. Kms of Game Reserve area which is in Toloha ,Ndea and Mgagao Villages ,
the reserve boarders Mkomazi National Park and Tsavo West National Park in Kenya. Available fauna
7
include Elephants, Giraffe, Lions, Buffalos, Dic dic and different types of Birds. There different species
of Accasia trees (Mijohoro). Hunting period is between June and March.
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
(a) Roads
The District is lucky to have 50 kms paved trunk road from Dar -es -Salaam which passes through the
district headquarter and other big Trading centers of Kisangara and Kifaru. 294 Kms gravel roads and 434
Kms. of earth roads; 167 Kms are maintained by TANROADS and the District Council and the
Communities maintains 611 Kms.
(b) Railways
There is a 56 Kms. Railway line passing through the District from Dar es Salaam and Tanga to Moshi,
Arusha and Mombasa in Kenya.
(c) Airports /Air Strips
There is no Air Transport in Mwanga District.
(d) Transport System.
The transportation of passengers and goods within the district and outside the district is mainly by roads.
There are many Buses and Mini- Buses that carry passengers within Mwanga and outside Mwanga.
Transportation of goods is done by using Lorries of different carrying capacities.
Telecommunication
There are five mobile phone service providers Vodacom, Tigo, Zain, Zantel and TTCL with 405 fixed
Land line phones, three radio call stations and four Postal services are found in Mwanga
Trade



Number of Shops
Number of Butchers
Number of Hotels







Number of Restaurants
Number of Bars
Number of Guest Houses
Number of Garages
Number of Groceries
Number of Kiosks
Petrol Stations
1,523
41
3 (Kindoroko Mountain Lodge at Kisangara Village,
Anjella in Mwanga Township and Mhako at
Kiriche Village/Isangi Division)
14
55
16
2
18
45
5 (Mwanga Township 2, Kifaru 1, Kisangara 1 and
Mgagao 1)
INDUSTRIES
(a) Big Industries
Mwanga District has no big industries, but there is one still under construction at Kifaru Village which
will produce spirit products (Ethanol) when completed- KILIMANJARO - BIOCHEM. The raw materials
for the proposed industry will be mollases (130 tons per day) and sugar cane. At the beginning it will
employ 50 workers, but will later employ about 300 workers at full production capacity.
8
(b) Medium Industries.
The district has only one Sisal processing industry at Lembeni Village which produces an average of 7090 Tons of Sisal product ( Sisal threads ) per month and employs between 50-100 workers depending on
the amount of Sisal cut from the Company farms at different production seasons .
(c) Micro Level (Small Scale) Industries
Mwanga district has a total of 73 Milling machines, and 20 various micro level industries which employs
about 3,000 people.
(d) Mining
Mining Industries/ Types of Minerals and Location
Although a lot of studies have been carried out by Kilimanjaro Industrial Development Centre (KIDC) on
gypsum, clay and copper, this sector has not yet been developed. The studies that were carried out by
KIDC with the assistance of the Japanese Government in the second half of the 1980s show that there is
commercially exploitable gypsum, copper and clay deposits in the district. Gypsum is found around
Nyumba ya Mungu Dam and clay/limestone is found at Lambo, copper is found in the Eastern Pare
Mountains near Mwanga Township at Kiruru and Lembeni villages. Currently there is one Copper Mining
Medium Scale Industry under construction, a Joint Chinese and Local Entrepreneurs industry. The level
of production will be known when commercial production starts.
EDUCATION
(b) Enrolment
Enrolment in Primary Schools by Gender and Sex year 2011
(a) Primary Education
Mwanga District has 88 Pre-Primary Schools out of which the Government owns 85 and 3 by owned by
the Private Sector (English Medium Schools.). Total enrolled pupils in year 2011 were 3,162, boys 1,644
and girls 1,518.
(b) Enrolment
Enrolment in Primary Schools by Gender and Sex year 2011
There were a total of 28,446 pupils enrolled in Primary Schools in the Mwanga District in year 2011, of
whom 14,423 were boys and 14,023 were girls. Out of the total enrolled pupils 410 had different
disabilities.
Pupils enrolled in Primary School in year 2011 who live in vulnerable environments are 61 boys 29 and
32 girls. Out of the 61 vulnerable pupils with long period diseases (over 3 months) are 25 boys 13 and 12
girls. All vulnerable pupils have no support from any source their living depend on their own efforts.
(c) Secondary Education
There are 41 Secondary Schools, of which 25 are owned by the Government and 16 are private schools.
Enrollment
Enrollment in Secondary Schools in year 2011 in Form 1 – IV was 11,090, boys 5,767 and girls 5,323
Students in Form V –VI were 1,174.
(d) VETA
There are 7 registered Technical Schools of which 3 government owned Usangi, Kifula, and Kisangara
Juu, 4 privately owned KIWAMWAKU, MAMIJOA and Malaghe, and Kisangara FDC.
9
HEALTH
Health
Government Health Facilities: The District has 37 dispensaries 5 Health Centers, and 1 Hospital.
(a) Distribution of Health Facilities
Government Dispensaries are 37.
Vuagha, Ndorwe, Kirongaya, Ndanda, Kikweni, Mruma, Mriti, Sungo, Vuchama Ngofi, Mfinga,
Vuchama Ndambwe, Ngujini, Kilomeni Sofe, Mgagao, Pangaro, Kirya, Chomvu, Ibaya, Kiti cha Mungu,
Lang’ata Bora, Nyabinda, Handeni, Kileo, Kifaru, Kivisini, Kambi ya Simba, Jipe, Butu, Songoa,
Kwakoa, Toloha, Karamba, Lambo, Mangio, Mbore, Kiruru, and Raa,
Government Rural Health Centers 5: Kifula, Mwanga, Kigonigoni, Kagongo and Kisangara.
Hospital: There is one District Government Hospital at Usangi with 150 beds.
( b) Voluntary Health Service Facilities 6 :There are 6 Dispensaries with 16 beds, These include
Neema R.C., Lembeni R.C., Kilomeni R.C., Ngujini R.C. Shighatini K.K.K.T. and Usangi Secondary.
Other Health Services: There are 257 Traditional Birth attendants (TBAS), 84 Traditional Healers, and
49 Village Health workers.
(c)Top ten diseases include:
 Malaria ,Diarrhea, Pneumonia, Eye diseases, Intestinal worms, Skin diseases
ARI, Cardiovascular, Ear diseases and HIV/AIDS/TB
WATER
Availability of clean and safe water in the District is still a problem. Only 56% of the population in rural
areas is supplied with clean water and 40 % in –Mwanga Township. Water Supply Schemes and other
water sources in the district include;
 Shallow wells with hands pumps 56
 Deep wells with hand pump are 4 and electrical pumps are 6, total 10.
 Gravity schemes 19.
There are also 22 water funds with Tshs. 3,245,600/=, Water Committees are only 26. This indicates that
more community sensitization on the importance of having water committees is needed.
COOPERATIVES
The District has a total of 15 Primary Cooperatives Societies. There also 21 SACCOS, 3 SACCAS and
one Cooperative Union and Mwanga Community Bank.
Donor Supported Projects
The World Bank which is supporting
construction of development projects through the Central
Government-Rural Water Supply and Sanitation and Secondary Schools Development Program; BADEA
which is supporting construction of Bore Holes in order to improve water supply services in the district
(Rural Water Supply ). Africa Development Bank (ADB) which supports construction of rural roads.
NGOs /CBOs /FBOs
Sn Name
1
2
3
Type
Functions
KIFUMWA( KIKOSI CHA KUFUFUA UCHUMI
WA WANANCHI)
Centre for Informal Sector Promotion (CISP)
CBO
Social- economic revival programs.
NGO
TALANTA Youth Club
CBO
Adults and Youth capacity building in
entrepreneurship skills.
Capacity building for Youth in
entrepreneurship skills
10
Sn
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Name
Type
KIWAMWAKU (UKIMWI)
BAKWATA AIDS PROJECT
KIWAKKUKI (UKIMWI)
VISION INTELIGENCE POST(VIPO)
KEYAC (KILIMANJARO ENVIRONMENTAL
YOUTH & HIV/AIDS CARE)
CHAWAKUU( CHAMA CHA WANAWAKE CHA
KUSAIDIANA NA KUJENGEANA UWEZO)
CBO
NGO
FBO
CBO
NGO
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
Training in Life serving skills.
HIV/AIDS and environment issues.
CBO
Training
in
entrepreneurship
and
provision of loans to Women both
individuals and groups.
. KKKT –PD WOMEN AND CHILDREN
DEVELOPMENT (KIWW)
VIZIWI TUTASHIRIKI NA WENGINE (VITUWE)
HOPE TRUST FOR MARGINALIZED (HOTMA)
.KIKOMBOMWA
. MWANGA YOUTH INFORMATION CENTRE
(MYIC)
MLEMBA BEE KEEPING
ASSOCIATION
FOR
WOMEN
SOCIOECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
IN EDUCATION AND SKILLS TRAINING
(AWEST)
UNION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
(UPWD)
KILEO FARMER GROUP (KF)
FBO
Parents and Chile relationship.
CBO
CBO
CBO
CBO
Issues for disabled people
Life saving skills.
Youth issues.
Youth life saving skills.
CBO
CBO
Bee keeping.
Education and life saving skills for
women.
NGO
Issues for disabled
CBO
Cultivation of
Beans/Legumes.
NGO-
Livestock keepers’ issues.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Functions
.Pastoralists Development and Education Trust (
PADET)
Self Reliant Participation Improvement and
Development Reform( SPIDER)
GOOD SAMARITAN TRUST (GST)
KITUMAKI ( Training Services)
Mgagao
-NGO
CBOLemben
i-NGO.KITUMASAKI
Kisanga
raNGOKIKUNDI CHA KUPAMBANA NA UKIMWI
NGO
NYUMBA YA MUNGU (KIKUKANYU)
MIFIPRO TRUST FUND
NGOKigonin
i
YEFUKA FARM
NGOButu
HIMAUPWA-Mazingira
NGOMwanik
o
KIFULA JENGA UWEZO WA VIJANA KIJAMII- CBO
KIUCHUMI (KUVIKIKI)
MWANGA WOMEN AND YOUTH GENDER NGO
EDUCATORS (MWAYOGE)
Malezi Society (MASO).
CBO-
11
Paddy,
Maize
and
Cross Cutting Issues..
Support education for vulnerable group..
Technical training for youth in order to
have self employment.
Technical training for youth in order to
have self employment.
HIV/AIDS.
Development Projects activities.
Cultural Tourism and Environmental
issues.
Environmental protection
Social and Economic Empowerment to
Youth.
Gender Education
Support
of Orphans.
Sn
31
32
Name
Type
Functions
Usangi
Usangi.
-NGO
NGOUsangi
PAYEPA ENVIRONMENTAL CARE
TFAP
Support of Orphans.
Support of Orphans.
Other Bodies Supporting Social Development
Other bodies supporting social development include:- The Municipality of Arvidsjaur- Sweden through
Partnership Projects i.e. investing in alternative sources of energy ( Bio-energy), tree planting ( Keeping
Mwanga Green ) ; JAICA- Development of Irrigation Schemes Infrastructures . and various donors who
support the district through the Central Government under National Budget Support Systems.
LANDS
(a) Surveyed and Developed Plots and Farms in Mwanga District
 Plots
Area
Surveyed Plots
Mwanga Township
1,687
Kifaru Trading Centre
236
Kirya Village
445
Highlands
NIL
Secondary Schools
Demarcation only 20
Primary Schools
3
Hospitals
NIL
Rural Health Centres
2 (Kifula &Mwanga R.H.Cs.)
Dispensaries
NIL
(b) Farms
Type Of Ownership
1. Council
2. Public Institutions
3. Private Institutions
4. Individuals
Area
Kifaru/Kituri
Various
Developed
1,265
212
NIL
23
110
1
5
40
Surveyed (No.)
739
NIL
NIL
63
(c) Land Use Pattern.









For Agriculture
Livestock keeping
Forest
Reserved Forests
Game Reserves
Water
Residencial
Other land
Total
Ha.
Ha.
Ha.
Ha.
Ha.
Ha.
Ha.
Ha.
Ha.
44,300
118,115
8,470
7,806
44,500
8,240
11,900
29,090
264,100
Electricity
The district is connected to the National Electricity Grid. According to year 2002 Population and House
Hold Census 23 % of Mwanga district households had electricity which was above the national coverage
of 10% of all house holds that had electricity from the National Grid and 2% from other sources, but by
12
year 2010, about 27.2 % of all 29,850 estimared households in the district is using electricity as their
major source of house lighting. There is a new line under construction
Banking
The district has two Banks that operate from the District headquarters. These are the National Micro
Finance Bank (NMB) and the Mwanga Community Bank (MCB).
CROSS CUTTING ISSUES
(a) HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS is a pandemic disease and the prevalence in Mwanga District in year 2010 was 1.27 %. The
District has some efforts of reducing the prevalence rate to 1.2 % by June, 2012 by providing HIV/AIDS
education through public sensitizations in 20 Wards, HIV testing, training of Home Based Service
Providers, providing education to Women in Child bearing age on ways to prevent Child to Mother
transmission of HIV in 42 Centres out of existing 46 Centres, and creating HIV/AIDS awareness in
Schools.
(i) HIV/AIDS Testing for Pregnant Women Year, 2010
From January - December, 2010 pregnant women who attended Clinics were 3,267 those who were
counseled and tested were 3,124 (96 %) and 102 were found HIV positive (3.3%). 1,041 (33%) of
pregnant women partners (men) were counseled and attended Clinics and were tested on HIV. During
that period 83 children were born alive by HIV positive pregnant women and 4 were found to be
HIV positive ( 4.8% ).
(ii) HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE.
From January-December, 2010 Mwanga Community was sensitized for HIV testing, 8,472 ( 4,373
Women and 4,099 Men ) made voluntary testing and 108 were HIV positive ( 1.27 % ) and most of
them were aged between 15- 50 years old.
YEAR
HIV/AIDS
PREVALENCE
RATE (%)
REMARKS
2007
4
2008
2.8
2009
1.3
2010
1.27
Low level of Community acceptence on use of various measures
for prevention of new HIV/AIDS transimisions.
Increased Community knowledge on prevention of new HIV/AIDS
transimisions through TV and Radio advertisements, public
sensitizations and provision of free Condoms in Guest Houses.
Increased Community knowledge on prevention of new HIV/AIDS
transmissions through TV and
Radio advertisements, public
sensitizations and provision of free Condoms in Guest Houses
Increased Community knowledge on prevention of new HIV/AIDS
transmissions through TV and
Radio advertisements, public
sensitizations and provision of free Condoms in Guest Houses
HIV/AIDS prevalence rate is high Urban areas as compared to rural areas , In Mwanga Township
prevalence rate was 2.7 % while in rural areas like Pangaro and Toloha Villages the prevalence is
about 1 %. This because there is minimal in movement of foreigners who spend days in rural areas
than in urban areas where the in movement of foreigners is high. Also people in urban areas have more
in and out movements than people living in rural areas.
13
(iii) People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA)
By year 2010 there were 1,536 People living with HIV/AIDS in the district of whom adults are 360 males
and 978 women, total adults are 1,338. Children are 198 living with HIV/AIDS, boys are 90 and girls are
108. There 5 Counseling Centers, Home Based Services are provided to PLHA.
(iv) Measures taken to support PLHA
PHLA are provided with: Food staffs are 150 (9.8%)
 Fare to attend clinics are 120 (7.8 %)
 Capital to start small business, 16 PLHA groups, each group Tshs. 200,000/=.
 Home Based Care and Counselling.
 ARV drugs are 831 (54%)
(b) Gender Issues
Mwanga District has been insisting on Gender balance in economic, social and political aspects. The
district has been sensitizing the Community in aspects of equality in Political representation of both
women and men in decision making bodies at all levels of representation. It has also been insisting on
equal provision and accessibility in all economic and social services and Government administration
systems for both women and men regardless of their sex, age and physical appearances.
(i) Polical representation and Government administration levels the district
statistics in year, 2010.
Position
Women
%
Men
District Commissioner
0
0
1
Council Chairperson
1
100
0
District Executive Director
0
0
1
District Administrative Secretary
1
100
0
Councillors
7
26.9
19
Village Governments Members
500
33.3
1,000
Village Government Chairpersons
2
3.3
58
Head of Departments at District Level
3
27.3
8
Division Secretaries
0
0
2
Head of District Level Sections/Units.
3
37.5
5
Ward Executive Officers
2
13.3
13
Village Executive Officers
16
29.6
38
i/c Hospitals
1
100
0
i/c Health Centres.
0
0
5
Head of Secondary Schools.
6
24
19
Head of Primary Schools.
33
30.1
76
TOTAL
575
31.6
1,245
had the following
%
100
0
100
0
73.1
66.7
96.7
72.7
100
62.5
86.7
70.4
0
100
76
69.9
68.4
Total
1
1
1
1
26
1,500
60
11
2
8
15
54
1
5
25
109
1,820
(ii) Participation in Family Economic Activities
In Mwanga district all people who are of the working age participate in many economic activities
without regard of their sex , they all participate in farm activities, petty business, zero grazing of cattle
especially in the Highlands. In the Lowlands where the Maasai have big herds of cows
rearing is
mainly done by men. Fishing in Nyumba ya Mungu Dam and Lake Jipe is done by men; women only
participate in fish business activities.
14
(iii) Family Property Ownership and Decision Making.
Family property or wealth is mainly under control of the head of the family, where the head is a men
family property is under his control. Women can give advice on use of family property/wealth but the
final decision is under the head of the family, and that is African Culture for many years.
(iv) Social Groups Participation
All adult people are allowed participate in Social Groups depending on the nature anf objectives of the
Group. However there are Social Groups whose all members are women and others whose members
are all men, and there other Groups who have members of mixed sexes.
(v) Accessibility to Education.
Both sexes have equal chances on enrollment in formal education. The following data shows enrolment
in STD I in year, 2004 and completion rates of Primary education in year 2010 for both sexes. The tables
also shows enrolment in Secondary Schools for both sexes for the past 5 years.
STD I ENROLLMENT IN YEAR , 2005
GIRLS
%
TOTAL
%
BOYS
2,396
51.87
2,223
48.13
4,619
COMPLETION RATE , STD VII IN YEAR ,2011
BOYS
%
GIRLS
%
TOTAL
1,985
82.85
1,929
86.77
3,914
Average completion rate in year 2011 was 84.74 %.
DISABLED PUPILS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS YEAR, 2011
TYPE OF DISABILITY
BOYS
GIRLS
Albino
1
1
Dump/Visually Impaired
84
77
Dump/ Hearing impaired
6
6
Dump
1
1
Physically Handicaped
31
21
Mentally
Handicaped
68
43
Otizim
10
6
Multiple
Handcaped
20
18
Other Disability
9
7
Total
230
180
TOTAL
0
161
12
2
52
111
16
38
16
410
Literacy Rates
As per year , 2002 Population and Household Census results Mwanga district literacy rate was 86 %
for men and 83 % for men and Net Enrolment was 90% for men and 91% for women. Such results will
also be known after the expected year, 2012 Population and Household Census results.
(C) ENVIRONMENT.
Originally Mwanga district had very good environment in terms of Forests, ever green land with
favourable rains for crop production and enough water for both human and livestock consumption.
Mwanga District, like many other Districts in the Region, is facing a threat of loosing its natural beauty
due to increasing activities of illegal Forest products business thus destroying natural Forests which are
the main catalysts of good rainfall and protectors of natural underground water sources.
The District has enacted By- Laws at District Level and at Village Levels that will protect the
environment. Apart from enacting By- Laws , the district from year, 2011 will start a special project of
‘’Keep Mwanga Green and Clean’ by planting trees in Schools, Village Governments tree farms, and at
house hold level, the target is to plant and manage growth of 500,000 new trees every year. The
15
outcome of the project is expected to be, change of weather thus attracting more rains and reducing soil
erosions and hence restoring good environment an sustaining it.
Currently the district has no special measures in place for management of both solid and liquid
waste, this is because of lack of knowledge and funds for construction of the structures required for
management of solid and liquid waste. But in Mwanga district 93% of all Households have
permanent Traditional pit latrines as main type of toilet facility , 4.36 % have modern type of latrines
and 2.64 % have no toilet facility. The District through Village Government leaders is insisting on all
households without latrine facility to have had them.
(c) Poverty Levels and Trends
POVERTY
EMPLOYMENT
% of Households without Land
% of children 13 or less who are orphaned
% of Households owning a tractor
% of Households owning an Ox- plough
% of Households owning a radio
% of Households owning a bicycle
% of Households with iron sheet roofs or better
Daily mannual wage level Tshs.
Number of chidren, < 13 per Household.
Average Per Capita Income -Year, 2006 Tshs.
Average Per Capita Income -Year, 2009 Tshs.
U 5 MR
IMMR
MMR
Agriculture (%)
5
1
0.17
0.94
73.35
23.11
85
3,000
1.9
664,304
810,871
1/1,000
5/1,000
38/100,000
58
Business Operations (%)
18
Elementary Occupations (%)
10
Office Work (%)
6
Fishing (%)
3
16
(d) Opportunities and Obstacles to Development for Pro-poor Sectors
Sector
Opportunities
Obstacles
Plenty of unutilized arable land for irrigation farming.
Lack of enough fund for construction of new irrigation
Agriculture
infrastructures and maintenance of existing infrastructures.
Low rate of private sector to be involved in agricultural
input investment
Change of economic policies and leadership in foreign donor countries.
Presence of Agricultural Development Partners
Presence of internal and external market for agricultural Drought and climatic variations.
products/produce.
Floods.
Existence of Good National Policies, Strategies and Environment Changes in National Political Leadership.
for Private Investments in Agricultural & Livestck Sectors.
Availability of a good number of qualified Agricultural Extension Deaths, transfers and retirements.
Staff and Officers for provision of extension services.
Availability of Government grants for Agricultural development.
Limitation of budget ceiling.
Availability
of
enough
land
for
livestock
keeping.
Livestock
Drought.
Availability of a good number of qualified Livestock Extension Deaths, transfers and retirements.
Staff and Officers for provision of extension services.
Availability of good number of Livestock.
Livestock pandemics.
Increase in prices of livestock drugs and accaricides.
Low rate of private sector to be involved in animal health
input investment.
Availability of Forests.
Increase in illegal Forests products business.
Land
Drought
Fire outbreaks.
Low vegetaion cover.
Availability of enough Teachers.
Deaths, transfers and retirements.
Education
Availability of Primary Schools in each Village and Secondary Lack/shortage of learning and teaching materials.
Schools in each Ward.
Limitation of budget ceiling for school maintenance.
Weak economic base of the community.
Availability of enough School aged Children.
Reduced fertilty rate due to change of way of living.
Availability of Government grants for Education development.
Limitation of budget ceiling
Change of economic policies and leadership in foreign donor
Availability of Foreign donors for Education development.
countries.
Roads/Trans Availability of road network connecting to all Wards and Villages Floods.
within the district and other parts of Tanzania.
port
Availability of Railway transport network in the district.
Increase in number of quick road transport facilities.
17
Health
Water
Good
Governance
Availability of funds for roads maintenance.
Limitation of budget ceiling.
Availability of Private Civil Works & Building Contractors within High prices of road maintenance equipment.
the district and Kilimanjaro region.
Even distribution of Health facilities within the district.
Lack of funds for maintenance.
Limitation of budget ceiling.
Willingness of Community to participate in Health Sector Weak economic base of the community.
Development activities.
Availability of qualified Health Sector Staff for quality provision Deaths, transfers and retirements.
of health services in public health facilities.
Availability of Private investments in health service delivery.
High investment costs of health services delivery.
Availability of Government grants for Health Sector Limitation of budget ceiling.
development.
Availability of Foreign donors for Health Sector development.
Change of economic policies and leadership in foreign
donor countries
Willingness of Community to participate in Water Sector Weak economic base of the community
Development activities.
Availability of qualified Staff for maintenance of Water Supply Deaths, transfers and retirements.
infrastructure within the district
Availability of Government grants for Water Sector development. Limitation of budget ceiling
Availability of Foreign donors for Water Sector development.
Change of economic policies and leadership in foreign
donor countries
Availability of underground water sources.
High investment costs in drilling and construction of Water
Distribution Systems.
Availability of Nyumba ya Mungu Dam and Lake Jipe for fishing Increase in rate of illegal fishing practices.
activities, human, livestock use and generation of electricity.
Drought.
Peace and Political Stability.
Global Political Instability.
Global terrorism.
Presence of committed leaders ( Government & Politicians)
Interference in execution of powers.
Political willingness and support.
Changes in National Political Leadership.
Adequate representation at decision making levels through
Change of National, District, Ward and Village Political
Councillors and Village Governments representatives.
Leaders.
Availability of Primary Courts and District Court within the district Conflicting and overlapping laws and regulations.
for enforcement of Laws.
Presence of conflicting laws.
Existence of District Level Disaster Management Team.
Limitation of budget ceilings.
Willingness of Government to introduce the D by D System at all Weak economic base of the community.
levels of administration.
High illiteracy among the population.
18
19