Assimilation Model References
(If you know of something that should be added, please let me know: <stileswb@muohio.edu>)
June 10, 2008
Barkham, M., Stiles, W. B., Hardy, G. E., & Field, S. D. (1996). The assimilation model:
Theory, research and practice guidelines. In W. Dryden (Ed.), Research in
counselling and psychotherapy: Practical applications (pp. 1-24). London: Sage.
Brinegar, M. G., Salvi, L. M., Stiles, W. B., & Greenberg, L. S. (2006). Building a
meaning bridge: Therapeutic progress from problem formulation to
understanding. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 165-180.
Brinegar, M. G., Salvi, L. M., Stiles, W. B., & Greenberg, L. S. (in press). The case of
Lisa and the assimilation model: The interrelatedness of problematic voices.
Psychotherapy Research.
Caro Gabalda, I. (2003). La resolución de experiencias problemáticas en la terapia
lingüística de evaluación según el modelo de asimilación (I). [The resolution of
problematic experiences in linguistic therapy of evaluation according the
assimilation model (I)]. Boletín de Psicología, 79, 31–57.
Caro Gabalda, I. (2005). A micro-analysis of the assimilation process in the Linguistic
Therapy of Evaluation. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 18, 133-148.
Caro Gabalda, I. (2005). Introduction to the special symposium issue on the Assimilation
of Problematic Experiences Scale: Expanding possibilities. Counselling
Psychology Quarterly, 18, 79-48.
Caro Gabalda, I. (2006). The assimilation of problematic experiences in the linguistic
therapy of evaluation: How did María assimilate the experience of dizziness?
Psychotherapy Research, 16, 422-435.
Caro Gabalda, I. (2006). The assimilation of problematic experiences model in the
context of a therapeutic failure. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 436-452.
Caro Gabalda, I. (2007). La asimilación de experiencias problemáticas en la terapia
ling¨uística de evaluación. ¿Cómo asimiló María su incapacidad para hacer cosas?
[The assimilation of problematic experiences in linguistic therapy of evaluation.
How did María assimilate her inability to do things?]. Boletín de Psicología, 89,
47–73.
Caro Gabalda, I. (2008). Assimilation of problematic experiences in Linguistic Therapy
of Evaluation: A case study. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 21, 151–172.
Cheston, R., Jones, K., & Gilliard, J. (2004). ‘Falling into a hole’: Narrative and
emotional change in a psychotherapy group for people with dementia. Dementia,
3, 95-109.
Cooper, M., Mearns, D., Stiles, W. B., Warner, M. & Elliott, R. (2004). Developing selfpluralistic perspectives within the person-centered and experiential approaches: A
round table dialogue. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3, 176191.
Day, A., Bryan, J., Davey, L., & Casey, S. (2006). Processes of change in offender
rehabilitation. Psychology, Crime and Law, 12, 473-489.
Detert, N. B., Llewelyn, S. P., Hardy, G. E., Barkham, M., & Stiles, W. B. (2006).
Assimilation in good- and poor-outcome cases of very brief psychotherapy for
mild depression: An initial comparison. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 393-407.
Dimaggio, G., & Stiles, W. B. (2007). Psychotherapy in light of internal multiplicity.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 119-127.
Field, S. D. (1992). Manual of the assimilation scale. SAPU Memo 1347, MRC/ESRC
Social and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of
Sheffield.
Field, S. D., Barkham, M., Shapiro, D. A., & Stiles, W. B. (1994). Assessment of
assimilation in psychotherapy: A quantitative case study of problematic
experiences with a significant other. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 397406.
Goldsmith, J. Z., Mosher, J. K., Stiles, W. B., & Greenberg, L. S. (in press). Speaking
with the client's voices: How a person-centered therapist used reflections to
facilitate assimilation. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies.
Goodridge, D., & Hardy, G. E. (submitted). Patterns of change in psychotherapy: An
investigation of sudden gains in cognitive-behavioral therapy using the
assimilation model. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Grande, T., Rudolf, G., Oberbracht, C., & Jakobsen, T. (2001). Therapeutic changes
beyond the symptoms: Effects of inpatient treatment in the view of the Heidelberg
Structural Change Scale. Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und
Psychotherapie, 47, 213-233.
Grande, T., Rudolf, G., Oberbracht, C., & Pauli-Magnus, C. (2003). Progressive changes
in patients' lives after psychotherapy: Which treatment effects support them?
Psychotherapy Research, 13, 43-58.
Hardy, G. E., Shapiro, D. A., Stiles, W. B., & Barkham, M. (1998). When and why does
cognitive-behavioural treatment appear more effective than psychodynamicinterpersonal treatment? Discussion of the findings from the Second Sheffield
Psychotherapy Project. Journal of Mental Health, 7, 179-190.
Hardy, G. E., Mackay, H., & Stiles, W. B. (in press). The individual in psychodynamicinterpersonal therapy research. In G. E. Hardy, M. Barkham, D. A. Shapiro, E.
Guthrie, & F. Margison (Eds), Psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy.
Heaton, K. J., Hill, C. E., Hess, S. A., Leotta, C., & Hoffman, M. A. (1998).
Assimilation in therapy involving interpretation of recurrent and nonrecurrent
dreams. Psychotherapy, 35, 147-162.
Henry, H. M., Stiles, W. B., & Biran, M. W. (2005). Loss and mourning in immigration:
Using the assimilation model to assess continuing bonds with native culture.
Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 18, 109-119.
Henry, H. M., Stiles, W. B., Biran, M. W., Mosher, J. K., Brinegar, M. G., & Banerjee, P.
(in press). Immigrants' continuing bonds with their native culture: Assimilation
analysis of three interviews. Transcultural Psychiatry.
Honos-Webb, L., Endres, L. M., Shaikh, A., Harrick, E. A., Lani, J. A., KnoblochFedders, L. M., Surko, M., & Stiles, W. B. (2002). Rewards and risks of exploring
negative emotion: An assimilation model account. In S. R. Fussell (Ed.), The
verbal communication of emotions: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 231-251).
Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Honos-Webb, L., Harrick, E. A., Stiles, W. B., & Park, C. L. (2000). Assimilation of
traumatic experiences and physical health outcomes: Cautions for the Pennebaker
paradigm. Psychotherapy, 37, 307-314.
Honos-Webb, L., Lani, J. A., & Stiles, W. B. (1999). Discovering markers of assimilation
stages: The fear of losing control marker. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55,
1441-1452.
Honos-Webb, L., & Stiles, W. B. (1998). Reformulation of assimilation analysis in terms
of voices. Psychotherapy, 35, 23-33
Honos-Webb. L., & Stiles, W. B. (2002). Assimilative integration and responsive use of
the assimilation model. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12, 406-420.
Honos-Webb, L., Stiles, W. B., & Greenberg, L. S. (2003). A method of rating
assimilation in psychotherapy based on markers of change. Journal of Counseling
Psychology, 50, 189-198.
Honos-Webb, L., Stiles, W. B., Greenberg, L. S., & Goldman, R. (1998). Assimilation
analysis of process-experiential psychotherapy: A comparison of two cases.
Psychotherapy Research, 8, 264-286.
Honos-Webb, L., Stiles, W. B., Greenberg, L. S., & Goldman, R. (2006). An assimilation
analysis of psychotherapy: Responsibility for “being there.” In C. T. Fischer (Ed.),
Qualitative research methods for psychologists: Introduction through empirical
studies (pp. 3-21). New York: Academic press.
Honos-Webb, L., Surko, M., & Stiles, W. B. (1998). Manual for rating assimilation in
psychotherapy: February 1998 version. Unpublished manuscript. Department of
Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
Honos-Webb, L., Surko, M., Stiles, W. B., & Greenberg, L. S. (1999). Assimilation of
voices in psychotherapy: The case of Jan. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46,
448-460.
Humphreys, C. L., Rubin, J. S., Knudson, R. M., & Stiles. W. B. (2005). The assimilation
of anger in a case of dissociative identity disorder. Counselling Psychology
Quarterly, 18, 121-132.
Knobloch, L. M. Endres, L. M., Stiles, W. B., & Silberschatz, G. (2001). Convergence
and divergence of themes in successful psychotherapy: An assimilation analysis.
Psychotherapy, 38, 31-39.
Laitila, A., & Aaltonen, J. (1998). Application of the assimilation model in the context of
family therapy: A case study. Contemporary Family Therapy, 20, 277-290.
Lani, J. A., Glick, M. J., Osatuke, K., Brandenburg, C., Gray, M. A., Humphreys, C. L.,
Reynolds, D., & Stiles, W. B. (2002). Markers of assimilation manual.
Unpublished manuscript. Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford,
Ohio.
Leiman, M., & Stiles, W. B. (2001). Dialogical sequence analysis and the zone of
proximal development as conceptual enhancements to the assimilation model: The
case of Jan revisited. Psychotherapy Research, 11, 311-330.
Mosher, J. K., Goldsmith, J. Z., Stiles, W. B., & Greenberg, L. S. (2008). Assimilation of
two critic voices in a person-centered therapy for depression. Person-Centered
and Experiential Psychotherapies, 7, 1-19.
Newman, D. W., & Beail, N. (2002). Monitoring change in psychotherapy with people
with intellectual disabilities: the application of the assimilation of problematic
experiences scale. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15, 4860.
Newman, D. W., & Beail, N. (2005). Analysis of assimilation during psychotherapy with
people who have mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation,
110, 359-365.
Osatuke, K., Glick, M. J., Stiles, W. B., Greenberg, L. S., Shapiro, D. A., & Barkham, M.
(2005). Temporal patterns of improvement in client-centred therapy and
cognitive-behaviour therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 18, 95-108.
Osatuke, K., Glick, M. J., Gray, M. A., Reynolds, D. J., Jr., Humphreys, C. L., Salvi, L.
M., & Stiles, W. B. (2004). Assimilation and narrative: Stories as meaning
bridges. In L. Angus & J. McLeod (Eds.), Handbook of narrative and
psychotherapy: Practice, theory, and research (pp. 193-210). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
Osatuke, K., Gray, M. A., Glick, M. J., Stiles, W. B., & Barkham, M. (2004). Hearing
voices: Methodological issues in measuring internal multiplicity. In H. H.
Hermans & G. Dimaggio (Eds.), The dialogical self in psychotherapy (pp. 237254). New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Osatuke, K., Humphreys, C. L., Glick, M. J., Graff-Reed, R. L., Mack, L. M., & Stiles,
W. B. (2005) Vocal manifestations of internal multiplicity: Mary's voices.
Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 75, 21-44.
Osatuke, K., Mosher, J. K., Goldsmith, J. Z., Stiles, W. B., Shapiro, D. A., Hardy, G. E.,
& Barkham, M. (2007). Submissive voices dominate in depression: Assimilation
analysis of a helpful session. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 153-164.
Osatuke, K., & Stiles, W. B. (2003). Emotional flavour and historicity. Psychology and
Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 76, 47-50.
Osatuke, K., & Stiles, W. B. (2006). Problematic internal voices in clients with borderline
features: An elaboration of the assimilation model. Journal of Constructivist
Psychology, 19, 287-319.
Osatuke, K., & Stiles, W. B. (submitted). Supervision as a conversation among multiple
internal voices in therapist and supervisor. Manuscript submitted for
publication.
Reynolds, S., Stiles, W. B., Barkham, M., Shapiro, D. A., Hardy, G. E., & Rees, A.
(1996). Acceleration of changes in session impact during contrasting time-limited
psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 577-586.
Reid, M. & Osatuke, K. (2006). Acknowledging problematic voices: Processes occurring
at early stages of conflict assimilation in patients with functional somatic disorder.
Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 79, 539-555.
Rudkin, A., Llewelyn, S. P., Hardy, G. E., Barkham, M., & Stiles, W. B. (2007).
Therapist and client processes affecting assimilation and outcome in brief
psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 17, 613-621.
Rudolf, G., Grande, T., & Oberbracht, C. (2000). The Heidelberg restructuring scale. A
model of changes in psychoanalytic therapies and its operationalization on an
estimating scale. Psychotherapeut, 45, 237-246.
Salvi, L. M., Brinegar, M. G., Gray, M. A., & Stiles, W. B. (submitted). Assimilating the
voices of sexual abuse: An intergenerational study. Manuscript submitted for
publication.
Shapiro, D. A., Barkham, M., Reynolds, S., Hardy, G., & Stiles, W. B. (1992).
Prescriptive and Exploratory psychotherapies: Toward an integration based on the
assimilation model. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 2, 253-272.
Stiles, W. B. (1992). Assimilation in der Klientenzentrierten Psychotherapie
[Assimilation in Client-Centered therapy]. In R. Sachse, G. Lietaer, & W. B.
Stiles (Eds.), Neue Handlungskonzepte der Klientenzentrierten Psychotherapie
(pp. 39-47). Heidelberg, Germany: Roland Asanger Verlag.
Stiles, W. B. (1997). Signs and voices: Joining a conversation in progress. British
Journal of Medical Psychology, 70, 169-176.
Stiles, W. B. (1999). Signs and voices in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 9, 121.
Stiles, W. B. (1999). Signs, voices, meaning bridges, and shared experience: How talking
helps. Visiting Scholar Series No. 10 (ISSN 1173-9940). Palmerston North, New
Zealand: School of Psychology, Massey University.
Stiles, W. B. (1999). Suppression of CBA voices: A theoretical note on the psychology
and psychotherapy of depression. Psychotherapy, 36, 268-273.
Stiles, W. B. (2001). Assimilation of problematic experiences. Psychotherapy, 38, 462-
465.
Stiles, W. B. (2002). Assimilation of problematic experiences. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.),
Psychotherapy relationships that work: Therapist contributions and
responsiveness to patients (pp. 357-365). New York: Oxford University Press.
Stiles, W. B. (2003). Qualitative research: Evaluating the process and the product. In S. P.
Llewelyn & P. Kennedy (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Health Psychology (pp.
477-499). London: Wiley.
Stiles, W. B. (2003). When is a case study scientific research? Psychotherapy Bulletin,
38(1), 6-11.
Stiles, W. B. (2005). Case studies. In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, & R. F. Levant (Eds.),
Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the
fundamental questions (pp. 57-64). Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association.
Stiles, W. B. (2005). Extending the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale:
Commentary on the special issue. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 18, 85-93.
Stiles, W. B. (2006). Assimilation and the process of outcome: Introduction to a special
section. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 389-392.
Stiles, W. B. (2007). What can the assimilation model learn from the identity positions
interview and what can it teach? International Journal for Dialogical Science, 2,
317-324. Available at http://ijds.lemoyne.edu/journal/2_1/IJDS.2.1.19.Stiles.html
Stiles, W. B., & Angus, L. (2001). Qualitative research on clients' assimilation of
problematic experiences in psychotherapy. In J. Frommer & D. L. Rennie (Eds),
Qualitative psychotherapy research: Methods and methodology (pp. 112-127).
Lengerich, Germany: Pabst Science Publishers. Also published in Psychologische
Beiträge, 43, 570-585.
Stiles, W. B., Barkham, M., Shapiro, D. A., & Firth-Cozens, J. (1992). Treatment order
and thematic continuity between contrasting psychotherapies: Exploring an
implication of the assimilation model. Psychotherapy Research, 2, 112-124.
Stiles, W. B., & Brinegar, M. G. (2007). Insight as a stage of assimilation: A theoretical
perspective. In L. G. Castonguay & C. E. Hill (Eds.). Insight in psychotherapy
(pp. 101-118). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Stiles, W. B., Elliott, R., Llewelyn, S. P., Firth-Cozens, J. A., Margison, F. R., Shapiro,
D. A., & Hardy, G. (1990). Assimilation of problematic experiences by clients in
psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 27, 411-420.
Stiles, W. B., & Glick, M. J. (2002). Client-centered therapy with multi-voiced clients:
Empathy with whom? In J. C. Watson, R. Goldman, & M. S. Warner (Eds.),
Client-centered and experiential therapy in the 21st century: Advances in theory,
research, and practice (pp. 406-414). London: PCCS Books.
Stiles, W. B., Honos-Webb, L., & Lani, J. A. (1999). Some functions of narrative in the
assimilation of problematic experiences. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55,
1213-1226.
Stiles, W. B., Leiman, M., Shapiro, D. A., Hardy, G. E., Barkham, M., Detert, N., &
Llewelyn, S. P. (2006). What does the first exchange tell? Dialogical sequence
analysis and assimilation in very brief therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 408421.
Stiles, W. B., Meshot, C. M., Anderson, T. M., & Sloan, W. W., Jr. (1992). Assimilation
of problematic experiences: The case of John Jones. Psychotherapy Research, 2,
81-101.
Stiles, W. B., Morrison, L. A., & Haw, S. (1987). Manual for assessing assimilation of
problematic experiences in psychotherapy sessions. Unpublished manuscript,
MRC/ESRC Social and Applied Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, UK.
Stiles, W. B., Morrison, L. A., Haw, S. K., Harper, H., Shapiro, D. A., & Firth-Cozens, J.
(1991). Longitudinal study of assimilation in exploratory psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy, 28, 195-206.
Stiles, W. B., & Osatuke, K. (2000). Assimilation analysis. Unpublished manuscript.
Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056
Stiles, W. B., Osatuke, K., Glick, M. J., & Mackay, H. C. (2004). Encounters between
internal voices generate emotion: An elaboration of the assimilation model. In H.
H. Hermans & G. Dimaggio (Eds.), The dialogical self in psychotherapy (pp. 91107). New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Stiles, W. B., Shankland, M. C., Wright, J., & Field, S. D. (1997). Aptitude-treatment
interactions based on clients' assimilation of their presenting problems. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 889-893.
Stiles, W. B., Shankland, M. C., Wright, J., & Field, S. D. (1997). Dimensions of clients'
initial presentation of problems in psychotherapy: The Early Assimilation
Research Scale. Psychotherapy Research, 7, 155-171.
Stiles, W. B., Shapiro, D. A., & Harper, H. (1994). Finding the way from process to
outcome: Blind alleys and unmarked trails. In R. L. Russell (Ed.), Reassessing
psychotherapy research (pp. 36-64). New York: Guilford Press.
Stiles, W. B., Shapiro, D. A., Harper, H., & Morrison, L. A. (1996). Contributi del
terapista all'assimilazione terapeutica: Un'alternativa alla metafora farmacologica.
[Contributions of the therapist to therapeutic assimilation: An alternative to the
drug metaphor]. Psicoterapia, 2 (6/7), 41-54.
Stiles, W. B., Shapiro, D. A., Harper, H., & Morrison, L. A. (1995). Therapist
contributions to psychotherapeutic assimilation: An alternative to the drug
metaphor. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 68, 1-13.
Stiles, W. B., Sloan, W. W., Jr., Meshot, C. M., & Anderson, T. M. (1991). Taking a
closer look: Psychotherapy research at Miami University. In L. E. Beutler & M.
Crago (Eds.) Psychotherapy research: An international review of programmatic
studies (pp. 290-293). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Teusch, L., Böhme, H., Finke, J., Gastpar, M., & Skerra, B. (2003). Antidepressant
medication and the assimilation of problematic experiences in psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy Research, 13, 307-322.
Varvin, S., & Stiles, W. B. (1999). Emergence of severe traumatic experiences: An
assimilation analysis of psychoanalytic therapy with a political refugee.
Psychotherapy Research, 9, 381-404.
Watkins, R., Cheston, R., Jones, K., & Gilliard, J. (2006). 'Coming out' with Alzheimer's
disease: Changes in awareness during a psychotherapy group for people with
dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 10, 166-176l
Williams, J. M. G., Stiles, W. B., & Shapiro, D. A. (1999). Cognitive mechanisms in the
avoidance of painful and dangerous thoughts: Elaborating the assimilation model.
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 285-306.