TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1
CHAPTER ONE: ARGUMENTS AGAINST NEGATIVE ENGINEERING
The Playing God Argument
The Adversity Argument
The Hidden Advantage Argument
The Good Life Argument
The Identity Argument
The Future Generations Argument
The Slippery Slope Argument
7
7
14
18
24
28
33
36
CHAPTER TWO: THE PERMISSIBILITY OF THERAPEUTIC
EUGENTICS
The Parity Argument
The Non-Violation Argument
The Selection Argument
The Religious Objection
The Disability Objection
42
42
44
45
47
49
CHAPTER THREE: IS THERAPEUTIC GENETIC ENGINEERING
OBLIGATORY?
Probability and Severity of Harm
Unreasonable Burden upon Mother or Family:
Religious Beliefs
Somatic or Germ-line Treatment?
Comparable Postnatal Treatment?
Miscarriage
52
58
61
63
65
67
68
CHAPTER FOUR: ARGUMENTS AGAINST GENETIC
ENHANCEMENT
The Argument from Abuse
The Argument from Unknown Consequences
The Death-Gene Version
Argument from Diversity
The Argument from Genetic Diversity
The Argument from Future Environment
The Argument from Overpopulation
The Argument from Discrimination
73
73
75
76
77
81
85
87
89
The Argument from Pressure on Children
The Argument from Pressure on Parents
The Argument from Subjectivism
The Argument for Normality Denigrated
CHAPTER FIVE: THE PERMISSIBILITY OF GENETIC
ENHANCEMENT
The Argument from Selection Precedent
The Argument from Non-genetic Enhancement
The Argument from Rights
The Alteration Objection to the Argument from
Selection Precedent
The Permanence Objection to the Argument from
Non-Genetic Enhancement
The No Consent Objection to the Rights Argument
The Inequality Objection to the Rights Argument
92
94
97
98
101
102
104
106
107
114
118
119
CHAPTER SIX: CAN GENETIC ENHANCEMENT BE OBLIGATORY?
The Health Argument
The Easy Benefit Argument
The Comparative Disadvantage Argument
The Fair Treatment Argument
The Talent Development Argument
Three Collective Effect Objections
The Futility Objection
The Frustration Objection
The Diversity Objection
124
124
130
139
142
144
150
152
158
164
CHAPTER SEVEN: TRAIT SELECTION CONTROVERSIES
Two Principles
Disability
Against Anita Silvers
Sex Selection
Skin Color
Sexual Orientation
A Method for Trait Selection
170
170
174
179
185
191
195
199