OHS Earth
Science Club
Spring Trip
April 14th – 20th
2000
INTRODUCTION
Shenandoah National Park is located in north-central Virginia and follows the
crests of the Blue ridge mountains for approximately 100 miles. The park is divided into
northern, central, and southern sections by two U.S. Highways cutting across gaps in the
mountains.
The first leg of our trip will begin at the northern entrance to the park at Front
Royal, Virginia. As we drive the 30 miles of the Skyline Drive that make up the northern
section of the park, there will be a number of stops at the scenic overlooks and road cuts
to explain some of the geology of the park. Five miles into this northern section we will
take time to visit the Dickey Ridge Visitor’s Center. This beautiful lodge contains
exhibits of what one can see and do in the park. A short film on the history of the park
will be a good introduction to our stay here. We will exit the northern section at
Thornton’s Gap, taking U.S. Route 211 into Luray.
The second leg of our trip will take us into the Central district of the park. Hikes
in this district will range from shorter ones that take only an hour or two to complete, to
longer ones that will take seven or eight hours to complete. Highlights of these treks will
involve a hike into a stream valley with several waterfalls and a hike to a summit with a
360 degree view of the mountain range. Also on the agenda for this district is a long-time
favorite known as Old Rag Mountain (the third highest point in all the Appalachian
Mtns.) with its rock scrambles and outstanding views from the top.
To the west of the Blue Ridge anticline lies the Valley and Ridge Province. One
of our first stops will enable us to look out over the Shenandoah River Valley at
Massanutten Mountain. Massanutten Mountain forms the western edge of a downfold, or
a syncline, that is continuous with the Blue Ridge anticline.
To the east of the Blue Ridge Province lies the Piedmont Province. This province
stretches toward the Atlantic and consists of older, more strongly eroded parts of the
Appalachian chain. As one looks east from the Blue Ridge one can see the lower hills
which are the plutonic cores of a much older part of the Appalachians.
FORMING THE BLUE RIDGE
The events which led to the formation of the Blue Ridge mountains are complex
and sometimes difficult to understand. Included in the physical history of this area: 1)
creation of plutonic igneous rocks at great depths; 2) deposition of sediments under
oceans which once covered the area; and 3) folding, faulting and uplift of the igneous and
metamorphic rock structures that make up the crests of the Blue Ridge today.
Over the past 100 million years that Blue Ridge has undergone steady erosion,
shaping it into the rounded mountain peaks that we see today. The deep stream gorges
and waterfalls are evidence that this is an ongoing process.
I will attempt here to summarize the events that led to the creation of the Blue
Ridge in which Shenandoah National Park is located. In parentheses are some of the
stops that we will be making to see the evidence of these events.
Early Precambrian Time
(1.1 billion years ago)
The earliest events in the history of the Blue Ridge saw the creation of the Old
Rag granite (hike to summit of Old Rag Mtn.) and the Pedlar Formation (Gooney Run
and Hogback Overlooks). These granite and granodiorite rocks are characters by grains
of equal size and interlocking nature, typically of the rocks formed under great heat and
pressure. Cooling of these rock bodies took place at great depths below the surface as
plutonic structures.
Radiometric dating for these rocks shows an age of about 1.1 billion years, some
of the oldest in the Appalachians. Estimates indicate it may have taken 300 million years
for uplift to bring them to the surface by late Precambrian time.
Late Precambrian Time
(600 - 800 million years ago)
By late Precambrian time uplift of the Old Rag and Pedlar Formation plutons had
created a landscape much like the Piedmont area looks today. These mountains of little
more than 2,000 feet were barren, exposed rock. Erosion by streams over long periods of
time accounted for layers of sediment over 200 feet thick filling in the valley floors.
These sediment-filled valley floors were later to become the floor of the Appalachian
geosyncline.
This series of sediment layer, now transformed onto the Swift Run Formation
(Hensley Hollow Overlook) have been metamorphosed by the heat and pressure of
thousand of feet of lava flows which poured out over them.
After the sediments of the Swift Run Formation filled the valley floors, lava’s
began erupting from dikes cutting through the Old Rag and Pedlar substrata. Lava and
ash totaling upwards of 1,800 feet covered the valley floors, burying all but the highest of
the peaks.
This series of lava outpourings and ash falls created the basaltic rocks known as
the Catoctin Formation (Signal Knob Overlook, Indian Run Overlook). A good example
of the feeder dikes for these outpourings will be seen at the Tunnel Parking Overlook.
The volcanic-sedimentary phase of rocks making up the Swift Run and Catoctin
Formations fall into three categories which can be viewed in the park. First are the
greenstones, a greenish colored basalt which makes up a major amount of volcanic rock
in the park. These are very hard, resistant rocks that make up most of the peaks and
ridges in the park. Second is the purple slate found interbedded with the greenstones.
These originated as tuff or pumice blown out of volcanic vents during the more violent
stages of eruption.
The third category, the phyllites and metasandstones, were created from the
sediments being deposited by stream action.
Because of the interbedded nature of the basalts, slates and phyllites the
deposition of sediment by streams must have been taking place at the same time as the
volcanic eruptions in the area.
Early Cambrian Times
(550 - 600 million years ago)
As the volcanism which created the Catoctin Formations came to an end, streams
began developing across the lava plains. Sediments in the form of mud, sand and quartz
pebbles began filling the stream channels to create the series of rocks known as the
Weverton Formation (near Thornton Hollow Overlook).
Shortly after the deposition of Catoctin and Weverton formations the valley began
a long period of downwarping and subsidence. This downward movement formed the
Appalachian geosyncline, into which the Cambrian seas began advancing from the east.
Fine, sandy muds and clays were being deposited in the quiet bays and lagoons of the
advancing seas. these sediments,
which now make up the Hampton Formation, contain the burrows or trails (called
Skolithos) of small, soft-bodied marine worms. These worm tubes form the earliest
evidence of lift in the rocks of the Blue Ridge.
Middle and Late Cambrian
(500 - 550 million years ago)
By the middle and late Cambrian times the seas advanced farther west toward the
interior of the content, taking the beach and lagoon environment with it. The Blue Ridge
area now contained somewhat deeper water in which reef building organisms deposited a
great quantity of calcium carbonate muds. Through the Cambrian and into the
Ordovician these limy muds were hardened into 12,000 foot thick beds of limestone and
dolomite. The limestones and dolomites now make up the floor of the Shenandoah
valley.
Middle Ordovician through Permian
(span of 225 million years)
During this approximately 225 million year span of time the rock structures
deposited earlier were undergoing intense folding and faulting. The result of these
stresses was the uplift of the Appalachians into a series of long, parallel folded ridges.
Evidence for the intense pressure and resulting metamorphism of rock can be
found in many of the rock types found in the park today. White beach sand formed in the
early seas were transformed by metamorphism into the quartzite’s of the Erwin
Formation. Fine, sandy muds deposited when the sea first made its way into the sinking
basin have how been metamorphosed phyllites of the Hampton Formation. Thick ash
beds formed in the late Precambrian have now been changed to the purple slates of the
Catoctin Formation.
Triassic to Recent
(span of 200 million years)
Triassic and Jurassic times were period of minor volcanic activity. this volcanic
activity consisted mostly of diabase intrusions as magma moved upward through fractures
in the overlying rock.
The Blue Ridge Mountains are believed to have been exposed at the surface
continuously since the Triassic, thus providing a long time in which erosion has taken its
toll.
BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF THE PARK
Bedrock in Shenandoah National Park was formed in the Precambrian, Cambrian,
Ordovician, and Triassic ages. The following is a brief description of the formations
visible in the park today. We will make an attempt to stop and observe many of these
rock types during our stay.
Precambrian
Old Rag Granite - light gray to nearly white, coarse-grained porphyritic rock of
granitic composition. Many feldspar crystals exceed 1 inch in length. Contains very few
dark minerals. Weathers to spheroidal boulders on crest of Old Rag Mountain.
Pedlar Formation - unweathered granodiorites of the Pedlar are medium to dark
greenish or bluish gray. Commonly have a waxy or greasy luster on broken, unweathered
surface. May be massive or may be foliated as in gneiss. Fine to medium-grained.
Swift Run Formation - youngest of Precambrian rocks. Consists of
metaconglomerates, metasandstones, and tuffaceous phyllites. Phyllites are brown,
sliver-gray or purple in color and best exposed at Hensley Hollow Overlook.
Catoctin Formation - youngest of Precambrian rocks. Consists mostly of
metamorphosed basalts. Metabasalt of the Catoctin is usually dark green, grayish green
or purple in color. Some basalt beds in this formation are amygdaloidal, containing white
to pink crystals of feldspar. Basalt breccias with a green epidote filling are common parts
of the Catoctin.
Cambrian
Weverton Formation - a sequences of light-gray, iron oxide cemented pebbly
quartzite beds. May be inerlayered with tan, silvery-green of purple phyllite.
Hampton Formation - mostly clastic sedimentaries that have metamorphosed to
metasandstones, metasiltstones, and phyllites. Quartzite beds contain fossil worm tubes,
Skolithos. This formation is not exposed on northern and central sections of the park
where we will be spending our time.
Erwin Formation - thick-bedded, light gray to white quartzite beds. These beds are
not visible on northern and central sections except by hiking foot trails off the parkway.
Triassic
Diabase dikes - vertical intrusions of greenish-black, coarse diabase. Exposures
of these dikes are not very common. Careful looking may spot some of the dikes in
roadcuts.
REFERENCES
Denton, James W. Circuit Hikes in the Shenandoah National Park. Potomac
Appalachian Trail Club.
1980.
Gathright, Thomas M., II. Geology of the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Bulletin
86. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources. 1976.
Hack, John T. and Durloo, Leslie H., Jr. Geology of Luray Caverns, Virginia. Report of
Investigations 3.
1977.
Heatwole, Henry. Guide to Skyline Drive and Shenandoah National Park. Shenandoah
Natural History
Association. 1983 reprint.
National Park Service. Exploring the Back Country. Shenandoah National Park.
Pamphlet.
Rader, Eugene K. and Biggs, Thomas H. Geology of the Front Royal Quadrangle,
Virginia. Report of Investigation 40. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources. 1975.
Shenandoah Natural History Association. Park Guide. Page - Shenandoah Newspaper
Corporation. 1982.
**** And a special thanks to Mr. Bob Shonk who first envisioned and established not
only this field guide, but the entire concept of the OHS Earth Science Club. Bravo Mr.
Shonk!!!
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK
Northern, Central and Southern Districts
***Road Log***
0.0 mi.
Enter Skyline drive near Front Royal, Virginia
0.5
Park Entrance Station, northern district
1.4
Brecciated Basalt w/ Epidote cement. Catoctin Fm.
2.8
Shenandoah Valley Overlook. View west towards Massanutten Mts. And ridge
providence. Strongly meandering course of the Shenandoah River.
3.9
Catoctin Fm. Basalt exposed along road cuts for next1/2 mile.
4.7
Dickey Ridge Visitors Center.
5.7
Signal Knob Overlook View of Massanutten Mts. shows two Parallel ridges
making the synclinal structure.
Road across from overlook is one of the best exposures of contact between
sedimentary and volcanic structures of the Catoctin Formation. Base of road cut
exposes dark, epidotized basalt while red sandstone lies above. Topmost layer is
the lighter basalt flow with columnar jointing.
6.9
Gooney Run Overlook. Pedlar granodiorite is exposed 200 feet west of the
overlook and at the end of a footpath.
9.5
Exposure of granitic gneiss phase of the Pedlar Fm. Light and dark layers of
gneiss show plunging folds.
10.7
Indian Run Overlook. Best display of columnar jointing along the Skyline Drive
at north end of road cut.
13.8
Hogwallow Flats Overlook. View east into the ancient plutonic hills making up
the Piedmont Province.
17.2
Range View Overlook. Panoramic view of the three provinces. Blue Ridge to the
south, Piedmont to the east and Valley and Ridge to the west.
17.6
Gravel Springs Gap. Park here for trailhead of hike to Big Devil Stairs. (See trail
description in next section of this guide.
21.8
Rattlesnake Point Overlook. Vesicular basalts exposed in road cut at north end of
overlook.
27.6
Thorton Hollow Overlook. Basalts in the road cut are sliced through with faults
and accompanying slickensides.
30.1
Pass Mountain Overlook. View of Luray sitting in the Shenandoah Valley and
New Market Gap in Massachutten Mtn.
31.4
Thorton Gap. End of northern district. U.S. St. Rt. 211 goes into Luray.
32.4
Tunnel Parking Overlook. Park here and walk back through tunnel to view a
feeder dike of the Catoctin lava flows.
33.5
Meadow Spring Parking. Park here for trailhead to Marys Rock Summit. (See
trail description in next section of this guide.)
33.1
Hazel Mountain Overlook. Scenic panorama of the Piedmont Province to the east.
Exposures of the Pedlar granodiorite.
36.4
Jewell Hollow Overlook. View of Luray in the distance.
38.6
Stony Man Mountain Overlook. To the west is a view of Luray and its setting in
the Page Valley. To the left of the Catoctin Fm. has weathered to resemble the
profile of a brow, nose, and beard. Hence the name Stony Man for this mountain.
40.5
Thorofare Mountain Overlook. Best view of Old Rag Mountain from the Skyline
Drive. Take note of this because one of our destinations this week will be to hike
to the 3,291foot summit, and all day hike.
41.7
North entrance to Skyland. Food, lodging and gifts. Highest point on the Skyline
Drive at 3,680 feet.
44.3
Crescent Rock Overlook. View of the Hawksbill Mountain, the highest peak in
the park at 4,050 feet.
51.0 Big Meadows. Enterance to Byrd Visitor Center. Information, publications,
exhibits of early populations in the park and a movie on the history of the park
development.
54.4
Hazeltop Ridge Overlook. Broad view of ridges to the west with the town of
Elkton below.
62.8
South River Picnic Area. A trail from the east end of the picnic grounds leads 1.3
miles to the third highest falls in the park. A possibility if we are just looking for
something to do.
63.2
Dean Cemetery. A dirt road leads 0.1 mile to this cemetery with over 100 graves,
some marked only be fieldstones.
65.5
Swift Run Gap. U.S. Route 33 crosses the park here and serves as the dividing
line between the central and southern districts of the park.
71.2
Rocky Mount Overlook. Rocky Mount seen from this overlook is topped by the
Erwin Formation. These same white quartzites are use used to make the walls of
this overlook. Close inspection of the rocks in the wall may show the fossilized
vertical tubes of the ancient seaworm Skolithos.
81.1
Doyles River Parking.
82.0
Just inside the tree line here lies a Civil War gun emplacement which was leveled
by Confederate troops. A cannon placed here was used to protect Confederate
troops camped to the south in Browns Gap.
84.8
Blackrock Area Parking. Trailhead for hike to Blackrock summit
92.6
Crimora Lake Overlook. Straight out from the overlook in the distance is the dark
blue water of Crimora Lake. Slightly to the left, near patches of barren earth lie
greenish pools of water filling abandoned open-pit manganese mines. Water from
Crimora Lake was used to separate lumps of manganese ore from clay formed at
the surface after eons of weathering. These mines were reportedly some of the
richest sources of manganese in the U.S. The mines were opened in 1867 and
continued intermittently until 1946.
98.9
Calf Mountain Overlook. The Guide to Skyline Drive describes this overlook as
the superstar of the drive. It even suggests that the vehicle be parked and persons
walk from one end of the overlook to the other.
104.6 Rockfish Gap Entrance Station. Exit southern end of Shenandoah National Park.
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK
- Itinerary Northern, Central and Southern Districts
Saturday April 20th
Early breakfast in Front Royal
- Dickey Ridge Visitor Center
Compton Peak Trail
We’ll be walking the famous Appalachian Trail (AT) that
stretches 2,160 miles from Katahdin, Maine to Springer Mountain,
Georgia. Relax, we’ll only be doing ~2.4miles of it today; maybe
tomorrow... Anyway, we’ll be picking up the AT on the westside of the Drive. The AT is
marked in blue blazes to help you follow the trail.
At the beginning, the exposed rocks are granodiorites, but as we continue on,
large basalt boulders will line the trail (from the Catoctin lava flow). Once we ascend to
the peak on Compton mountain, there are two viewpoints we’ll want to see. From this
point on is rough and rocky so watch your step and take it slow, especially to the right
side trail viewpoint. The left side viewpoint is rather steep at the end, but has some great
examples of columnar jointing. (Columnar Jointing - Parallel, polygon columns in basalt
flows which form during cooling.) We will descend into a canyon in which another
exposure of columnar jointing will be visible.
-
Little Stony Man Trail
Here's a little one (Little Stony Man) but a good one all the same. One mile
round trip climbing about 270feet we'll encounter sheer cliffs and great views.
We'll also be on the famous AT almost the whole way.
When we get to the top you'll be standing on the second Catocin lava
flow. The cliffs that rise above you are lava from the third flow. When enough
time elapsed between eruptions, soils and sediments collected on top of the
older lava. That's what happened here. As the molten lava of the third eruption advanced,
it churned up soil, sand, and mud. The rock that rises besides the trail here is worth a
closer look. The greenstone contains
red-brown clumps of ancient mud and soil, grains of sand, and some silvery schist that
may have been formed from a layer of volcanic ash that fell before the lava flow. The
green rock in the area is an indication of the high copper contents in the area. The ore was
smelted at Furnace Spring, the site of which is on the Passamaquoddy Trail. After
operations were discontinued, the mine still remained a spot of great interest to visitors.
The shaft, however, became a hazard and was filled in.
Sunday April 16th
Doyles River - Jones Run
This trail runs a distance of 4.8 miles one way and has a total climb of about 1,410
feet. On evan will be dropped at the Doyle River parking area
and the other one shuttled to the trail’s end at the Jones Run
parking area.
The trail describes this as a medium - difficult hike
with three waterfalls. After passing the upper falls, the trail
continues downhill through a narrow gorge and some of the
tallest trees in the park. At its lower end, the trail crosses the
river several times to reach the lower falls. Don’t fall in!
When the trail begins to ascend along the Jones Run, the stream cascades begin to
get larger, with the rock walls on both sides growing too. Higher up we will encounter
another waterfall. Above this waterfall, approximately a 1/4 mile, the trail crosses a long,
shallow ditch. This ditch is thought to have been a Civil War trench.
Blackrock Summit
This is a short hike to be done in conjunction with the Doyles River
- Jones Run Trail. It is an easy hike of 1 mile and a climb of 175 feet. But
it offers some outstanding views.
The trailhead begins from Blackrock parking area at mile 84.5 on
Skyline Drive. The trail begins on a dirt road which parallels the Drive
then moves onto the Appalachian Trail which passes along an easy climb
through pleasant woods. The trail swings right and passes down a talus
slope with rocks that range in size from “ breadbox to Buick”. It then opens up
into a breathtaking view of Madison Run and Dundo Hollow.
The trail continues on a 200 yard loop of the Blackrock summit. There is no trail
to the top of Blackrock. You can get there by scrambling up the rock from any point on
the loop. The top offers a 300o view from 3092 ft.
Monday April 17th
Heiskell Hollow / Overall Run Trail
Approximately a 12.5 mile trail today, we will be encountering
numerous waterfalls, including the largest in the park. We’ll be starting our
adventures from the south side of the Mathews Arm Campground parking
lot (SL 22). We will begin on the Knob Mountain trail (~.5 miles) but at
the first trail junction we will take the right (Heiskell Hollow). Proceeding
down slope we will encounter our first falls in ~ 3miles. After the falls, there
will be another travel junction, take the right again, this is the Beecher –
Overall Connecting trail. After a quick stream crossing, will go over a ridge, staying to
the left, until we come to another stream (Overall Run). A sharp right and we will ascend,
crossing the stream a couple times, into the Overall Run Falls Canyon.
This trail is also part of the Tuscarora Trail. This trail is 251 miles in total length (
we won’t hike all of this today), stretching from the Hogback Mountain to just north of
Carlisle, Pennsylvania on the AT. It was installed as an alternate route to the AT due to
the growing population pressures from Virginia and Maryland. The last falls is the tallest
in the park. Be careful as the rocks are sharp and the footing can be a little tricky.
After the falls, a short ways up the trail will “T” into the Mathews Arm Trail, take
a right. Next junction, right, next left, and then onward to the parking area.
Tuesday April 18th
Knob Mountain and Jeremy’s Run
Ok, Here we go! Feelin’ tough today? Hope so! 14.1 miles of beauty,
scenery, and stream crossings. We will be starting from the picnic area
parking (SL 24.25). Following the AT to the left (west) for a ways we will
come to a junction (look for the spring in the area too), take the right fork.
Stay to the right at the next junction, cross a stream and soon the trail will “T”
with the Knob Mountain trail. Turning to the left, we will gently ascend along a ridge
until we reach the peak, 2865ft. You’ll notice as we hike that a great deal of the forest has
been damaged or destroyed by gypsy moths. Gypsy moths were introduced by Americans
to this country to compete with the Chinese Silk worms. The experiment failed, and
millions of trees have been ravaged because of this alien invader.
Continuing down the ridge, we eventually reach the river. At the river junction,
stay to the left and let the games begin. We will ascend into the canyon, crossing the
stream multiple times. Should really pretty though. Once we reach the top, ~6.5 later, go
right at the junction and back to the parking lot.
Wednesday April 19th
Old Rag
This hike requires the stamina of an experienced hiker. And,
since you have so far survived this earlier hikes you may now consider
yourself experienced. This hike also takes a full day to make the
climb of 3,291 feet, and unlike the other which start from the Skyline
Drive this one starts from the base of the mountain. From the
trailhead in Weakley Hollow there is a steep, steady, climb along the
Ridge Trail with some rock scrambling over, around and sometimes
even under large granite boulders. Look for narrow, vertical dikes
cutting into the granite with the remains of lava forming a natural
stairway between the vertical walls. At the top you will think you have finally arrived
only to find another higher peak above you on the trail. We will take some time to rest
and eat lunch near a shelter known as Byrds Nest Shelter No. 1.
The descent will follow the Saddle Trail which eventually connects with the
Weakley Hollow Fire Road. This will be somewhat easier walking but places some
strain on knees since it is downhill. Look for the springs that form the source of
Brokenback Run. As we follow this small stream it will get larger and larger. Near the
end of the trail we will have to hop across it on rocks, or if too deep this time of year we
may find ourselves wading across.
Thursday April 20th
- check out form motel
- get a good breakfast
- head home
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK
FIELD TRIP
Fact Sheet
Number of Students Attending:
Number of chaperones Attending:
18
2 (J. Duxbury and B. Shonk)
Length of Stay:
6 days ( Night of April 14th through afternoon of April 20th)
Method of Travel:
2 school passenger vans
Lodging:
Intown Motel, 410 West Main St., Luray, Virginia 22835
Phone: 1-800-213-3241
Cost of Trip:
$1,575.00 - 7 dbl. rooms, 5 nights @ $45 / night
$1,500.00 - Meals
$ 300.00 - Gasoline
$ 150.00 - Misc. (entrance fees, etc.)
$3,525.00
Method of financing Trip:
- Funds from the citrus sale
(current balance (3-13) = $7312.00)
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK FIELD TRIP
Expectations For Attending Members
I don’t feel it is necessary to go into a long list of do’s and don’ts for the members
attending this trip. Your behavior on other club trips and activities has been exemplary.
However, I would be remiss if I didn’t call your attention to the following items:
1.
This trip is an extension of the classroom situation. You are expected to follow
the same rules of behavior as in the school and classroom. You are under the
supervision of the chaperones at all times.
Any violations with alcohol, tobacco, or drugs will be automatic dismissal from
the club, with a notice sent to parents and school administration.
2.
No boys will be permitted in girls’ motel rooms at any time. The
same applies for girls in boys’ rooms.
3.
You will be attending a National Park with a large number of other visitors. We
want you to have a good time, but also to show respect for the rights of other
visitors and the park personnel.
4.
I feel the Orrville High School Earth Science Club is a very special group. We
have had the privilege of doing things that others have not. I would hope you feel
the same way, and in your actions, show others that we are a responsible
organization.
5.
Remember at all times that we are representing Orrville High School and carry on
the respect our school has gained over the years.
Important rules of the Shenandoah National Park system. See next page.
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK RULES
Shenandoah National Park is a unique natural and scenic area dedicated to three
goals: 1) to preserve its natural features, 2) to provide enjoyment of these features for
today’s visitors and 3) to preserve this area unimpaired for future generations.
1. Visitors are not permitted to deface, destroy or pick flower, trees or shrubs.
Rocks also may not be removed from the park. Take home only pictures and
memories.
2. The animals you see in the park are WILD animals. Do not attempt to fee,
capture, dill or bother them in any way.
3. All firearms, including air pistols, rifles, bows and arrows, and slingshot are
prohibited. The use of fireworks and firecrackers also is not allowed.
4. Let those that follow you on the trail enjoy the same things you have enjoyed.
Carry out all trash and litter.
5. Fires are permitted only in fire rings in designated campgrounds and picnic
areas.
ORRVILLE HIGH SCHOOL EARTH SCIENCE CLUB
* Packing Checklist *
Clothing needs for the trip should be minimal. We are going to a place where
there will be no fashion parade. Jeans are appropriate. Since the weather will be
unpredictable at this time of the year, it will be necessary to plan for cool and possibly
rainy days.
Our packing space in the van will be very limited. Please do not pack with
suitcases, pack only in duffel bags so they can be squeezed into tight spaces.
Items you will need to take:
A change or two of jeans, socks, underwear, etc.. Do not take a lot of
unnecessary clothes! We can go to the Laundromat if need be.
Jacket, sweatshirts, gloves, hat: Lighter the better, layered clothing is
better for hiking than heavy, bulky clothes.
Sturdy shoes or hiking boots. Do not wear thin soled shoes, tennis
shoes or shoes that are loose on your feet for hiking. There will be a lot of
walking and blisters are not welcome. I would highly recommend that you
several coats of waterproofing on your shoes. Trails may be wet and muddy this time of
year.
Rain suits (not ponchos or raincoats which drip on your legs).
A day pack or small back pack for carrying snacks, water and other items. This
will allow your hands to remain free.
Toiletries. Hair dryers should be shared, not essential to take 12.
Optional items you may wish to take.
Cameras, binoculars, playing cards, radio ( 1 per room, please; not to be taken on the
hikes). Money for souvenirs, snacks or whatever you wish to buy on your own.