USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2004
GEM MINI-NURSERY BOOK
GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE
Central Iowa Field Day - Sept. 29, 2004
DEMONSTRATION PLOT MAP
S
ENTRY NUMBERS RUN FROM EAST TO WEST
101
150
RANGE 3
POPGEM Populations / 50% Tropical topcrosses
51
100
RANGE 2
Breeding for Value Added Traits and Experimental Hybrids
1
50
RANGE 1
Breeding History Demonstration and Lines for Potential Release
Field History:
Fertilizer:
Herbicide:
Insecticide:
Planted on May 16th, 2004.
Fall applied 23-60-90; 156 lbs N in spring (total N 179 lbs/acre)
Dual II Magnum pre-plant; Basagran post emerge
None
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 1 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2004
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project
USDA-ARS
Field day in conjunction with the CAD Field Day at the Bruner Farm
Ames, Iowa
September 29, 2004
The Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) Project is a cooperative effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), land-grant universities,
private industry, international, and non-governmental organizations. The mission of the project is to
broaden the genetic base of maize germplasm, increasing its diversity through introgression of unique
and novel germplasm into elite, adapted lines. The GEM Project is administered through the USDAARS’s Plant Introduction Research unit in Ames, IA (NCRPIS). The sources of germplasm include
exotic temperate and tropical accessions identified by the Latin American Maize Project (LAMP),
crossed with adapted proprietary inbreds provided by GEM Cooperator companies as part of “in kind
support” of the project. More than 20 private cooperators and 40 public researchers are cooperators
of the GEM Project. In addition to the US, international cooperators include members from
Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and Thailand. Guidance to the GEM project is provided by the
GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG) with 10 members representing private industry and the public
sector.
Breeding History (rows 1 - 20):
Corn breeding has an interesting history of germplasm enhancement through cyclic selection
(pedigree selection, recurrent selection, etc) since the early 1900’s. Improvements include better
yield, stalk lodging resistance, disease/insect resistance, and stress tolerance. Rows 1-20 are planted
with side by side observations of germplasm used in the US Corn Belt beginning with the original
Stiff Stalk Synthetic developed by George Sprague in the early 1930’s. Important inbreds derived
from Stiff Stalk Synthetic include B14, B37, and B73 released in 1953, 1958, and 1972 respectively.
Inbred I205 is a Reid iodent line released in the 1920’s. A popular non-stiff stalk family includes
Lancaster, and its derivatives Oh43 and Mo17 released in 1949, and 1964 respectively. The most
popular hybrid of the 1970’s-1980’s was B73 x Mo17. Although other heterotic groups of maize
have been described, (Midland, Leaming, etc.), these groups are of lesser importance for commercial
development of inbred lines. GEM accessions have been assigned to either stiff stalk (SS) or nonstiff stalk (NS) heterotic groups, and crossed with proprietary inbreds of the same heterotic group to
make breeding crosses. Selection and development among breeding crosses is in accordance to the
GEM protocol, which is a modified pedigree breeding method, and testing S2 and S3 top crosses.
GEM lines and their topcross hybrids (rows 21 - 50; 71 - 100):
Most of the GEM lines (S3 bulks) released to GEM Cooperators during 2003 and 2004 are planted in
rows 21-50. Some of these lines are candidates for public release through the NCRPIS within the
next 1-2 years.
GEM lines are planted in range 1 with the adjacent range 2 planted to the top cross counterpart for
comparative observation. The tester lines used by GEM include elite Corn Belt inbreds LH185
(nSS), LH283 (nSS), LH198 (SS), and LH200 (SS) (Holden’s Foundation Seed, L.L.C.). The
pedigrees of the S3’s are labeled to denote percentage of temperate or tropical exotic germplasm
(25% or 50%) in the line, the country of origin, and race. Temperate germplasm includes accessions
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 2 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2004
from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, USA; tropical germplasm includes accessions from Brazil, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Thailand. Most of the top crosses are in second year trials in
2004, or will be tested for the second year in 2005.
Value-added trait (VAT) lines and their top cross hybrids (rows 51 - 70):
Grain quality analysis is done in our labs in Ames managed by Sue Duvick. Exotic germplasm is an
important source of VAT’s. GEM is studying the composition and quality of protein, oil, and starch
with the objective of releasing germplasm having improved VAT’s, good combining ability, and
agronomic adaptability. Target values include protein content of 13%, oil 6%, and starch 75%.
Amino acid content is being studied through a cooperative project with Dr. Paul Scott, USDA-ARS,
Corn Insects and Corn Genetics Research Unit in Ames. Amino acids evaluated include lysine,
tryptophan, methionine, and threonine. Starch thermal properties are analyzed by Differential
Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to determine functionality for potential food and industrial applications.
Some of the starch thermal traits evaluated include peak temperature onset for starch gelatinization,
temperature range of gelatinization, enthalpy and percent retrogradation, and peak height index of
thermogram. GEM lines have been identified with favorable VAT’s such as percent protein, oil, and
starch thermal properties over 2 years of evaluation. These lines are planted adjacent to their top
cross hybrids in rows 51-70. VAT data in the attached appendix is based on 2 year data with the
exception of the amino acid results (1 year data). The top crosses were not evaluated for VAT’s,
although the top crosses are in second year yield trials in 2004.
POPGEM (rows 101 - 112):
The POPGEM project was started in 2000 by Ken Ziegler at ISU (and 11 private popcorn
companies). Unfortunately, with Ken's retirement earlier this month, the POPGEM project has been
discontinued. Germplasm that was part of this project is available to all interested GEM Cooperators
on a per request basis through the GEM Project. In fall 2005, the POPGEM germplasm will be
turned over to the NCRPIS, and made publicly available. Planted in the demo are 4 rows each of the
3 heterotic groups in popcorn: AP=Amber Pearl, SA=South American, and SG= Supergold. The SA
and SG rows represent the most advanced populations of POPGEM where private company popcorn
inbred lines were crossed to exotic material from the Iowa State University, and University of
Missouri popcorn breeding programs. (There was not enough remnant seed of the Amber Pearl most
advanced population to plant therefore the AP rows represent a subpopulation of the Amber Pearl
heterotic group that is similar to the most advanced AP population.)
GEM Lines Derived from 50% Tropical Breeding Crosses (rows 113 - 138):
The GEM program in Raleigh, NC is under the management of USDA-ARS researcher, Joe
Hudyncia, who works closely with Dr. Major Goodman, NC State University. The effort in Raleigh
is focused on the development of lines derived from 50% tropical breeding crosses. The effort in the
Midwest is focused on 25% tropical breeding crosses, and 25% and 50% temperate breeding crosses.
Rows 113-138 are planted with top crosses that were selected for adaptability in the Midwest. Most
of the GEM lines (involved in top crosses) planted in rows 113-138 were developed in NC, and are in
Midwest yield trials in 2004. It is of interest that 12 of the 25 hybrids flowered earlier than or equal
to B73xMo17, and should be useful sources of germplasm for Midwest breeding programs.
GEM Breeding crosses (rows 139 - 150):
New breeding crosses under development in the GEM nursery in 2004 include eight temperate (25%
or 50% exotic derived) populations, and four 25% tropical populations. Ten of the populations are
classified as stiff stalk, and two are non-stiff stalk heterotic group. Self pollinations are being made
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 3 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2004
this summer in Ames from each breeding cross, and the resulting S1 families will be planted ear to
row and selected next summer (2005) in the Midwest.
More information on the structure and organization of the GEM Project, membership, yield trial
results, germplasm releases, and summaries of University and USDA-ARS research can be found on
our web site, http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem/. Information and public availability of the
LAMP accessions used by GEM can be found at the Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN) at the web site, http://www.ars-grin.gov.
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 4 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2004
RANGE 1 – Breeding History Demonstration & Lines for Potential Release
Mid
Mid
Entry
Pedigree
Poll.
Silk
Comments
Breeding History Demonstration
1 Original Stiff Stalk Synthetic
7/28
7/30
1
2 B14
7/30
8/4
2
3 B73
7/28
8/2
3
4 I205
7/30
8/2
4
5 Lancaster Sure Crop
7/19
7/19
5
6 Mo17
7/30
8/4
6
7 Oh43
7/23
7/26
7
8 B57
7/28
8/4
8
9 CI31A
8/9
8/11
9
10 A218
7/19
7/19
10
11 Commercial Hybrid (Med Season)
7/22
7/22
11
12 B73 x Mo17
7/26
7/26
12
13 AR17056
7/26
7/30
13
14 AR17056:N20
7/26
7/26
14
15 AR17056:N2025
7/22
7/22
15
16 AR17056:N2025-685-1-B-B
7/23
7/26
16
17 AR17056:N2025-685-1-B-B/LH198
7/22
7/22
17
18 Commercial Hybrid (Med Season)
7/22
7/22
18
19 AR16026:S1704-153-1-B/LH283
7/28
7/28
19
20 Commercial Hybrid (Full Season)
7/30
7/30
20
30 GEM Lines for Potential Release
21 AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B
7/30
8/2
21
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 5 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
Field Day 2004
AR03056:N09-191-1-B-B-B
8/4
8/4
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B
8/4
8/4
AR03056:N09-250-1-B-B-B
8/4
8/4
AR16026:S1704-139-1-B
7/30
8/2
AR16035:S02-450-1-B-B
8/2
8/2
AR16035:S02-611-1-B-B
8/2
8/2
AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B
8/2
8/4
AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B
7/28
7/30
CH05015:N12-183-1-B-B
7/30
8/2
CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B
7/28
7/30
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B
8/2
8/2
CUBA164:S2012-235-1-B-B
7/30
7/30
CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B-B
8/4
8/9
CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B-B
7/30
8/2
CUBA164:S2012-966-1-B-B
8/4
8/9
DK212T:N11a12-121-1-B
8/2
8/2
DKXL370:N11a20-199-2-B-B-B
8/2
8/4
DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-B-B
8/2
8/2
DKXL370:N11a20-322-B
8/2
8/2
DKXL370:N11a20-36-2-B-B-B
7/30
7/30
DKXL370:N11a20-418-1-B-B-B
8/4
8/6
DREP150:N2011d-603-2-B
7/30
8/4
FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B
8/2
8/4
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 6 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
50
Field Day 2004
FS8B(T):N11a-110-1-B-B
7/30
7/30
FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B-B
7/30
7/30
FS8B(T):N11a-87-1-B
7/28
7/30
UR01089:S0525-519-1-B
8/2
8/2
UR11003:S0302-937-1-B-B
7/30
7/30
UR13085:N0215-14-1-B-B-B-B
7/26
7/30
RANGE 2 – Breeding for Value-Added Traits & Experimental Hybrids
Mid
Mid
Entry
Pedigree
Poll.
Silk
Comments
Breeding for Value-Added Traits *
51 SE32(BR52 051):S17 F2S4 2011-01
8/4
8/13
51
52 SE32(BR52 051):S17 F2S4 2011-01/LH283
7/30
7/30
52
53 CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B
7/28
7/30
53
54 CH05015:N1204-057-1-B/LH200
7/26
7/26
54
55 AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B
7/30
7/30
55
56 AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B/LH198
7/23
7/22
56
57 CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B
7/30
8/2
57
58 CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B/LH185
7/23
7/23
58
59 DKXL370:N11a20-410-1-B
7/28
7/30
59
60 DKXL370:N11a20-410-1-B-B/LH200
7/26
7/26
60
61 DKXL380:S11 F2S4 2258-03
8/9
8/16
61
62 DKXL380:S11 F2S4 2258-03/LH283
7/28
7/30
62
63 GUAT209:N1925-81-1-B-B
7/26
7/26
63
64 GUAT209:N1925-81-1/LH198
7/28
7/30
64
65 CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B
7/28
7/28
65
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 7 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2004
66
66
67
67
68
68
69
69
70
70
CHIS740:S1411a-783-2/LH283
7/26
7/26
AR17056:N2025 Select # 3-B-B
7/26
7/23
AR17056:N2025 Select # 3-B-B/LH198
7/23
7/22
DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B
8/2
8/4
DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B/LH185
7/26
7/26
71
71
72
72
73
73
74
74
75
75
76
76
77
77
78
78
79
79
80
80
81
81
82
82
83
83
84
84
85
85
86
86
87
87
88
88
AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B/LH198
Experimental Hybrids – Topcrosses of the Lines in Range 1
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 21.
AR03056:N09-191-1-B-B/LH198
7/28
7/30 Top cross of entry 22.
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B/LH198
7/28
7/30 Top cross of entry 23.
AR03056:N09-250-1-B-B/LH198
7/28
7/28 Top cross of entry 24.
AR16026:S1704-139-1-B/LH185
7/23
7/23 Top cross of entry 25.
AR16035:S02-450-1-B-B/LH185
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 26.
AR16035:S02-611-1-B-B/LH185
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 27.
AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/LH185
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 28.
AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B/LH198
7/23
7/23 Top cross of entry 29.
CH05015:N12-183-1-B/LH198
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 30.
CHIS740:S1411a-783-2/LH185
7/23
7/27 Top cross of entry 31.
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1/LH283
7/23
7/23 Top cross of entry 32.
CUBA164:S2012-235-1-B/LH185
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 33.
CUBA164:S2012-444-1/LH185
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 34.
CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B/LH185
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 35.
CUBA164:S2012-966-1/LH185
7/23
7/23 Top cross of entry 36.
DK212T:N11a12-121-1/LH198
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 37.
DKXL370:N11a20-199-2-B-B/LH198
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 38.
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 8 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
89
89
90
90
91
91
92
92
93
93
94
94
95
95
96
96
97
97
98
98
99
99
100
100
Entry
101
101
102
102
103
103
104
104
105
105
106
106
107
107
108
108
109
109
Field Day 2004
DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-B/LH198
7/30
7/30 Top cross of entry 39.
DKXL370:N11a20-322/LH198
7/28
7/30 Top cross of entry 40.
DKXL370:N11a20-36-2-B-B/LH198
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 41.
DKXL370:N11a20-418-1-B-B/LH198
7/28
7/28 Top cross of entry 42.
DREP150:N2011d-603-2/LH198
7/28
7/28 Top cross of entry 43.
FS8(A)S:S09-362-1-B-B/LH185
7/26
7/28 Top cross of entry 44.
FS8B(T):N11a-110-1-B/LH198
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 45.
FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B/LH198
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 46.
FS8B(T):N11a-087-1-B/LH200
7/26
7/26 Top cross of entry 47.
UR01089:S0525-519-1/LH283
7/26
7/28 Top cross of entry 48.
UR11003:S0302-937-1-B/LH185
7/24
7/26 Top cross of entry 49.
UR13085:N0215-14-1-B/LH198
7/28
7/28 Top cross of entry 50.
RANGE 3 – POPGEM Populations
Mid
Mid
Pedigree
Poll.
Silk
Experimental Populations from POPGEM
POPGEM AP
7/23
7/26
Comments
POPGEM AP
POPGEM AP
POPGEM AP
POPGEM SA
POPGEM SA
7/23
7/26
7/22
7/23
POPGEM SA
POPGEM SA
POPGEM SG
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 9 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
110
110
111
111
112
112
Field Day 2004
POPGEM SG
POPGEM SG
POPGEM SG
GEM Top crosses involving 50% Tropical Derived Lines
113 BARBGP2:N08a18-380-1/LH198
7/26
7/26
113
114 BARBGP2:N08a18-332-1/LH198
7/26
7/26
114
115 DREP150:N2011d-603-2/LH198
7/26
7/28
115
116 BR52051:N04-70-1/LH198
7/26
7/23
116
117 BR52051:N04-76-1/LH198
7/22
7/23
117
118 Comm Hybrid (Full Season)
7/30
7/30
118
119 CUBA117:S15-101-1-B/LH185
7/26
7/26
119
120 CUBA117:S15-372-1/LH185
7/26
7/26
120
121 CUBA164:S15-118-6-12-B-B/LH283
7/28
7/30
121
122 CUBA164:S15-118-6-19-B-B/LH283
7/30
7/30
122
123 CUBA164:S15-118-6-25-B-B/LH283
7/28
7/30
123
124 CUBA164:S15-118-6-6-B-B/LH283
7/28
7/30
124
125 CUBA164:S15-337-1-B-B/LH185
7/23
7/23
125
126 CUBA164:S15-81-7-1-B-B/LH185
7/26
7/26
126
127 DK212T:N11a-138-1-B/LH198
7/26
7/26
127
128 DK212T:N11a-37-1-B/LH198
7/26
7/26
128
129 DK212T:S11 F2S4 2111-01/LH185
7/26
7/26
129
130 DK212T:S11 F2S4 2112-02/LH185
7/26
7/23
130
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 10 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
131
131
132
132
133
133
134
134
135
135
136
136
137
137
138
138
139
139
140
140
141
141
142
142
143
143
144
144
145
145
146
146
147
147
148
148
149
149
150
150
Field Day 2004
DK370A:S11 F2S4 2253-01/LH185
7/26
7/26
DK888:S11 F2S4 2152-02/LH283
7/28
7/30
DK888:S11 F2S4 2132-03/LH283
7/28
7/28
DK888:S11 F2S4 2132-03/LH185
7/23
7/23
DK888:S11 F2S4 2143-02/LH185
7/26
7/26
DK888:S11 F2S4 2152-03/LH185
7/23
7/23
PE001n16F2S2-65/LH198
7/30
7/30
PE001n16F2S2-239/LH198
7/30
7/30
AR16021:S08b09
GEM Breeding Crosses
7/26
7/23
AR16026:S1716
7/26
7/26
AR17056:S12
7/26
7/23
DKB830:S11a18
7/28
7/30
FS8A(T):N1804
7/30
7/30
GUAT209:S1317
7/26
7/26
UR13085:S1906
7/22
7/23
UR13088:S0617
7/22
7/22
ANTIG01:N1622
7/30
7/30
AR01150:S0121
7/30
8/2
BR52051:S1711b
7/26
7/30
UR05071:S04
7/28
7/30
* For further information, please see the Appendix on the next page.
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 11 of 12
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2004
APPENDIX
Entry
Number
2-year averages for GEM line
Pedigree
Description
DM %
Protein
DM %
Oil
DM %
Starch
13.8
4.9
63.0
Not tested
Not tested
Not tested
14.0
4.8
63.1
Not tested
Not tested
Not tested
15.3
2.9
64.7
Not tested
Not tested
Not tested
15.4
3.7
67.2
Not tested
3.8
(1 yr data)
Not tested
67.7
(1 yr data)
51
SE32(BR52 051):S17 F2S4 2011-01
Protein; oil content
52
SE32(BR52 051):S17 F2S4 201101/LH283
Top cross of entry 51
53
CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B
Protein; oil content
54
CH05015:N1204-057-1-B/LH200
Top cross of entry 53
55
AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B
Starch quality: High %
retrogradation (DSC)
56
AR17056:N2025-574-1-B-B/LH198
Top cross of entry 55
57
CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B
Protein
58
CUBA164:S2012-459-1-B/LH185
Top cross of entry 57
59
DKXL370:N11a20-410-1-B
Protein
Not tested
15.2
(1 yr data)
60
DKXL370:N11a20-410-1-B-B/LH200
Top cross of entry 59
Not tested
Not tested
Not tested
11.3
3.4
66.1
61
DKXL380:S11 F2S4 2258-03
Above avg amino acid
content: Methionine, and
Lysine
62
DKXL380:S11 F2S4 2258-03/LH283
Top cross of entry 61
63
GUAT209:N1925-81-1-B-B
Above avg amino acid
content: Threonine
Not tested
12.4
(1 yr data)
Not tested
3.4
(1 yr data)
Not tested
69.7
(1 yr data)
64
GUAT209:N1925-81-1/LH198
Top cross of entry 63
Not tested
Not tested
Not tested
3.4
69.5
CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B
Above avg amino acid
content: Methionine
11.1
65
66
CHIS740:S1411a-783-2/LH283
Top cross of entry 65
Not tested
Not tested
Not tested
12.2
3.0
66.2
67
AR17056:N2025 Select # 3-B-B
Starch quality: high temp
gelatinization, high peak
height index of thermogram
68
AR17056:N2025 Select # 3-BB/LH198
Top cross of entry 67
Not tested
Not tested
Not tested
10.2
3.1
68.3
69
DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B
Starch quality: low temp
gelatinization, high temp
range of gelat, low peak
height index of thermogram
70
DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B/LH185
Top cross of entry 69
Not tested
Not tested
Not tested
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
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