THOMAS L. BREWER
(May 2007)
Associate Professor, Georgetown University, McDonough School of Business, Washington, DC
Associate Fellow, Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels, Belgium
Email: brewert@georgetown.edu
Personal professional web site: www.usclimatechange.com
University web sites - http://explore.georgetown.edu/people/brewert/ or
http://faculty.msb.edu/brewert/
CEPS web site: www.ceps.be
Office
Georgetown University - Old North, Room 326
37th & O Streets, NW - Washington, DC 20057 - USA
Office Phone (Naielia Allen, Administrative Assistant): (+1) 202-687-3921
Fax: (+1) 202-687-4031 - Home Phone: (+1) 202-625-9482
Education
Ph.D., Business Administration, University of Michigan, 1982
Ph.D., Political Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1971
M.A., International Relations, Yale University, 1964
B.A., Economics and Political Science, Wabash College, 1963
Papers under Review and Other Research in Progress
“U.S. International Trade, Investment and Technology Transfer Policies: Intersections with
Climate Policies and Implications for the Post-2012 Climate Regime” (under revision for
resubmission to Climate Policy)
“The Climate Change Budget of the U.S. Government: Priorities, Patterns and Trends” (under
revision for resubmission to Climate Policy)
“The European Biodiesel Industry: International Trade, Investment and Technology Transfer
Issues” (in progress)
“Industry Leaders and Laggards on Climate Change Issues: How Do We Know Who’s Who?” (in
progress)
“Political Economy Models of Strategic Behavior: Explaining Firms’ Responses to Global
Warming” (under revision for resubmission to Academy of Management Review)
The Political Economy of U.S. Responses to Climate Change Issues (book-length manuscript to
be submitted to university press)
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Publications, 2000-Present
“Environmental Policy and Institutional Transparency in Europe,” in Lars Oxelheim, ed.,
Corporate and Institutional Transparency for Economic Growth in Europe. Elsevier,
2006. Co-author with Sarianna Lunden.
“Global Warming and Climate Change in the 21st Century: New Issues for Firms, Governments
and Research on Business-Government Relations,” in Robert Grosse, ed., International
Business-Government Relations in the 21st Century. Cambridge University Press, 2005;
chapter 6.
“Business Perspectives on the EU Emissions Trading Scheme,” Climate Policy, 5 (2005): 137144.
“US Public Opinion on Climate Change Issues: Implications for Consensus-Building and
Policymaking,” Climate Policy, 4 (2005): 359-376.
“The WTO and the Kyoto Protocol: Interaction Issues,” Climate Policy, 4 (2004): 3-12 (lead
article).
“The Trade Regime and the Climate Regime: Institutional Evolution and Adaptation,” Climate
Policy, 3 (2003): 329-341.
“Multinationals, the Environment and the WTO: Issues in the Environmental Goods and Services
Industry and in Climate Change Mitigation,” in Sarianna Lundan, Alan Rugman and
Alain Verbecke, eds., Multinationals, the Environment and Global Competition. Elsevier,
2004.
The New Economic Analysis of Multinationals: An Agenda for Management, Policy and
Research. Edward Elgar, 2003. Co-editor with Stephen Young and Stephen Guisinger.
Oxford Handbook of International Business. Oxford University Press, 2001; paperback edition,
2003. Co-editor with Alan Rugman.
Globalizing Europe. Edward Elgar, 2001. Co-editor with Paul A. Brenton and Gavin Boyd.
“The Multilateral Regime for FDI: Institutions and Their Implications for Business Strategy,” in
Alan M. Rugman and Thomas L. Brewer, editors, Oxford Handbook of International
Business. Oxford University Press, 2001; pp. 282-313. Co-author with Stephen Young.
“The USA in the WTO,” in Alan M. Rugman and Gavin Boyd, editors, The World Trade
Organization in the New Global Economy. Edward Elgar, 2001; pp. 128-154. Co-author
with Stephen Young.
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The Multilateral Investment Regime and Multinational Enterprises. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2000 (up-dated paperback edition). Co-author with Stephen Young.
Globalizing America. Edward Elgar, 2000. Co-editor with Gavin Boyd.
“American Corporate Planning and International Economic Disputes,” in Thomas L. Brewer and
Gavin Boyd, editors, Globalizing America. Edward Elgar, 2000, pp. 173-189. Co-author
with Stephen Young.
“The World Trade Organization: Global Rule Maker?,” in Stephen Young and Neil Hood, eds.,
Globalization of Multinational Enterprise Activity and Economic Development.
Macmillan, 2000, pp. 251-277. Co-author with Stephen Young.
Papers and Presentations, 2000-Present
Technology, Emissions Trading and International Trade: New Issues and Paradigms for the
Expanding Climate Change Agenda,” presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Swedish
Network for European Studies of Economics and Business (SNEE), May 2007
“Biofuels for Climate Change Mitigation: International Trade and Investment Policies of the
G8+5 Countries,” paper prepared for the G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue, 2007.
“Climate Change Technology Transfer: International Trade and Investment Policy Issues for the
G8+5 Countries,” paper prepared for the G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue, 2007.
"U.S. Public Perceptions about Climate Change Issues," Presentation at the Corporate EH&S
Roundtable, National Press Club, Washington, DC, November 14, 2006.
“U.S. Public Opinion on Climate Change Issues: International Comparisons, Patterns and
Trends,” prepared for the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Washington, DC, October
2006.
"The Status of GHG Emissions Trading in the US and Perspectives on the EU ETS" Presentation for the Florence School of Regulation conference, Florence, Italy, 20
October 2006
"Biofuels for Climate Change Mitigation: International Trade, Investment and Technology
Transfer Issues," prepared for presentation at the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization, Rome, 23 October 2006.
“The EU Emissions Trading Scheme,” presentation at the annual conference of the Swedish
Network of European Economists, Molle, Sweden, May 2006
Presentation, “Trade Regime - Climate Regime Interactions: Implications of the U.S. Energy
Policy Act,” Panel Organized by the Royal Institute for International Affairs (Chatham
House) and the International Institute for Sustainable Development for the United Nations
COP/MOP 1, Montreal, December 2005.
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Presentation, “U.S. Perspectives on Climate Change Policy Options,” Conference on Future
Climate Change Policy Options, Institute for Environmental Research, Free University,
Amsterdam, November 2005.
Presentation, “The Changing Balance of Power in the US on Climate Change Issues,” European
Commission conference on Climate Change, Brussels, May 2005.
Presentation, “Recent Developments in the US on Climate Change Issues and Their Implications
for European Competitiveness: What Can Be Done about the US Free Rider Problem,”
annual conference of the Swedish Network of European Economists, Molle, Sweden,
May 2005.
Presentation, “The Political Economy of US Responses to Climate Change Issues,” Economic
and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, Tokyo,
March 2005.
Presentation, “How To Bridge Transatlantic Differences without Undermining the Kyoto
Process,” Ecosphere conference at the European Parliament, Brussels, February 2005.
Conference paper, “The EU Emissions Trading Scheme for Greenhouse Gases: Regulatory
Uncertainties and Prices in Carbon Markets.” Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of
the European International Business Academy. Ljubljana, Slovenia, December, 2004.
Presentation, “The Implications of Climate Change for Business,” European School of
Management/CERAM, Sophia Antipolis, France, December 2003.
Presentation, “The Business Dimension of Climate Change Issues,” Economic and Social
Research Institute (ESRI), Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, International Forum for
Environmental Issues, Japanese-German Cultural Center, Berlin, October 2003.
Presentation, “Engaging the US on Climate Issues” and “US Business Perspectives and Practices
on Climate Issues,” The Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House),
Conference on the International Climate Regime, London, May 2003.
Presentation, “The Climate Regime and the Trade Regime,” The Royal Institute of International
Affairs (Chatham House), Workshop on Trade and Sustainable Development Priorities
Post Doha, London, April 2003.
Presentation, “Business Strategy on Climate Change Issues,” Government of Japan, Cabinet
Office, Economic and Social Research Institute, International Forum for Environmental
Issues, Tokyo, March 2003.
Presentation, “The Kyoto Protocol and the WTO: Institutional Evolution and Adaptation,”
Transatlantic Dialog on Climate Change, Centre for European Policy Studies. Brussels,
December 2002.
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Presentation, “Engaging the US,” The Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House),
Conference on Climate Policy for the Longer Term,” London, November 2002.
Co-chair and Local Organizer, Transatlantic Dialogue on Climate Change: New Ideas for a New
Era, Conference at Georgetown University co-sponsored by the McDonough School of
Business and the Centre for European Policy Studies. Funded by the German Marshall
Fund of the United States. June 2002.
Presentation, “The Climate Regime and the Trade Regime,” Centre for European Policy Studies
conference, Brussels, March 2002.
Paper, “Global Warming as a Business Strategy Issue,” Annual Meeting of the European
International Business Academy, Paris, December 2001.
Presentation, “Climate Change Issues in the US: Government and Corporate Responses,” Centre
for European Policy Studies conference, Brussels, November 2001.
Paper, “Why Do Firms Choose Growth by Foreign Direct Investment? Mergers & Acquisitions
vs. Greenfield Facilities,” Carnegie Bosch Institute Fifth International Conference on
International Management, Berlin, October 2001. Co-author with Stanley Nollen.
Presentation, “Climate Change: Firms’ Strategies and Governments’ Policies,” Annual Meeting
of the Academy of Management, Washington, DC, August 2001
Paper, “Greening International Business at the World Trade Organization?: Agreements,
Disputes, Agendas,” AIB-UK Conference, Strathclyde University, Glasgow 14-15 April
2000.
Publications before 2000
Trade and Investment Policy. Two volumes. Edward Elgar, 1999. Editor.
“WTO Disputes and Developing Countries,” Journal of World Trade, Vol. 33, No. 5 (October
1999), pp. 169-182. With Stephen Young.
“Investment Issues at the World Trade Organization: The Architecture of Rules and the
Settlement of Disputes,” Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 1, No. 3 (1998),
pp. 457-470. With Stephen Young.
“Components of Foreign Direct Investment Flows: Evidence and Implications of Differences,”
Latin American Business Review, Vol. 1, No. 2 (1998), pp. 27-46. With Eugene Salorio.
“The Role of Foreign Private Capital Flows in Sustainable Development,” in Finance for
Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations, 1998. With Kwang Jun.
"International Political Economy and the Changing Strategies and Environment of Firms," in I.
Islam and W. F. Shephard, eds., Current Issues in International Business. Cheltenham:
Elgar, 1997, pp. 69-83.
"Relationships between Politics and International Business," in Brian Toyne and Douglas Nigh,
eds., International Business Inquiry: An Emerging Vision. Columbia, South Carolina:
University of South Carolina Press, 1997.
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"Investment Incentives and the New International Agenda," World Economy, Vol. 20, No. 2
(March 1997), pp. 175-198. With Stephen Young.
"Political Instability and Country Risk," Global Finance Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1997), pp. 313325. With Pietra Rivoli.
"Investment Policies in Multilateral and Regional Agreements: A Comparative Analysis,"
Transnational Corporations, Vol. 5, No. 1 (April 1996), pp. 9-36. With Stephen Young.
"International Investment Dispute Settlement Procedures," in Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development, Towards Multilateral Investment Rules. Paris:
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1996, pp. 85-105.
"Investment Issues in the WTO and the Implications for APEC's Agenda," in Carl J. Green and
Thomas L. Brewer, eds., Investment Issues in Asia and the Pacific Rim. Dobbs Ferry,
NY: Oceana, 1995, pp. 113-133.
"International Investment Dispute Settlement Procedures: The Evolving Regime for Foreign
Direct Investment," Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Spring
1995), pp. 633-672.
"Multilateral Investment Agreements in the New Era of Foreign Direct Investment: Implications
for India and Other Emerging Market Economies," Foreign Trade Review: Journal of the
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, Vol. 29, No. 4 (1995), pp. 265-276.
"Towards a New Multilateral Framework for FDI: Issues and Scenarios," Transnational
Corporations, Vol. 4, No. 1 (April 1995), pp. 69-83. Research Note. With Stephen
Young.
"The Multilateral Agenda for Foreign Direct Investment: Problems, Principles and Priorities for
Negotiations at the OECD and WTO," World Competition, Vol. 18, No. 4 (June 1995),
pp. 67-83. With Stephen Young.
"European Union Policies and the Problems of Multinational Enterprises," Journal of World
Trade, Vol. 29, No. 1 (February 1995), pp. 33-52. With Stephen Young.
"Determining Appropriate International Transfer Prices: Economic and Administrative
Rationales for Using Asset-Based Profit Splits under Section 482 of the U.S. Tax Code,"
Global Finance Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2 (1995), pp. 111-119. With Rebecca J. Klemm and
Douglas W. Dwyer.
Investment Issues in Asia and the Pacific Rim. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana, 1995. Co-editor with
Carl Green.
"Indicators of Foreign Direct Investment in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the
Former Soviet Union: Comparisons of Data Sources," Transnational Corporations, Vol.
3, No. 2 (1994), pp. 115-126.
"International-Business Political Behavior: New Theoretical Directions," Academy of
Management Review, Vol. 19, No. 1 (January 1994), pp. 119-143. With Jean Boddewyn.
"Government Policies, Market Imperfections, and Foreign Direct Investment," Journal of
International Business Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1993), pp. 101-120.
"International Transfer Pricing," International Tax Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter 1993), pp.
34-48. With Rebecca Klemm.
"Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Market Countries," in Lars Oxelheim, ed., The Global
Race for Foreign Direct Investment: Prospects for the Future. Heidelberg: Springer
Verlag, 1993; Chapter 7.
"An Issue-Area Approach to the Analysis of MNE-Government Relations," Journal of
International Business Studies, Vol. 23, No. 2 (1992), pp. 295-309.
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"The Effects of Government Policies on Foreign Direct Investment as a Strategic Choice of
Firms: An Expansion of Internalization Theory," International Trade Journal, Vol. 7, No.
1, (Fall 1992), pp. 111- 129; special issue on "Governments and Multinational
Corporations," edited by John H. Dunning.
"MNE-Government Relations: Strategic Networks and Foreign Direct Investment in the United
States in the Automotive Industry," International Executive, Vol. 34, No. 2 (March/April
1992), pp. 113-129. (prize for best paper in special issue)
Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Patterns, Policies, and Prospects.
Washington, DC: The World Bank, International Economics Department, 1991.
Monograph.
"Country Risk and Country Instability," Global Finance Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Fall 1991), pp.
197-208. With Pietra Rivoli.
"Politics and Perceived Country Creditworthiness in International Banking," Journal of Money,
Credit, and Banking, Vol. 22, No. 3 (August 1990), pp. 357-369. With Pietra Rivoli.
"EC-1992 and the U.S. Automotive Industry: Shifting Patterns of Trade and Investment," in
Jorge F. Perez-Lopez, Gregory K. Schoepfle, and John Yochelson, eds., EC-1992.
Washington, DC: The Center for Strategic and Intentional Studies, 1990, pp. 33-52.
"MIGA: A New Organization to Promote and Protect Private Direct Investments in Developing
Countries," Global Risk Assessments, Book 3 (1988), pp. 36-45.
"The Political and Economic Environment of Government Controls on MNCs' Funds Transfers:
Evidence from Argentina and Its Implications for Country Risk Analysis," Global Risk
Assessment, Book 2 (1986), p. 226-234.
Investing in Developing Countries. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1986. Principal coauthor, with Kenneth David and Linda Y. C. Lim.
Political Risks in International Business: New Directions for Research, Management, and Public
Policy. New York: Praeger, 1985. Editor and author of four chapters.
"A Comparative Analysis of the Fiscal Policies of Industrial and Developing Countries: Policy
Instability and Governmental Regime Instability," Journal of Comparative Economics,
Vol. 9 (June 1985), pp. 191-196. Note.
"The Instability of Governments and the Instability of Controls on Funds Transfers by
Multinational Corporations," Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. XIV, No. 3
(Winter 1983), pp. 147-157.
"Political Sources of Risk in the International Money Markets," Journal of International
Business Studies, Vol. XVI, No. I (Spring/Summer 1983), pp. 161-164. Note.
"International Regulation of Restrictive Business Practices," Journal of World Trade Law, Vol.
16, No. 2 (March/April 1982), pp. 108-118.
"Political Risk Assessment for Foreign Direct Investment Decisions," Columbia Journal of
World Business, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Spring 1981), pp. 5-12.
Conference Participation before 2000
United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Financial Issues, Finance for Sustainable
Development, United Nations Environment Program, Nairobi, Kenya, December 1999.
Paper, “Location Determinants of Multinational Firms: The Effects on Firms’ Strategic Choices
of the WTO Trade-Investment Regime,” Seventh Sorbonne International Conference on
Multinational Firms’ Strategies, Paris, June 1999.
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Presentation, Workshop on Global Development Finance sponsored by the World Bank and the
Committee for Reform of the Bretton Woods System, Relative Volatility of Foreign
Direct Investment and Portfolio Flows to Developing Countries, November 1998.
Presentation, Seminar for Government Delegates to United Nations and World Trade
Organization in Geneva on Investment, Trade and Economic Development, Glion,
Switzerland, June 1998.
“The World Trade Organization: Global Rule Maker?,” paper presented at a conference at the
University of Strathclyde on Globalization of Multinational Enterprise Activity and
Economic Development, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, May 1998.
Presentation, “Leading Edges of International Business Research,” Academy of International
Business, Monterrey, Mexico, October 1997.
Presentation, “The Role of the World Bank in a Multilateral Framework for Investment,” United
Nations Regional Conference for Africa, Fes, Morocco, June 1997.
Paper, “The Role of Foreign Private Capital Flows in Sustainable Development,” paper prepared
for United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Financial Issues, Finance for Sustainable
Development, Santiago, Chile, January 1997. With Kwang Jun.
Paper, “The Relationship among Components of Inward FDI Flows in Latin America,” prepared
for conference of the Business Association of Latin American Studies, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, April 1997. With Eugene Salorio.
Paper, "Global and Regional Agreements on International Investment: Implications for
Investment Incentives," prepared for the World Conference on Globalization and
Regionalization of Trade and International Investment, Paris, May 1996. With Stephen
Young.
Presentation, "Workshop on Foreign Direct Investment," Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development, Hong Kong, March 1996.
Paper, "FDI Policies in Regional and Multilateral Agreements," prepared for the annual meeting
of the European International Business Academy, Urbino, Italy, December, 1995. With
Stephen Young.
Presentation, Country Case Studies, Carnegie Bosch Institute Conference on Governments,
Globalization and International Business, Washington, DC, June 1995.
Paper, "FDI Policies in Regional and Multilateral Agreements," European International Business
Academy annual meeting, December 1995.
Presentation, "Investment and the New Agenda at the World Trade Organization," APEC
Investment Experts Group, Bangkok, Thailand, October 1995.
"International Investment Dispute Settlement Mechanisms: Agreements, Institutions and Issues,"
Background Paper, Workshop on Foreign Direct Investment, Policy Dialogue with
Dynamic Non Member Economies, Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), Wellington, New Zealand, April 1995.
Presenation, "Foreign Direct Investment Policy Reforms in India," Conference on Foreign Direct
Investment in India, Indian Institute for Foreign Trade, New Delhi, India, April 1995.
"U.S. Executives' Perceptions of the Investment Climate in India," Workshop on Foreign Direct
Investment in India, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi, India, March 1995.
Co-moderator, Conference on "An International Investment Regime for APEC" sponsored by the
Asian Law and Policy Studies Program of the Georgetown Law Center, 1994. With Carl
Green.
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Paper, "European Union Policies and the Problems of Multinational Enterprises," prepared for
the 20th Annual Conference of the European International Business Association,
Warsaw, Poland, 1994. With Stephen Young.
"Political Economy and Multinational Enterprises: Expanding the OLI Paradigm of FDI,"
Seminar Proceedings, Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, University of
Maryland Center for International Business Education and Research, 1994.
Paper, "Indicators of Foreign Direct Investment in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe
and the Former Soviet Union: Comparisons of Data Sources," Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development [OECD] conference on Foreign Direct Investment
Statistics in Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States, Paris, 1994;
invited paper translated into Russian by the OECD Secretariat.
Paper, "The Interaction of MNE Strategies and Government Policies in International Regime
Change," prepared for the Fourth International Meeting of the International Trade and
Finance Association, University of Reading, England, 1994.
Presentation, "International Investment Agreements," conference on Pacific Region Economic
Relations, sponsored by the Asia Foundation, San Francisco, 1994.
Presentation, "A GATT for FDI?," Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business,
Maui, Hawaii, 1993.
Presentation, "The Political Dimension of International Business," Annual Meeting of the
Academy of International Business, Maui, Hawaii, 1993.
Paper, "Components of Foreign Direct Investment: Data on the Industrial Countries' Flows and
Theoretical Implications," prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Academy of
International Business, Maui, Hawaii, 1993.
Presentation, "A Proposed Asia Pacific Investment Code," seminar sponsored by the Asia
Foundation and the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC), San Francisco, 1993.
Presentation, "Shifting the Levels of Analysis for a Better Understanding of the Political
Economy of FDI: The Case of FDI in Mexico, with special reference to the Automotive
Industry," annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Acapulco, Mexico,
1993.
Paper, "Perspectives on Relationships between Politics and International Business," prepared for
a conference on Perspectives on International Business at the University of South
Carolina, 1992.
Presentation, "Foreign Direct Investment Theory," United Nations, Transnational Corporations
and Management Division, New York, 1992.
Presentation, "Integrating Political Variables into Foreign Direct Investment Theory: An Analytic
Framework,” Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business, Miami, 1991.
Presentation, "Business at Bay: Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. Automotive Industry,"
Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business, Toronto, 1990.
Presentation, "The Future of the U.S. Automotive Industry," conference sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Labor, Washington, DC, 1990.
Presentation, "Foreign Direct Investment Issues," Annual Meeting of the Academy of
Management, 1989.
Presentation, "Country Creditworthiness and Political Instability," Annual Meeting of the
Academy of International Business, San Diego, 1988.
Presentation, "Interactive Reaction Function Models in Country Risk Analysis," Annual Meeting
of the Academy of International Business, Chicago, 1987.
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Presentation, "Risk Analysis in International Business," International Business Council of
Atlanta, Georgia, 1987.
Presentation, "New Theoretical Approaches for Political Risk Studies: Information Processing in
Corporations and Iterative Policy-Making in Governments," Annual Meeting of the
Academy of International Business, New York, 1985.
Academic Positions
Georgetown University, McDonough School of Business, 1985-present
Copenhagen Business School, 1999-2000
University of Michigan, Graduate School of Business Administration, 1983-1985
Eastern Michigan University, Political Science, 1969-1985
Referee for Journals and Conference Papers
Academy of International Business Annual Meeting
Academy of Management Annual Meeting
Academy of Management Journal
Academy of Management Review
American Political Science Review
Economic Development and Cultural Change
European International Business Academy
Global Finance Journal
International Journal of Forecasting
International Business Review
Journal of Business Research
Journal of Comparative Economics
Journal of Conflict Resolution
Journal of Financial Research
Journal of Financial Services Research
Journal of International Business Studies
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking
Management International Review
Strategic Management Journal
Strategic Management Society
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