B105 Nutrition and Digestion
Test
Name __________________________________
Date _______________
Matching
1. ______ The cheapest and most abundant mineral in an
animals body. Used in digestion, in lactation, in
the blood supply and to regulate body temperature.
A. Crude Protein
2. ______ Composed of amino acids it is used to build
muscle, skin, bones and body tissues.
C. Glucose
3. ______ Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
and serve as the main source of energy for animals.
4. ______ The total amount of protein in a diet.
B. Vitamins
D. Water
E. Monosaccharides
F. Fats
G. Carbohydrates
5. ______ Simple sugars
H. Protein
6. ______ Complex sugars
I. Roughage
7. ______ The simplest of all sugars, found in plants and in
the blood.
8. ______ The sweetest of all sugars, found in fruit and
honey.
J. Minerals
K. Cellulose
L. Disaccharides
9. ______ The starchy substance that forms the cell walls of
plants making it difficult to digest.
10. _____ Feed like grain that has a high concentration of
carbohydrates and energy.
11. _____ Feeds high in fiber and protein but lower in
energy.
12. _____ Organic compounds known as lipids which serve
as concentrated storage places for excess energy.
13. _____ A inorganic nutrient that aids in the formation of
muscle, bone, blood and enzymes.
14. ____ Vitally important in helping the animal fight stress
and disease and maintain good health.
M. Concentrate
N. Fructose
Multiple Choice (circle the correct answer)
15. Which stage of production are the nutritional requirements of the animal the highest?
A. Calving to breeding
B. Breeding to weaning
C. Mid gestation
D. Late gestation
16. Over 80 % percent of the animal’s body is made up of
A. Muscle
B. Bone
C. Water
D. Skin
17. The most expensive portion of a ration is
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Vitamins
D. Minerals
18. _____ makes up ½ of all the mineral needs in an animals body.
A. Sodium
B. Phosphorous
C. Iron
D. Calcium
19. _____ makes up ¼ of all the mineral needs in an animals body.
A. Sodium
B. Phosphorous
C. Iron
D. Calcium
20. Animals generally need about ______ pounds of water for every pound of solid feed
they consume.
A. 1
B. 10
C. 6
D. 3
21. The first three body condition scores are considered …
A. Too Thin
B. Too Fat
C. Border line
D. Optimum
22. A body condition score of 4 is considered…
A. Too Thin
B. Too Fat
C. Border line
D. Optimum
23. A body condition score of _______ is considered optimum
A. 3 or 4
B. 5 or 6
C. 7
D. 2
24. The last three body condition scores are considered…
A. Too Thin
B. Too Fat
C. Border line
D. Optimum
25. A cow with a body condition score of 3 looks…
A. Smooth and square
B. Sharp and angular
C. Full and fleshy
D. All of the above.
26. A cow with a body condition score of 8 appears…
A. Smooth and square
B. Sharp and angular
C. Thin and emaciated
D. All of the above.
27. What regions of the animal’s body will they deposit fat before an animal starts
depositing external subcutaneous fat?
A. Around the heart and internal organs
B. Under the skin
C. Between the muscle.
D. In the muscle.
28. What region of the animal’s body is the last place they will deposit fat?
A. Around the heart and internal organs
B. Under the skin
C. Between the muscles.
D. In the muscle.
29. When is the most critical time to evaluate body condition scores?
A. Before weaning
B. At calving
C. 100 days prior to calving
D. During breeding
30. A change in one body condition degree or score is equal to _______ pounds on a
small framed cow.
A. 60 to 80 lbs
B. 30 to 40 lbs
C. 100 to 150 lbs
D. 200 to 250 lbs
31. A change in one body condition degree or score is equal to _______ pounds on a
large framed cow.
A. 60 to 80 lbs
B. 30 to 40 lbs
C. 100 to 150 lbs
D. 200 to 250 lbs
32. Mature cows of all breeds should be at a body condition score of _____ prior to
calving.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
33. The recommended body condition score at calving for a two year old first calf heifer
is…
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
34. The best period of time during the cow’s production cycle to alter the body condition
score is…
A. Calving to breeding
B. Breeding to weaning
C. Mid gestation
D. Late gestation
35. Is converted by the animal’s body from carotene found in green leafy forages. Can be
stored in the liver for many months.
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
36. Referred to as the sunshine vitamin because animals use ultraviolet light to
manufacture this vitamin. Animals in confinement often need this vitamin.
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
37. Vitamin needed to produce a enzyme that helps to form blood clots.
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
True or False
38. ______ Young animals need diets high in carbohydrates for growth.
39. ______ A loss of 20% of the water in a animal will result in death.
40. ______ The average cow will consume about 12 gallons of water per day.
41. ______ Two different types of feeds may have the same amount of protein but
different kinds of amino acids.
42. ______ Fat cows have difficulty calving while thin cows are prone to have difficulty
rebreeding.
43. ______ A certain type amino acid is needed for growth while a different type is used
for milk production.
44. ______ When energy intake is low external body fat is the first body tissue used to
meet nutritional requirements.
45. ______ Thin cows after calving can improve their body condition score if they are fed
a nutrient rich ration.
46. ______ Modern livestock operations balance rations based on the percent of protein
in the feed ingredients.
47. ______ Fat contains 2.25 times more energy than carbohydrates.
48. ______ Fat in the diet is essential for the production of certain hormones.
49. ______ Cows with a moderate BCS tend to produce more colostrums and have
healthier calves.
50. ______ Fat cows produce less milk because the deposit fat in the udder.
51. ______ In the mouth of ruminants there are upper and lower incisors which help
break up the food for digestion.
52. ______ The saliva of monogastric animals contains enzymes that immediately start to
break down sugars.
53. ______ Monogastric animals produce larger quantities of salvia than do ruminants.
54. ______ On young ruminants milk goes directly to the abomasum by means of an
esophageal groove for digestion.
Matching
55. ______ Single Stomached animals
A. Villi
56. ______ Multicompartment stomached animals
B. Omasum
57. ______ An enlargement found on a horse that enables it to utilize
high fiber feeds by means of microbial fermentation.
C. Mouth
D. Papillae
58. ______ The first stomach the feed goes to. The walls are makeup
of a network of sub compartments like a honeycomb.
Serves as a storage place for hardware that does not float.
Feed is sorted and regurgitated here.
E. Colon
F. Ruminant
59. ______ Giant storage vat where food is soaked, mixed and
fermented by bacteria. Makes up 80% of the total
stomach.
G. Abomasum
60. ______ Grinds roughage using blunt muscular papillae that
extend from many folds in the walls of the rumen.
I. Reticulum
61. ______ The true stomach of a ruminant. It contains glands that
excrete acids and produce enzymes which digest feed.
H. Monogastric
J. Small
Intestine
K. Cecum
62. ______ Found in the small intestine provide surface area and
allow absorption into the blood stream.
63. ______ Tiny nipple like projections found in the rumen that aid in
the absorption of nutrients.
L. Rectum
M. Rumen
64. ______ The organ that connects between the stomach and the Large intestine
65. ______ The first place the digestive process starts.
66. ______ The second part of the large intestine. It provides storage for waste material
67. ______ The final part of the large intestine.
68. Balance the protein in a ration for a 600 lb heifer being fed grass hay with a protein
value of 8% and corn with a protein value of 9%. She is eating 3% of her body weight
per day. She needs 11% protein in her diet.
Corn ______
Grass Hay _____
Corn ________
Grass Hay ________
% of the diet in corn __________
% of the diet in grass hay _________
Total pounds of the diet fed __________
Lbs of corn in the diet ___________
Lbs of grass hay in the diet. _________
69. Determine the nutritional needs of a 1500 lb cow in late gestation with a body
condition score of 7. This cow is currently being fed 14 lbs of alfalfa hay and 10 lbs of
corn each day. She should be consuming 2% of her body weight each day.
How much feed should she be consuming? _______
How much is she being fed? _____
Is this amount...
A. Deficient
B. Adequate
C. Excessive
70. Determine the energy content of the diet. Alfalfa hay has 58.0 % TDN and Corn has
89.0% TDN. The recommended amount of TDN for this cow is 52%.
_____ lbs of Alfalfa X _____ % TDN = _____ lbs TDN from alfalfa.
_____ lbs of corn X _____ % TDN = _____ lbs TDN from corn
Total TDN _______
Total pound of feed in the diet ________
Divide the Total TDN by the total pounds of feed in the diet and convert it to a
percentage.
______ % TDN in the diet.
______ Recommended TDN % in the diet.
Is this amount...
A. Deficient
B. Adequate
C. Excessive