Chapter 13: Properties of Solutions
College Board Performance Objectives:
 Describe the energy changes associated with the formation of a solution and the role of
entropy.
 "Like dissolves like!"
 Effects of temperature and pressure on solubility.
 Define units of concentration, mass percent, ppm, mole fraction, molarity, and molality, and be
able to calculate each from appropriate data.
 Be able to convert a concentration from one unit to the other.
 Describe the effect of solute (or solvent) concentration on each colligative property—vapor
pressure, boiling point, freezing point, osmotic pressure. Be able to calculate any of these
effects from concentration data.
 Calculate the concentration and molar mass of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte from its effect on
a colligative property.
 Explain the difference in magnitude of these effects caused by electrolytes compared to
nonelectrolytes. Define the Van't Hoff Factor, i.
 Become familiar with the types of colloids.
College Board Lab Objectives:
To become familiar with one of the colligative properties and use it to determine the molar mass of a
substance.
Suggested Labs:
Colligative Properties: Freezing-Point Depression and Molar Mass,
Key Words:
solvation, p. 470
hydration, p. 470
crystallization, p. 474
saturated, p. 475
unsaturated, p. 475
solubility, p. 475
supersaturated, p. 475
miscible, p. 476
immiscible, p. 476
mass percent, p. 482
ppm, p. 482
mole fraction, p. 483
molarity, p. 484
molality, p. 484
colligative properties, p.
486
ideal solution, p. 488
molal constants, pp. 489–
490
osmosis, p. 492
osmotic pressure, p. 492
Van't Hoff factor, p. 494
colloid, p. 496
Tyndall effect, p. 496
aerosol, p. 496
emulsion, p. 496
foam, p. 496
smoke, p. 496
fog, p. 496
sol, p. 496
Suggested Exercises:
Critical thinking questions and end-of-chapter activities are included in these exercises.
pp. 501–507, # 1, 3, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53,
55, 57, 59, 73, 78, 81, 90
eMedia Exercise: p. 507, # 93, 96
Troubleshooting Tips/Error Traps:
An extensive number of exercises have to be done in this lesson in order for students to learn the
concepts and skills that are necessary.