Microbiology 532
Immunology Examination
October 11, 2001
All questions have equal point value.
Multiple Choice (choose the best answer)
1.
Naturally-acquired immunity may be the result of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
A cytokine will generally only affect a cell having:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
Fc receptor specificity.
conformation of the binding site to the epitope.
affinity of the complement receptors.
interaction of the Fab with cytokines.
none of the above.
Martian immunoglobulin molecules follow the same rules of proportions that are found in human
immunoglobulins. If you were told that Martian light chains had a molecular weight of 100 kDa,
what would you expect the molecular weight of their IgG molecules to be?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
light chains they possess.
carbohydrate on their light chains.
constant regions in their light chains.
heavy chains they possess.
none of the above.
The variable regions in the Fab fragments determine:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
a receptor for that cytokine.
a CD antigen on its surface.
an Fc receptor.
a complement receptor.
none of the above.
Immunoglobulin classes are distinguished by the type of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
transfer of bone marrow from one individual to another.
immunization with a vaccine.
exposure to an individual who has an infectious disease.
a physician administering a gamma globulin shot to someone who has had a needle stick
(immunoglobulins).
none of the above.
600 kDa
10,000 kDa
40,000 kDa
750,000 kDa
none of the above.
J-chains are generally associated with:
a.
b.
IgG.
polymeric immunoglobulins (more than two Fab’s).
Microbiology 532
c.
d.
e.
Immunology Examination
monomeric immunoglobulins (two Fab’s).
IgD.
none of the above.
page 2 of 8
Microbiology 532
7.
Fc-binding by antibodies of the IgE class is associated with:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
antigen receptors on immature B cells.
an ADCC receptor on NK cells.
a hormone receptor on NK cells.
a trigger of the complement cascade.
none of the above.
Affinity is determined by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
cellular homing mechanisms.
sensitization of Mast cells and basophils.
Fd receptors.
ICAM’s.
none of the above.
IgD antibody functions as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
Immunology Examination
how much you like someone.
the amino acid sequence in the Fab regions of the antibody molecule.
Fc receptors on eosinophils.
the concentration of complement.
none of the above.
Avidity is important because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
multiple, simultaneous interactions with antigen results in very strong binding.
Fc binding depends on it.
signal transduction depends on complement activation.
interactions between Fc receptors and antigen trigger high affinity antibody production.
none of the above.
True/False (Please use “a” for true and “b” for false on your answer sheet)
11.
Avidity is important because it amplifies the binding of low affinity Fab’s.
12.
Cross-reaction occurs when one or more epitopes are shared by different antigens.
13.
An immunoassay generally requires a “second’ antibody which is labeled with an enzyme or
radioisotope in order to enable detection of the “first” antibody.
14.
Immune precipitation occurs due to complement activation and the production of chemotactic
factors.
15.
Agglutination occurs only high affinity IgG antibodies.
16.
The complement system is generally responsible for the production of substances that cause
neutrophils to migrate to the site of and antibody/antigen reaction.
17.
Complement may be activated in the absence of an antibody/antigen reaction.
page 3 of 8
Microbiology 532
Immunology Examination
18.
Missing
19.
The clonal selection theory predicts that self-reactive clones of lymphocytes are responsible for the
presence of immune responses to superantigens.
20.
CD antigens are not present on the surface of cells that interact with B cells.
Multiple Choice (choose the best answer)
21.
The MHC-encoded antigen receptors function by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
B cells usually require T cell help to mature plasma cells because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
Fc receptors.
antibody-like receptors.
complement receptors.
a homing mechanism.
none of the above.
Plasma cells are the direct result of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
26.
may be a dendritic cell in the skin.
is usually a T cell.
produces cytokines which influence the NK cell while it is presented antigen.
produces ICAMs which are critical for diapedesis.
none of the above.
B cells recognize antigen using:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
T cells present antigen to them.
most B cells in the circulation need thymic hormones secreted by the antigen presenting cell
to mature to a plasma cell.
T cells produce cytokines that enhance their responsiveness to antigen.
all of the above.
none of the above.
The antigen presenting cell
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.
binding antigen on the antigen presenting cell.
binding complement.
ensuring that antigen presenting cells interact correctly with T cells.
a and c
none of the above.
B cell maturation.
T cells maturation.
NK cell maturation.
Monocyte maturation.
none of the above.
Cytokines are:
a.
b.
hormone-like proteins that are used for communications between cells.
a form of cell adhesion molecule.
page 4 of 8
Microbiology 532
c.
d.
e.
27.
Dendritic cells present antigen to target cells.
T cells can buy a round of beer at the bowling alley.
a preprogrammed death process is activated.
necrosis is activated in target cells.
none of the above.
The lag phase of the primary response appears longer than the secondary response because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
30.
forming an antigen depot.
providing non-specific T cell stimulation.
activating antigen-presenting cells.
all of the above
none of the above.
Apoptosis is a process by which:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
29.
a type of ELISA analysis.
soluble “messages” having antigen.
none of the above.
Adjuvants function to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28.
Immunology Examination
the assays for detecting a primary response are not as sensitive.
complement proteins are not present in the serum during the primary response.
of the lack of cytokines.
there are no memory cells involved in the primary response.
none of the above.
The lag phase of the anamnestic response is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
very log, due to memory cells.
very short due to the lack of antigen presenting cells.
very short when dendritic cells are absent.
very short, due to the presence of accessory cells.
none of the above.
True/False (Please use “a” for true and “b” for false on your answer sheet)
31.
Affinity maturation is the result of an active selection process for cells that produce the best
antibody.
32.
The innate mechanisms of host immunity play a role in the defense of the body only after specific
defense mechanisms have failed to defend the body.
33.
Protective antibodies often block receptors used by pathogens to specifically to host cell and tissue
surfaces.
34.
Opsonization enhances the ability of Mast cells to engulf bacteria by coating the bacteria with
substances against which that cell has receptors.
35.
Fc and complement receptors on phagocytic cells bind opsonized bacteria and pull them into
phagocytic vacuoles.
page 5 of 8
Microbiology 532
Immunology Examination
36.
Atopic individuals are people who tend to make excessive amounts of IgG antibodies.
37.
Mast cell degranulation occurs as a result of cross-linkage of IgE Fc receptors on Mast cells.
38.
Missing
39.
Genetic factors associated with atopy only support a tendency to be atopic and do not predict a
specific allergy.
40.
Desensitization injections are thought to suppress suppressor cell activity and reduce IgG synthesis
in atopic patients.
page 6 of 8
Microbiology 532
Immunology Examination
Multiple Choice (choose the best answer)
41.
The target of the complement activity is determined by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
42.
Complement damage is generally highly localized due to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43.
It can’t be determined from the information provided.
Type A
Type B
Type O
Type AB
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility) is the result of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
46.
they present antigen to T cells.
they are capable of mediating ADCC.
neutrophils respond to the chemotactic associated with complement activation.
neutrophil diapedesis is difficult in the presence of chemotactic factors.
none of the above
Serum from an B positive, Rh negative patient agglutinates red blood cells from a patient who is
Rh negative. What is the likely blood type is the second patient?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
45.
short half-lives of the activated complement components.
very low concentrations of the inactivated complement components in serum.
the inability to activate the system in the presence of IgG antibodies.
the natural affinity of complement for antigen presenting cells.
none of the above
Neutrophils are the primary cellular infiltrate in an antibody-mediated hypersensitivity because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
the presence of Fc receptors.
the presence of certain bacterial components, such as LPS.
the presence of specific antibody/antigen complexes.
b and c.
none of the above.
an Rh positive mother conceiving an Rh positive child.
ABO incompatibility.
an Rh positive mother conceiving an Rh negative child.
an Rh negative mother conceiving an Rh positive child.
none of the above
During serum sickness, the concentration of immune complexes in the serum drops rapidly at the
end of serum sickness symptoms. Why?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Immune complexes are rapidly cleared by the body.
Antigen presenting cells rapidly bind all of the complexes in their MHC-encoded receptors.
Free antigen causes the activation of the complement system and the protease activity of one
of the complement components degrades immune complexes.
The immune complexes bind to Mast cells and are destroyed.
none of the above
page 7 of 8
Microbiology 532
47.
Contact dermatitis generally occurs against substances that are considered to have a molecular
weight too small to induce an immune response. How do these substance induce an immune response?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
48.
the microorganism is not recognized by the innate host defenses.
the microorganism encounters the innate host defense mechanisms.
the microorganism mimics self components and “breaks tolerance.”
the microorganisms activates the alternate complement pathway.
none of the above
Antigens in immunologically privileged sites:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50.
These substances bind to other drugs in the body and then stimulate Mast cell degranulation.
These low molecular weight substances react with liver enzymes and are difficult to eliminate.
These substances bind to tissues and cells, resulting in a larger total antigenic size which can
then stimulate an immune response.
The substances trigger the complement cascade and cause neutrophils to accumulate and to
serve as antigen presenting cells.
none of the above.
Autoimmunity may occur following an infection when:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
Immunology Examination
are given special honors due to their outstanding achievements.
are poorly immunogenic.
tend to be processed less efficiently by antigen presenting cells.
are hidden from detection by the immune system.
none of the above
Adaptive host defense mechanisms are critical to the protection of the body because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
they utilize pre-committed antigen presenting cells that have already been induced by other
immune responses.
they are the first line of defense of the body.
they are highly specific for the invading pathogens that avoid innate defenses.
they provide immediate, continuous protection in the absence of a specific immune response.
none of the above
page 8 of 8