Biology Final 2008-2009 Study Guide
1. What is a hypothesis?
2. Define homeostasis.
3. basic unit of length in the metric system
4. boiling point of water in degrees C
5. basic unit of mass in the metric system
6. most abundant compound in living things
7. Amino acid is to protein as
a. fat is to lipid.
c. sugar is to fat.
b. DNA is to RNA.
d. simple sugar is to starch.
8. what is a monosaccharide?
9. functions of proteins
10. what are the monomers of the following: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
11. what is osmosis
12. what organelle makes proteins
13. what organelles make energy
14. main function of the cell wall
15. sequence that correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell
- ribosome, rough ER, golgi apparatus, released from the cell
16. function of the cell membrane
17. levels of organization from simplest to most complex
18. define diffusion
19. what organelles are found only in plant cells
20. function of the nucleus
21. what is active transport
22. what type of cell has a nucleus
23. what organelle converts food into energy
24. what is the cell membrane made of ?
25. what are autotrophs
26. what are heterotrophs
27. what gas do plants need to perform photosynthesis
28. what does photosynthesis produce
29. what is necessary for photosynthesis to occur
30. what organelle has light absorbing molecules
31. plants get the sun’s energy by absorbing what from it?
32. why do plants appear green
33. what is a granum
34. where is the stroma located
35. where is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast
36. where do the light dependent reactions take place?
37. what happens if there is no carbon dioxide in a plant’s environment?
38. what affects the rate of photosynthesis
39. what would happen if a plant is exposed to high temperatures
40. draw a graph that will represent the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis
41. draw a graph the will represent the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
42. what is released during cellular respiration
43. cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce how much ATP
44. what is the equation of photosynthesis
45. why is cellular respiration called an aerobic process
46. can an anaerobic bacterium carry out cellular respiration? Why or why not
47. how are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related
48. what organelle is the location of cellular respiration
49. in what type of organism does cellular respiration occur
50. what are the products of photosynthesis
51.what does a DNA molecule look like? Draw it
52. what does a nucleotide look like? Draw it
53. what makes up a nucleotide
54. what nitrogen bases always pair up together?
55. what is replication?
56. replicates results in what?
57. what is the correct sequence that pairs up with CTAGGT during replication
58. where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells
59. RNA contains what type of sugar
60. what nitrogen bases does RNA have
61. how many types of RNA is there
62. what types of RNA are made from DNA
63. what is produced during transcription
64.using the genetic code, what does CAG stand for
65. using the genetic code, how many different codons represent leucine
66. what is a codon? How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids
67. what happens during the process of translation
68. what type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code
69. what are mutations
70. draw and label the cell cycle
71. what is the cell cycle
72. draw and label a chromosome
73. name the three parts of the chromosomes
74. name the phases of mitosis in proper order
75. why did Mendel study pea plants
76. offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding parents with different traits will produce ?
77.what are chemical factors that determine traits
78. what did Mendel conclude about traits
79. if you cross a tall plant and short plant , what will all the offspring have
80. state the principle of dominance
81. if you cross true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring will have?
82. what is the probability that a coin that is flipped will land on tails?
83. if in the P generation, a tall plant is crossed with a short plant, what is the probability that an F2 will be
tall
84. if you have 2 identical alleles fior a particular trait are called?
85. create a punnett square for this cross TT x Tt , what are the results
86. create a punnett square for RrYy x RRYy , what are the results
87. what is incomplete dominance
88. red cow RR cross with white bull WW equals all offspring having RRWW. This type of inheritance is
known as?
89. mendel’s principles applies to who?
90. how many chromosomes do gametes have?
91. how are gametes produced?
92. draw a diagram of crossing over
93. what type of cells go thru meiosis only?
94. what is the result of meiosis
95. if a plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce what type of offspring
96. create a punnett square for the following true breed tall and true breed short. What will the offspring
have?
97. how many different allele combinations would be formed by a pea plant that has the genotype RrYY?
98. what letter represents chromosomes
99. if an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is?
100. how many alleles does a gamete have?