Project Proposal (Revised)
SAC/RESA/MESG/CPDAC/PP/01
SHORE LINE CHANGE
ATLAS OF THE INDIAN
COAST
(Submitted to Coastal Erosion Directorate, Central Water
Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India, New
Delhi as per CPDAC guidelines)
Marine and Earth Sciences Group
Remote Sensing Applications Area
Space Applications Centre (ISRO)
Ahmedabad 3800 15
November, 2009
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CONTENTS
1.
Introduction & Background
2.
Objectives
3.
Study Area
4.
Collaborating agencies
5.
Data requirements
6.
Methodology
7.
Time schedule and major milestones
8.
Manpower and Resources Requirement
9.
Utilisation aspects and expected results
10.
Deliverables
11.
Budget and payment schedule
2
1.0
Introduction and Background
Coastal zone is the area of interaction between land and sea.
It includes both terrestrial as well as marine resources, which may
be renewable as well as non-renewable. In addition, interactions
between various natural processes and human activities are
important factors in the coastal area. India has a long coastline of
about 7500 km including of its island territories. Coastal zone in
India assumes its importance because of high productivity of its
ecosystems, concentration of population, exploitation of natural
resources, discharge of waste effluent and municipal sewage,
development of various industries, increasing load on harbours,
spurt in recreational activities and above all petroleum exploration
activities.
The destruction and loss of land due to sea erosion is a
severe problem, particularly for a country like India facing explosive
population growth. Coastline is a dynamic morphological entity,
which responds to the external forces exerted by waves, tides,
nearshore currents and the resultant sediment transport. When the
resultant sediment transport entering a particular area is greater
than the sediment going out from the area, accretion or beach
development takes place. On the other hand, when there is a deficit
of the incoming sediment supply into a particular area with reference
to the sediment going out of the same area, beach erosion takes
place. Beaches act as constant absorbers of the wave energy of
water and though subject to small disturbances, remain in
equilibrium. However, sometimes this equilibrium gets disturbed due
to either natural phenomena or human intervention. When shore
structures are constructed, it is quite likely that equilibrium condition
is destroyed. Since this can cause considerable damage and reduce
the effectiveness of such structures, it is necessary to study the
equilibrium condition of shores before constructing such structures.
Therefore, it is of utmost importance to get information on accreting,
eroding and stable coasts so that effective measures to combat sea
erosion may be taken.
Major concern of coastal zone management is to ensure a
rational development of area and judicious use of its resources,
which is consistent with the surrounding natural systems and
environment. Environmentally effective coastal zone management
depends upon accurate and comprehensive scientific data on which
policy decisions can be based. A basic problem confronting our
country is limited availability of geographic data on coastal zone.
Accurate and updated scientific data is required on coastal
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wetlands/landform/land use, shoreline changes, sediment transport
and water quality of near shore waters.
Satellite data have proved to be extremely useful in creating
baseline inventory of the entire Indian coast line at 1:250, 000, 1:50,
000 and 1:25, 000 scale. The prepared Landuse/Wetland maps
show wetland features between high and low water lines and land
use features of the adjoining shore (up to 1.5 km from high
waterline). Shoreline-change mapping (1967-68, 1985-89, 1990-92
periods) for the entire Indian coast has been carried out on
1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scale.
Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee
(CPDAC) constituted by Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India
in April, 1995 is the apex body responsible for formulating policies/
programmes, providing technical guidelines, monitoring, reviewing
and co-ordinating coastal zone protection and developmental
activities executed by different Central and State Departments along
the Indian coastline. The committee recommended the need for
preparation of a Coastal Atlas showing information related to coastal
erosion derived from satellite data and protection measures
undertaken by all maritime states of India. A sub-committee was
constituted for the purpose. The sub-committee met several times
and discussed the contents of the Atlas.
Initially it was suggested that the existing thematic maps on
land use/land cover and shoreline changes on 1:50, 000 scale can
be utilized to prepare A-3 size Coastal Atlas along with required
modifications as suggested by the sub-committee of CPDAC.
However, during the Fifth Meeting of CPDAC at Mangalore, it was
decided to update the existing maps using recent satellite data and
then prepare the Atlas.
The Third Meeting of the Sub-Committee on Coastal Atlas of
Coastal Protection and Development Advisory Committee (CPDAC)
was held at SAC on July 06, 2004. The Committee discussed and
finalized the project proposal including budget requirements. The
total cost of the work was estimated to be Rs. 2.23 Crores and it
was decided that CWC will provide Rs. 1.10 Crores and SAC would
make efforts for arranging the balance money required. Minutes of
the meeting were prepared and circulated. Ministry of Water
Resources could not provide funds for the project and the activity
could not be taken up for execution.
However, in the mean time at Space Applications Centre
(SAC), Ahmedabad, the entire data base of coastal thematic maps
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prepared using satellite data for the period 1989-1991 has been
digitised and a Coastal Zone Information System (CZIS) in GIS
environment has been developed for the entire Indian coast. More
recently, SAC has prepared coastal landuse maps at 1:25, 000
scale using LISS-IV data of 2005-06 period as one of the component
of the “Coastal Zone Studies”, Project funded by Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India, New Delhi. This
information is also being put as part of the CZIS. The information is
catalogued as per Survey of India topographical map indexing at the
Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad. In view of current
status of the work already done, the present proposal has been
modified.
2.0
Objectives
The major objective is to prepare digital shoreline change
atlas in GIS environment using existing databases of coastal
landuse/landcover maps prepared on 1:25, 000 scale using (198991 and 2004-06 period), depict and quantify shoreline changes as
eroding/accreting/stable, show status of shoreline protection
measures taken by respective States and generate A3 size State
wise Coastal Atlas of all the maritime states of India.
The detailed objectives are:
i)
To quantify and classify the shoreline as shoreline under
erosion, stable and accretion for all the maritime states by
integrating shoreline using existing database of 1989-91 and
2004-06 period.
ii)
To integrate the field collected information on coastal erosion
and shoreline protection measures of all the maritime states
of India in GIS environment.
iii)
To analyse satellite data of 2009-2010 period for selected
hotspot areas (areas showing large shoreline changes) and
understand coastal processes responsible for such changes.
iv)
To generate Five Volumes of A-3 size colored Coastal Atlas
of India (Five copies of each Volume, Volume 1 covering
Gujarat, Daman & Diu, Volume 2 covering Maharashtra, Goa,
Karnataka & Kerala, Volume 3 covering Tamilnadu,
Pondicherry & Andhra Pradesh, Volume 4 covering Orissa &
West Bengal and Volume 5 covering Lakshadweep &
Andaman & Nicobar).
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3.0
Study Area
The study area is all the Maritime States and Union
Territories of India. Table-1 gives details of length of coastline and
number of maps at 1:25, 000 scale (as per SOI indexing) covering
the Maritime States & Union Territories of India.
Table-1:
Coastline and number of maps (1:25, 000 scale) of
Maritime States & Union Territories of India
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------State
Coastline (in Km)
Number of maps
1: 25, 000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gujarat
1214.7
240
Maharashtra
652.6
91
Karnataka
280.0
27
Goa, Daman & Diu
160.5
27
Kerala
569.7
60
Lakshadweep
132.0
20
Tamilnadu
906.9
83
Pondicherry
30.6
03
Andhra Pradesh
973.7
118
Orissa
476.4
86
West Bengal
157.5
129
Andaman &
Nicobar
1962.0
116
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total
7516.6
1000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.0
Collaborating Agencies
Following agencies shall be participating in the project:
i)
Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources,
New Delhi
ii)
Space Applications Centre,
Organisation, Ahmedabad
Indian
Space
Research
The work shall be executed at SAC under its overall guidance
and supervision along with the Coastal Erosion Directorate of
Central Water Commission, New Delhi.
5.0
6.0
Data requirements
i)
Landuse/landcover maps on 1:25, 000 prepared using LISSIV data of 2004-06 period (Total 1000 maps) available at
Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad shall be utilized.
ii)
Shoreline from CZIS data base prepared in GIS environment
using satellite data for 1989-91 period (Coastal landuse maps
at 1:25, 000 scale, Total 1000 maps).
iii)
Status of coastal erosion and coastal protection measures
taken by respective States (To be provided by CWC in spatial
format).
iv)
LISS-IV and Cartosat data of 2008-09 period for selected
hotspot regions (areas showing large shoreline changes).
Methodology
It is proposed to utilize existing Land use/Land cover maps
(1:25, 000 scale), prepared using satellite data (2004-2006)
available at Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad as the baseline
data. A digital data-base shall be prepared.
Shoreline mapped using satellite data for the period 1989-91
shall be taken from the CZIS data base existing at SAC. Shore line
changes with reference to HTL of 1989-91 and 2005-06 shall be
brought out. Entire coast shall be classified as eroding, stable and
accreting coast.
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Length and area of shoreline changes shall be computed and
put as additional legend in each map.
Status of coastal protection in various states will be included
and put as additional legend in respective maps. This information
shall be provided by Central Water Commission.
LISS-IV and CARTOSAT data (2009-10) shall be analysed
for selected hotspot areas and coastal processes responsible for
large shoreline changes shall be studied.
Field checks at selected locations shall be carried out and
planimetric accuracy of the maps shall be assessed.
Coastal Atlas (digital + five copies of A-3 size) shall made.
Five Volumes of colored Coastal Atlas of India are: Volume 1
covering Gujarat, Daman & Diu, Volume 2 covering Maharashtra,
Goa, Karnataka & Kerala, Volume 3 covering Tamilnadu,
Pondicherry & Andhra Pradesh, Volume 4 covering Orissa & West
Bengal and Volume 5 covering Lakshadweep & Andaman &
Nicobar)
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7.0
Time Schedule and Major Milestones
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Action
Months
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Approval and Receipt of Funds
T0
Satellite data acquisition
T0 – T3
Digital data base creation
using available Landuse/landcover
maps
T0 – T12
Integration of shoreline using CZIS database
of 1989-1991 period
T7 to T12
Shoreline classification as eroding, stable
and accreting and area and length
measurements
T7 to T12
Incorporation of additional information
on status of coastal protection measures
T13 to T16
Field checks
T7 to T16
Digital analysis of LISS-IV and Cartosat data of
2008-09 for selected hotspot areas to
understand coastal processes
T10 to T12
Finalisation of map composition
T14 to T16
Finalisation of Digital Atlas
T14 to T18
Map print outs, lamination and binding
T14 to T18
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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8.0
Man power and resources requirement
Two existing scientists at SAC shall be identified for coordinating,
supervising, field checking and quality checking work.
Two dedicated Workstations with image processing and GIS
software & two A-3 size Colour Printer for carrying out the work.
9.0
Utilization aspects and expected results
The project outputs shall be extremely useful to Coastal Protection
Directorate, Central Water Commission for providing guidance
towards coastal protection works in maritime states of India.
All the State Public Works Departments, Ports and Harbour
Authorities, Coastal Regulation Zone Authorities shall be able to
have access to coastal database for better management of the
shorelines in respective states.
10.0 Deliverables
Coastal Atlas (digital + five copies of A-3 size hard copy) as five
Volumes of colored Coastal Atlas of India: Volume 1 covering
Gujarat, Daman & Diu, Volume 2 covering Maharashtra, Goa,
Karnataka & Kerala, Volume 3 covering Tamilnadu, Pondicherry &
Andhra Pradesh, Volume 4 covering Orissa & West Bengal and
Volume 5 covering Lakshadweep & Andaman & Nicobar).
11.0 Budget and payment schedule
The estimated cost works out to be Rs. 60.00 Lakhs. Details of the
required budget are provided on the next page. The money shall be
sent to Director, SAC in the name of Accounts Officer, SAC.
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Budget Details
Item/Activity
I. Data base creation and analysis
Estimated Cost (Rs Lakhs.)
Transfer of Shoreline (HTL of 1989-91 and 2005-06 to uniform
projection. (Amount for 2000 maps @ Rs. 100/map)
02.00
Shoreline changes and classification of shoreline as eroding,
accreting, stable (Amount for 1000 maps @ Rs. 250/map)
02.50
Area and length calculation for shoreline changes (Amount for
1000 maps @ Rs. 250/map)
02.50
Transfer of data related to status of coastal protection measures
(Amount for 1000 maps @ Rs. 100/map)
01.00
II. Interpretation of Satellite Data (Selected Areas)
Satellite data (Amount for 100 scenes @ 6000)
06.0
Shoreline of 2008-09 (Amount for 100 maps @ Rs. 1000/map)
01.0
Coastal landuse of 2008-09/Recommended coastal Protection
measures (Amount for 100 maps @ Rs. 3000/map)
03.00
III. Travel includes field checks at selected locations for
planimetric accuracy assessment
15.00
IV. Map composition and print outs
Map Composition (Amount for 1000 maps @ Rs. 500/map)
05.00
A-3 size prints ( Amount for 5000 maps (Five Sets) @ Rs.
150/copy on 120 gsm paper)
07.50
V. Materials
10.00
VI. Contingency
04.50
Total
60.00
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