„Design of Processing Equipment“ – Exam questions
1. What are processing equipment, production line and operating set.
2. Apparatuses and working machines – parameters, characteristics, examples.
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Basic flow principles incl. q  t ; q  t ;V  t ;V  t dependences.
Equipment’s design steps (machine or apparatus).
Design steps for production line.
What does the term „quality of processing equipment“ mean?
Design materials and how to choose a proper material
What thermal and physical properties of materials do you know and what is their effect to
process equipment?
9. What mechanical properties of materials do you know and what is their effect to process
equipment?
10. What materials are used for process equipment – their properties and examples of using?
11. What are ways of protection of metal surfaces against corrosion or excessive wear?
12. Welding of metals and types of welds often used.
13. Pressure vessels welding and types of welds often used.
14. Welding of materials with different thickness.
15. Weld location on pressure vessel – examples of longitudinal and cross weld location, neck and
footing location.
16. T – welded joints, cross – welded joints and corner welded joints – examples.
17. Types of covers of cylindrical vessels, ways of their welding, advantages and disadvantages.
18. Welding of flanges and necks.
19. Welding of cladded sheets, flanges and necks, welding of aluminium.
20. Spherical, cylindrical and rectangular vessels, advantages and disadvantages, examples of their
design.
21. Pressure vessels – thin walled shell (what is pressure vessel, relation between membrane and
rigid shell – examples)
22. Calculation of tangential and axial stresses in a thin wall cylinder with internal overpressure,
calculated wall thickness.
23. Examples of conical shells design, joint with cylindrical shell, what is a way of calculation a
cone wall thickness (difference compared to a cylinder).
24. Reinforcement of openings for necks in pressure vessels shells.
25. Method of tubular heat exchanger calculation and design.
26. What are ways of excessive thermal dilatations compensation in tubular heat exchangers?
27. Tube arrangement in a tube plate, tube pitch.
28. Connection of tubes and tube plates, examples, advantages and disadvantages of these ways,
double-wall tube plate.
29. Types of baffles in shell and tube heat exchanger, their purpose and design.
30. Number of passes in tubular heat exchanger, their purpose and design.
31. Ways of heating media inlet into calandria, tube protection against an effect of entering fluid.
32. Vessels with jacketed kettle – examples of their design.
33. Supporting bases of vessels and apparatuses.
34. High pressure vessels – shapes of covers and packing, connection of cylindrical shell with cover
– examples.
35. Sealing (packing, tightening) of machine parts – requirements for sealed joints.
36. Examples of immovable packing, what influences sealing effect?
37. Materials used for flange sealing – types and kinds, properties, shapes and parameters.
38. Construction design of immovable sealing for flanges and plate heat exchangers.
39. Sealing in main or secondary field of force, tightening pressure, effect of screw joint rigidity.
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40. Movable sealing joints, examples of types, what affects their use?
41. Sealing without seals – principle of function.
42. Corrosion, what affects it, types of corrosion.
43. Electrochemical corrosion of metals, electro-potential, process of corrosion.
44. Anodic cell, concentration cell, corrosion in gap.
45. Corrosion of non-homogenous materials, spot corrosion, corrosion splitting.
46. Gas diffusion at high temperature and pressure in metals, its effect and ways of protection.
47. Plastics corrosion, ways of material protection against corrosion.
48. Basic models of tough materials.
49. Examples of plasticization utilization for beam bending, coefficient of plasticity.
50. Plasticity for statically indeterminate structures – structure from 3 beams.
51. Hypothesis for equivalent stress specification (biaxial stress, Tresc´s hexagon).
52. Basic procedure of an equipment dimensioning.
53. pi/K – k diagram for cylindrical vessels according various hypothesis (in what regions are
correct and on a side of safety).
54. Defining of equivalent stress for cylindrical vessels with internal pressure according various
hypothesis.
55. Allowed stress for uniaxial tension (compression) and biaxial stress; Mohr´s circles.
56. Laplace equation for membranes, example of its utilization for sphere and cylinder.
57. Thermal dilatations; examples of solution for tubular heat exchanger and piping.
58. Thermal stress; example for thick-walled cylinder (internal or external pressure, internal or
external heating).
59. Oscillation of cylindrical structures.
60. Stability of beam (axial force) and cylinder (axial force, external pressure).
Sketches of apparatuses:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Tubular heat exchanger with fixed tube plate and baffles.
Tubular heat exchanger with “hair pin tubes” and baffles.
Tubular heat exchanger with floating head and baffles.
Jacketed kettle with stirrer (mixer) incl. inlets and outlets of working fluids.
Packing absorber
Plate column with overflows on every plate (what is difference in comparison with plates
with holes).
g) Robert type tubular evaporator with internal circulation.
h) Falling film tubular evaporator.
i) Thermo-compressor of vapour.
Oral examination’s procedure:
3 questions (from groups 1 – 20, 21 – 40 and 41 – 60) and 1 sketch.
Every student will get 3 questions and will have c. 5 - 10 minutes for preparation (notes, answers,
sketches ...) while a previous one will be examined.
For the assessment it is necessary to calculate given examples (during the semester) and bring them
me about 1 week before the semester end.
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